Pentane: isomers ndi nomenclature

Mukuganizira mfundo zofunika isomers pentane awulule pawiri ili limene kalasi zinthu organic. Komanso, kudziwa zimene structural mbali ali thunthu, kodi munda waukulu wa ntchito.

makhalidwe General

Pentane isomers zomwe timaganiza kuti a gulu la zimalimbikitsa (malire) chimasanduka. Iwo ndi chilinganizo CnH2n + 2, sp3 mwakusakaniza mpweya maatomu, umodzi muzikondana. Pakati katundu khalidwe oimira a kalasi iyi, kuphatikizapo pentane, isomers amenenso a kalasi ya alkanes wodzipatula kwakukulu M'MALO (halogenation).

The nomenclature wa mankhwala

Kutacha njira yeniyeni malinga ndi amene angapereke dzina la chimasanduka aliyense zimalimbikitsa. Molunjika mpweya mafupa iyoyomwe pentane, isomers ake kusiyana ndi ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira (nthambi) ku unyolo waukulu.

Choyamba, muyenera kusankha motalikitsa mpweya unyolo. Pakuti kuwerenga maatomu mpweya wa gawo anasankha imene ili pafupi kuti ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira pamwamba. Pamaso pa nthambi za mbali zonse za dera waukulu nkhani chiwerengero cha ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira, komanso dongosolo zawo (ntchito zilembo Russian).

Ngati pali angapo zofanana hydrocarbon ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira pa chiwerengero amasonyeza malo awo ntchito angalongosolere prefixes: di-, tri-, tetra.

Pambuyo onse particles yogwira, kupereka dzina la mpweya msana adzakhala kutchulidwa.

kapangidwe ka pentane

Ndipamene waukulu structural chilinganizo isomers pentane ntchito aligorivimu ochiritsira. Kuyamba kukonza maatomu mpweya mu unyolo limodzi, kupeza yachibadwa pentane structural chilinganizo: CH3- (CH2) 3-CH3.

Ngati anachoka mu unyolo waukulu maatomu mpweya anayi ndi yotsala Adzaperekedwa ku mawonekedwe a CH3 kwakukulu. Zikatero, akhoza kupanga mitunduyi awiri structural zinthu zosiyana kwa wina ndi makonzedwe ena a magulu methyl: 2-methylbutane, 3-methylbutane.

Kodi aliyense angakhoze kuyang'ana pentane? The isomers wa chilinganizo S5N12 akhoza anapereka ndi 2,2-dimetilpropanom.

zinthuzi onse amasonkhana wina ambiri chilinganizo CnH2n + 2 Choncho, a kalasi ya chimasanduka zimalimbikitsa (alkanes) ndi structural isomers.

Chodabwitsa limafotokoza kuli isomerism mankhwala kwambiri ndi chilinganizo wamba, koma zimasiyanasiyana makonzedwe maatomu a molekyulu ndi. isomers kandalama ena kusiyana reactivity, ngakhale wachokera ku kalasi imodzi chimasanduka.

Pomaliza

Pentane, isomers zimene takambiranazi, ndi nthumwi ankaikira paraffins. Kwa gulu ili la zinthu organic yodziwika ndi isomerism chomangira angapo. Zimalimbikitsa chimasanduka si interclass isomers. Mwa makampani akuluakulu komwe kufunika pentane ndi isomers ake structural, sankhani makampani mankhwala.

Pamene isomerization wa pentane, 2-methylbutane, zomwe zimachititsa dehydrogenation wa hydrocarbon unsaturated, yoperekedwa kwa chiwerengero cha chilinganizo ambiri CnH2n-2. Polymerization a unsaturated C × H Y ndi njira mafakitale yopangira polima kupanga ntchito mu kupanga mphira.

Mwa madera ambiri a ntchito alkanes zimalimbikitsa, kufanizidwa ndi pentane wabwinobwino, kuonetsetsa ndi ntchito pawiri ichi monga mafuta, malasha. Pomaliza, kwa oimira malire a angapo chimasanduka, isomerism ndi khalidwe la dera waukulu. Chifukwa chakuti molekyulu palibe zomangira awiri, chifukwa paraffin isomers sizionekaoneka geometrical, mwachitsanzo palibe CIS ndi isomers trans.