The zachuma Austria Friedrich Hayek: MBIRI, ntchito, zikhulupiriro ndi mabuku

Friedrich August von Hayek - ndi Austria ndi British zachuma ndi nzeru za anthu. Iye kumbuyo zofuna za liberalism zachikhalidwe. Mu 1974 iye analandira Nobel Prize kwa banja Gunnar Mirdelom kuti "ntchito upainiya mchiphunzitso cha ndalama ndi ... kwambiri kusanthula kudalirana zodabwitsa za chuma, chikhalidwe ndi m'maphunziro." Hayek otchedwa woimira sukulu Austria ndi Chicago. Kupambana chachikulu - ndi mawerengedwe a zachuma vuto, catallactics chiphunzitso anamwazikana nzeru, mtengo wa chizindikiro, kuti lachibadwa, Hayek chitsanzo, Hebb.

zambiri

Friedrich Hayek anali chidwi chikhalidwe theorist ndi nzeru zapamwamba ndale za XX atumwi. Ataona ake onena za mmene kusintha mtengo zizindikiro anthu zofunika kuti amawathandiza agwirire mapulani awo, anali malo wopambana zofunika mu chuma. Hayek nawo First World nkhondo, ndipo anawauza mobwerezabwereza kuti chochitika ichi walenga iye kulakalaka wasayansi ndi kuthandiza anthu kupewa zolakwa zomwe zinachititsa kuti nkhondo. Pa moyo wake, nthawi zambiri zinasintha malo ake okhala. Friedrich Hayek ntchito ku Austria, UK, USA ndi Germany. Iye anali pulofesa pa Sukulu ya London la Economics, Chicago ndi University of Friborg. Mu 1939, Hayek anali nzika British. Mu 1984 anakhala membala wa Order ya Knights Ulemu ndi munthu woyamba wa Hans Martin Schleyer Prize. Nkhani wake "The ntchito chidziwitso anthu" anali m'gulu pamwamba makumi awiri, m'magazini yotchedwa The American Economic Review zaka zoyambirira 100 linakhalapo.

yonena

Friedrich Hayek anabadwa mu Vienna. bambo ake anali dokotala ndi kuyendera Professor wa zomera pa yunivesite ya m'deralo. mayi Hayek unabadwa banja wachuma wa nzika. Kuwonjezera Frederick, banjalo mwana ena awiri (1.5 ndi 5 zaka wamng'ono kuposa iye). Onse Hayek agogo anali masikolala. Wake msuweni wachiwiri kumbali akuchikazi anali wotchuka nzeru zapamwamba Ludwig Vittgenstayn. Zonsezi zimadalira kusankha malo chidwi cha wasayansi m'tsogolo. Mu 1917, Friedrich Hayek limodzi ndi zida zankhondo Regiment la asilikali a Austria ndi Hungary patsogolo Italy. Iye anali kupereka kwa kulimba mtima wake panthawi ya nkhondo.

Mu 1921 ndi 1923 kumbuyo PhD wake m'Chilamulo ndi Science Political. Mu 1931 ndinayamba kugwira ntchito ku Sukulu ya London la Economics. Mwamsanga anatchuka kwambiri. Ndipo za Hayek ikunenedwa ngati theorists waukulu mu chuma dziko. Pambuyo Germany linali muulamuliro wa Nazi, iye anaganiza nzika British. Mu zaka 1950-1962 anakhala United States. Kenako anasamukira ku Germany. Komabe, Hayek anakhalabe nkhani British pamaso pa mapeto a moyo wake. Mu 1974 anapambana Nobel Prize. chochitika anam'bweretsera ngakhale anthu ambiri. Mwambo, anakumana ndi Russian dissident Aleksandrom Solzhenitsynym. Kenako anatumiza iye lomasuliridwa ntchito wotchuka kwambiri, "Njira ya ku Serfdom."

moyo

Mu August 1926, Friedrich Hayek anakwatira Helen Berte Marii Von Fritsch. Iwo anakumana kuntchito. Banjalo ana awiri, koma iwo unasweka mu 1950. masabata awiri pambuyo lithe Hayek anakwatira Helen Bitterlich mu Arkansas, pamene izo zingakhoze kuchitidwa.

