List anazunzidwa mu 1937. Mumadziwika akuvutika chifukwa cha mantha Great

Kwambiri wachisoni nthawi ya kupondereza ndale ku Soviet Union nkhani mu 1937-1938. Mu mbiri iyo inkatchedwa Wamkulu mantha. akuvutika ake anali anthu a strata osiyanasiyana a anthu. Kupatula zatsalira kwa anzeru chisanadze chosintha anali pansi kupondereza phwando antchito, asilikali ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo. Koma makamaka anazunzidwa mndandanda mu 1937 anali anthu a kalasi kugwira ntchito ndi anthu wamba, ambiri a iwo mpaka posachedwapa sanathe kumvetsa milanduyo.

Mantha, kuposa ukulu

Ngakhale kuti zochita zonse pa wozengereza zochita wamagazi zochokera zosankha za Politburo wa CPSU (b), izo imatsimikizirika kuti mfundo madongosolo awa anapereka Stalin panokha. Mu ukulu kuwopsa kwa zaka Palibenso mbiri ya boma. List anazunzidwa mu 1937 amakhudza kukula kwake. Pamene pa Khrushchev m'firiji pamtunda anali pang'ono lofalitsidwa deta pa anthu amene akhudzidwa ndi nthawi kuti, chinapezeka kuti yekha makumi asanu ndi chitatu - nkhani ndale kuti aphedwe 681 692 munthu.

Ngati ife kuwonjezera kwa iwo amene anafa m'ndende ku matenda, njala komanso chogwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso, nambala iyi an'dzamuka miliyoni. Malinga ndi kafukufuku zilipo Academician A. D. Saharov, kuti 1937-1938 biennium. Iye anamangidwa 1 200 000 antchito phwando. Mukaganizira kuti 50 zokha 000 wa iwo ankakhala kuti zotsatira, zimaonekeratu zimamupweteka zoopsa anavutika ndi mtsogoleri chipanichi mwini.

The plenum, omwe anakhala chiyambi cha mantha

Mwa njira, mawu akuti "The Great Mantha" anabwera kwa ife ku UK. Izo lotchedwa m'buku lake la zochitika za 1937-1938. Robert Kugonjetsedwa mbiri British. Ife unali dzina lina - "Yezhov nthawi", zichokela ku dzina la wakupha mkulu wa nyengo wamagazi, mutu wa NKVD N. I. Ezhova, nayenso anakhala wovulalayo kenako adalenga ndi sachita woipa mtima boma.

Pamene moyenerera taonera ofufuza zochitika pa zaka zonsezi, chiyambi cha Great Mantha, ayenera kutengedwa kumene kunachitika kumayambiriro 1937, plenum a Komiti chapakati cha CPSU (b). Pa adawomba kulankhula Stalin limene analimbikitsa kulimbitsa polimbana ndi adani a anthu, kuti kwambiri, monga mwa chiphunzitso chake, ntchito zoukira boma monga ife kusuntha anthu pomanga lamadyerero.

Yemweyo plenum Ayuda ananamizira milandu otchedwa bwino anasiya kutsutsa - kucheza ndale, ikuphatikizapo Trotskyists - Radek, G. L. Pyatakova ndi L. B. Kameneva, ndi bwino-phiko deviationist - AI Rykov ndi na Uglanova. Mutu wa grouping odana Soviet dzina lake N. I. Buharin. Komanso, Bukharin ndi Rykov mlandu akufuna kuphedwa kwa Stalin.

mamembala onse a gulu anaweruzidwira ku chilango chachikulu. N'zochititsa chidwi - okamba onse 72 amene analankhula kuchokera rostrum wa plenum ndi, analinso ndi mlandu woukira ndi kunyongedwa posachedwa. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha kuposa kale a kusamvera malamulo m'dziko. Characteristically, woyamba wa akuvutika wake ndiwo amene, atakhala boardroom ndi, anakuvoterani iye.

Chitsutsocho osauka ndi

M'miyezi ikubwerayi, pambuyo plenum unsembe, woperekedwa ndi Stalin wabweza kukhazikitsa. Kale mu June, boma anaganiza kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kuphedwa ndi anthu amene analinso ndi detachments wamba wopanduka, -. "Green Movement"

Komanso, mndandanda anali aposa anazunzidwa ndi otchedwa kulaks mu 1937, womwe ndi osawuka, amene sanafune kuti agwirizane minda losonkhanitsidwa ndi kukwaniritsa ndalama munthu ntchito. Choncho zochita kupha nkhonya ndi opanduka yemwe anali atatumikira nthawi, kuyesera kubwerera ku moyo wabwinobwino, ndi gawo lalikulu mwakhama a wamba a.

Kuwonongedwa kwa asilikali dongosolo lamulo

Amadziwika kuti kuyambira masiku a Civil nkhondo, Stalin anali ankhanza kwambiri usilikali. Mu njira zambiri, chifukwa cha izi kwagona kuti mdani aliuma mutu wa asilikali - Trotsky. Mu zaka za Great Mantha ndi wachibale asilikali anafika kwambiri wake. Mwina anaopa chiwembu m'tsogolo, bungwe ndi atsogoleri amphamvu kwambiri asilikali, anatsogolera ambirimbiri asilikali.

Ngakhale ndi 1937 Trotsky silinalinso dziko, Stalin anatenga oimira lamulo mkulu monga adani angathe. Zimenezi zinachititsa mantha misa ndi lamulo la Red Army. Wokwanira kukumbukira momvetsa chisoni mmodzi wa atsogoleri ambiri aluso - polimbana Tukhachevsky. Chifukwa cha kupondereza wakhala zayamba yafupika chitetezo cha dziko, limene bwino lomwe ndinawona mu zaka zoyambirira za nkhondo.

Zoopsya pakati NKVD ndi

Wathunso yoweyula wamagazi mantha okha NKVD. Ambiri mwa antchito ake, dzulo ndi changu onse agwire malangizo a Stalin, anali mmodzi wa omangidwa kundende ndi maina awo anatithandiza mndandanda wa anazunzidwa mu 1937. M'zaka zimenezi, atsogoleri ambiri otchuka wa NKVD anawomberedwa. Pakati pawo - chokha Anthu Commissar Yezhov asanayambe wake Yagoda, komanso chiwerengero cha anthu otchuka Commissariat la Anthu.

deta Archive kuti akhala akupezeka kwa anthu

Ndi isanayambike mbali yofunika kwambiri kukonzanso kwa NKVD yachokera anali declassified, ndipo izi zathandiza kukhazikitsa chiwerengero chenicheni anthu amene anazunzidwa mu 1937. Malinga ndi ena deta zinali za wina ndi anthu miliyoni ndi theka. ntchito Great mwachita ndodo Archive mongodzipereka. Kuwonjezera buku la deta ambiri zowerengera mabuku mayina a anazunzidwa mu 1937 ndipo mu nyengo ya zandale.

Chifukwa cha ichi, abale ambiri akuvutika chifukwa cha kusayeruzika Stalin anali mwayi wophunzira za tsogolo la okondedwa awo. Monga ulamuliro, aliyense angakwanitse mbiri ya zaka ndi ntchito maulamuliro Soviet ku funso kumene kupeza mndandanda wa anazunzidwa mu 1937, poyesa kupeza umboni uliwonse zopelekedwa za zochitika za nthawi, analandira chokana categorical. Only chifukwa kusintha demokalase mu anthu, uthenga anakhala pagulu.