Nkhope Chipilala - Mfumu buku Russian History

2010 kwa akatswiri kuphunzira wakale Lazaro, ndi mafani wa mbiri zinali zodzaza ndi chochitika chofunika kwambiri: Intaneti mwayi lotseguka anaika Nkhope amafotokoza za Ivana Groznogo (yotchuka amatchedwa ake mfumu buku). Ife aone ndi kuika mu zopezera padziko lonse oimira Society of Ancient Literature.

Kodi tanthauzo la mwambo umenewu n'chiyani?

Inu mungavomereze kuti chinthu chofunika kwambiri mu ntchito yonse mbiri - ndi zinthu zikuluzikulu: kulemba, zojambulajambula, zomangamanga, katundu wa m'nyumba ndiponso zinthu zakale ena. Mwatsoka, nthawi yathu, ofufuza zochepa kutembenukira izo kale iwo. Nthawi zambiri kuphunzira ndipo tchulani ntchito ya olemba mbiri ena, ndipo anthu lachitatu ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa, ngati muyamba kumva, ambiri a akatswiri konse ntchito magwero pachiyambi, ndipo ntchito zake zonse analenga pamaziko a zongomva ndi malingaliro. Iwo likukhalira kuti ntchito zimenezi tingauyerekeze bukuli zoipa buku la munthu "blockbuster." Ngati inu kutsegula ndi kuwerenga zomwe zinalembedwa mu chikalata akale ndi kufananiza ndi chakuti olemba mbiri amakono kulemba, nthawi zambiri amapezeka zolakwika zina osati mfundo zina kwathunthu zosiyana. Ndi zimenezo, ndipo izi zimachitika nthawi zonse.

zakale wakale Russia

Mwatsoka, mpaka lero pali ambiri lodalirika choyambirira magwero, monga mwina wolakalakika. Ngati tikulingalira zipilala kamangidwe, adasiya pang'ono ndithu, ndipo pambali, ambiri a iwo a zaka 18-19, chifukwa mu Russia nkhani maziko - nkhalango, ndipo nkhondo zonse ndi moto ndi wathunso maofesi amenewa. Ngati inu kutenga zinthu tsiku ndi tsiku ndi zodzikongoletsera, choncho si onse mophweka: kuti kunali kotheka kupulumutsa - ndi zinthu zakale zonse za zaka 15-19. Izinso, n'zomveka, chifukwa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, ndi miyala nthawizonse zakhala chandamale cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafani yakuti archeologists wakuda. Pafupifupi onse m'manda akale (n'chodabwitsa, etc.) pa gawo lathu anabedwa mu masiku a Catherine Wamkulu.

apakamwa

The yonse mudziwe mbiri mbiri ya dziko lathu anakhalabe kukumbukira anthu - ndi nthano, nthano, nthano, epics, etc. Komabe, asayansi m'gulu anakana kuthekera moganizira mwambo m'kamwa ngati gwero la uthenga, osachepera pankhani chakuti chifukwa chongochitika kamodzi kokha pa .. Russia, ngakhale wokonzeka kulandira kwathunthu nthano, kunena, Scandinavia kapena anthu British. Koma maphwando a nkhani yathu ndi nthano anasunga mfundo zambiri zochititsa chidwi, kumasulira ena kutsimikizira wina wa mbalume otchuka amakono (A. Sklyarov "lokhalamo Island Lapansi"). Mwachitsanzo, ife tonse tikudziwa za zachilendo izi chadzaoneni, ngati matsenga apulo kozungulira kwa kudzazidwa, zimene dziko lonse - kuposa si "iPhone" ndi chizindikiro chake - alumidwa zipatso? A makalapeti zouluka, ndi nsapato seveni mgwirizano? Inde amene amadziwa zimene wina ...

Komabe, amatengeka kwambiri, ndi nthawi yoti tibwerere ku mutu waukulu wa nkhaniyi, chimene, ife kukumbukira, ndi Personal m'chipinda chotetezeka Tsar Ivan (iv) kwambiri.

magwero

Waukulu olembedwa magwero a Ancient Russia - mbiri. Kuyambira cha m'ma 19 anayamba kufalitsa Complete Collection Mbiri Russian. Aliyense timudziwe bwino buku mabuku, lemberani laibulale. Koma tsopano ntchito yayambika mwa chimango cha polojekiti "zipilala pamanja Ancient Russia" mu digitization ake, ndipo posakhalitsa ndi Mtima wa Ivana Groznogo, adzakhala anaika Intaneti ntchito pagulu. Akatswiri Oyambirira siteji ayenera kudziwa kuti m'mipukutu yakale amawatenga si mawu, komanso zithunzi. Ichi ndi zikalata ndi fanizo. Chief mayendedwe ndi Chipilala nkhope. Amakhala ndi mapepala zikwi khumi ndi mafanizo seventini zikwi.