Friedrich Hayek: Book

The University of Chicago akukonza kumasula chopereka cha ntchito ya sayansi, amene wagwira ntchito kwa ndithu nthawi yaitali apa. A mndandanda wa 19 mabuku adzakhala ali Mabaibulo atsopano a mabuku, wolemba zoyankhulana, nkhani, makalata ndi drafts unpublished. ntchito Hayek kwambiri wotchuka monga:

• "Monetary Chiphunzitsochi ndi Trade Zolimbikitsa" 1929.
• "Mitengo ndi kupanga" 1931.
• "Ndalama, chidwi ndi ndalama ndi essays ena pa chiphunzitso cha kusinthasintha mafakitale," 1939.
• "Njira ya ku Serfdom," 1944.
• "Anthu azikhala ndi Economic Order," 1948.
• "Choka wa zolinga za ufulu", 1951.
• "The potsimikizira-kusintha sayansi: maphunziro nkhanza malingaliro", 1952.
• "The Constitution of Liberty," 1960.
• "Dzitetezeni wodzimva: Socialism zolakwa" 1988.

Friedrich Hayek, "Njira ya ku Serfdom"

Ndi wotchuka kwambiri ntchito ya zachuma ndi Austria ndi nzeru za anthu. Iye analemba mu 1940-1943 motero. , Iye amachenjeza za kuopsa kwa nkhanza, amene kwenikweni kuthetsa pa boma pa chigamulo cha zochita chapakati mapulani. Friedrich Von Hayek ananena kuti kukana anthu azikhala ndi maganizo a liberalism chakale zivute zitani kumabweretsa imfa ya ufulu, chilengedwe cha dziko chabe, olamulira ankhanza ndi "ukapolo" wa anthu. Tikumbukenso kuti mawu a sayansi adathamanga kumatsutsana ntchito sayansi analipo pa maganizo nthawi kuti Fascism (National Socialism) anali yankho capitalist kutukula lamadyerero. Hayek analozera mizu wamba kachitidwe awiri. makope oposa miliyoni "Njira ya ku Serfdom," tagulitsidwa chifukwa chofalitsa. The ntchito Fridriha Hayeka yathandiza kwambiri pa nkhani chuma ndi ndale m'zaka za m'ma XX. amagwira ake lero.

Chopereka ndi Kuvomerezeka

ntchito Hayek a yathandiza kwambiri pa chitukuko cha ganizo zachuma. Malingaliro ake ali tikalemba chachiwiri (pambuyo Kenneth Mivi Yanu) mu nkhani ya Nobel laureates. Vernon Smith ndi Herbert Simoni wonenedwa wake chuma wotchuka ano. Iwo Hayek oyamba akabweretsa gawo zosatha mu msika mgwirizano. Iye anali ndi chikoka kwambiri pa chitukuko cha kukula chiphunzitso, zachuma mfundo ndi maganizo kuti lachibadwa.

Anasiya ndi maulemu

Ngakhale atamwalira, Hayek mpaka pano a chuma masiku ano otchuka. maganizo ake sanali zimasintha. Dzina lake polemekeza wake:

• Wophunzira Society pa Sukulu ya London la Economics. Izo analengedwa mu 1996.
• Society ku Oxford. Analengedwa mu 1983.
• Omvetsera pa Institute Cato. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, Hayek anali kupereka mutu wa analemekeza mkulu kafukufuku anzake a bungwe kafukufuku American.
• Omvetsera pa University Francisco Marroquín ku Guatemala.
• Foundation kwa asayansi wa Institute of Studies ovutika. Iye amapereka kumadera osiyanasiyana akamaliza maphunziro mphoto ndi ofufuza wamng'ono.
• Nkhani pachaka Ludwig Von Mises Institute. Iye asayansi kulankhula za chopereka Hayek kwa sayansi.
• Linapereka pa George Mason University kulemba essays zachuma.