nkhope amafotokoza

chikalata ichi ndi yaikulu Annalistic-kuchuluka ya Russia wakale. Izo analengedwa ndi dongosolo la mfumu ya Alexander kuthetsa mu nthawi kuchokera 1568 mpaka zaka 1576. Front m'chipinda chotetezeka lili mwachidule mbiri ya dziko kuyambira Creation kuti 15 mbiri Russian atumwi, 16 kuti 67 atumwi. Amosov A. A. Akuti bokosilo wakalewu tichipeza mabuku khumi mu 9745 chiwerengero cha mapepala amene chokongoletsedwa ndi thumbnail Utsogoleri akuda 17.744. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale molondola ndikukhulupirira kuti Mfumu buku uli ndi buku la khumi. Tsopano iye anataya, ndipo zimenezi n'zomveka, chifukwa anachita nawo nthawi zambiri maganizo a mbiri Russian - mpaka 1114.

Front m'chipinda chotetezeka: okhutira

Mu mabuku atatu oyambirira munali malemba a mabuku a m'Baibulo, monga Pentateuch, Bukhu la Oweruza, Yoswa, Samueli, ndi buku la Rute, Estere, Daniel. Komanso, iwo ndi malemba wodzala Alexandria, nkhani ziwiri za Trojan nkhondo ( "Mbiri ya chilengedwe ndi poplenenii Troy" yotengedwa "Chronograph Russian" ndi "History za kuwonongedwa kwa Troy" - kumasulira Guido Romano de A Columna) ndi ntchito Iosifa Flaviya ' mbiri ya nkhondo Ayuda. " Zochitika dziko wotsatira atumikira monga magwero ntchito zambiri "mbiri Illinsky ndi Aroma" ndi "Chrono Russian."

History of Russia Nkhope limafotokoza ya 4-10 mabuku, makamaka anatumikira monga gwero la Nikon Chronicle. Ofufuza (mwachitsanzo, Kloss BM), kuyamba ndi zochitika 1152 chikalata ndipo pali zina magwero monga ya Novgorod (1539), ndi Nkhani ya Kuuka, "mbiri ya chiyambi cha ufumu" ndi ena.

kusintha wakale

Mfumu buku angapo kusintha, imatengedwa (Umboni wa zimenezi Komabe, si), kuti iwo anapangidwa za 1575 mkulu wa Tsar Ivan kwambiri. Processing a lemba yomalizidwa zakhudza makamaka zapakati pa 1533 ndi zaka 1568. Unknown kaundula mkonzi anapanga masamba, ena omwe anali ndi mlandu anthu anagwidwa ndi kuphedwa pa oprichnina lapansi.

Mwatsoka, ntchito pa Chipilala kutsogolo anali asanathane: ena ankapenta anapangidwa yekha mu sewero inki, kujambula iwo analibe nthawi.

anapezazo

Kutsogolo kwa Ivana Groznogo si chipilala cha buku luso la Russia, komanso gwero lofunika kwambiri a zochitika m'mbiri: ankapenta, ngakhale msonkhanowo ndipo m'malo ophiphiritsa chikhalidwe, kupereka chuma chambiri chifukwa zenizeni kafukufuku wa nthawi. Komanso, kuphunzira kusintha mkonzi kuti tapangidwa otsiriza buku ( "Regal Book"), kupereka mpata mfundo zakuya za nthawi posleoprichnogo kulimbana ndale. Kulola ife kuweruza ndi mfumu ya Ziwerengero anasintha cha ntchito zina za anzake. Komanso maganizo atsopano pa zochitika okha mu ulamuliro wake.

pomaliza

Mu zinthu za Society za mbiri yakale, ndipo tsopano aliyense akhoza timudziwe bwino bokosilo wapatali. Ndipotu kale, kuti apeze mwayi chikalata ichi, kunali koyenera kuti kwambiri khama, adzautenge angakhoze kokha asayansi-mbiri yakale. Koma lero ndi kupezeka kwa aliyense. Chofunika - mumagwiritsa ntchito intaneti padziko lonse, ndipo mukhoza kumiza nokha mu zodabwitsa za kuphunzira athu akale. Ndi maso anu, nagona pa zochitika zosiyanasiyana maganizo awo osati kuwerenga wokonzeka masitampu mbiri yakale amene ali konse ngakhale lotseguka gwero.