Ana Boyar (ana a Ankhondo). Russian State Army

Wakhalapo kuyambira kumapeto kwa a XIV m'zaka za kusintha kwa Peter ana boyars 'mmodzi wa makalasi chifungulo cha anthu Russian nthawi yake. Pamodzi ndi olemekezeka, ndi maziko a asilikali wadziko ndi thandizo la Boma mu dziko.

Kutchula koyamba

Mawu akuti "ana Ankhondo" akadali amapezeka mu mbiri zokhudza XIII atumwi, pamene Russia anali unagawanika ndipo amadalira Golden gulu. Komabe, kuti mawu sinali yofanana ndi mfundo zachikhalidwe za zodabwitsazi chikhalidwe. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ana a Ankhondo amatchedwa gulu Nkhondo ya Kulikov wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy kumbali.

liwulo anapezeka ku umodzi wa mapangano a Grand Prince wa Moscow Vasily II anailemba 1433 chaka. Mu pepala ili, akuluakulu anatsimikizira lamanja la ana boyars 'kutumikira ambuye awo ang'onoang'ono, ngakhale minda yawo anakanidwa ndi nkhondo. Ndiko kuti, tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti utumiki awa anthu mpaka cha m'ma XV anali ufulu malo. Iwo akhoza kusiya mbuye popanda kuopa milandu malamulo.

Kufunika kwa asilikali watsopano

Koma zasinthadi ndi zapambuyo pawo, ndi ana okha Ankhondo. M'zaka XV mayiko a Russia potsiriza ogwirizana padziko Moscow. Akalonga a mumzindawo ankafuna kukhala autocrat weniweni. Iwo ankamuda ofooka ang'onoang'ono dongosolo la ukalamba, kwachititsa kugawikana ndi kufooka kwa dziko. Potsiriza kusiya kuti akale, iwo ankayenera kuti tichotse ambuye yaing'ono ang'onoang'ono ndi kupeza chithandizo cha mphamvu zawo.

Ngati woyamba zimatheka ndi ntchito zokambirana kuchenjera ndi kukula mphamvu zachuma, wachiwiri zofunika latsopano kalasi chikhalidwe. nthumwi zake ndi kukhala Ankhondo ana. Kutchulidwa kwa iwo mu zolemba anayamba kuoneka ndi zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1445 asilikali Russian, imene inali nkhani ya Moscow kalonga, anapita ku nkhondo ndi amuna Chilituyaniya. Aliyense Ankhondo kumuwombera anali anthu 100. Mmodzi mwa anthu amenewo mapangidwe lotsogoleredwa ndi Voivod, zomwe zakonzedwa mwachindunji ndi kalonga.

Zikamera wa Ankhondo

Pali mfundo zingapo view pa chiyambi cha kalasi zofunika nkhondo ndi chikhalidwe. Chiphunzitso oyamba funso limeneli anayesa wolemba ndi katswiri wa za XVIII atumwi, Prince Michael Shcherbatov. Iye ankachita upainiya amakhulupirira kuti boyars 'ana - anachokera boyars lopambana. chiphunzitso china yoperekedwa kwa osachepera wolemba mbiri wotchuka Sergeem Solovevym. Iye anakhulupirira kuti ana a Ankhondo zinali chifukwa cha mtolo umodzi pamaso retinue kalonga wamng'ono wa lagawidwa ana enieni a boyars, ndipo Free ndi antchito apakhomo atumiki.

Pomaliza, view lachitatu limanena zokhudza mapangidwe Ankhondo a interlayer chifukwa kuwonongeka kwa m'madera a m'tawuni ya kumapeto kwa zaka za zana XIV. Land yoperekedwa kwa iwo, wadutsa mu manja payekha. ndondomeko ina zimene zinapangitsa zikamera wa asilikali pakati Russian wakhala zolimbikitsira chiwerengero cha amuna akuzigawo asilikali likuvutika anthu ku bwalo Prince a. Poyamba, eni anali nzika chabe. Koma kale m'zaka za m'ma XV, anayamba kugula munda ndalama wofooka m'dera m'tawuni. pedigrees kuphunzira landlords anasonyeza kuti iwo anali mbadwa zonse za mabanja mfulu, ndipo anthu ku zigawo zina za anthu, monga clerks.

asilikali tidakocheza

Pamene olemekezeka ndi Ankhondo anakhala phata la watsopano Russian boma asilikali, asilikali panali kutsutsana pa m'zigawo ndi anachokera Moscow. Anapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana m'dera kutumikira anthu. Iwo anali Novgorod, Chiyukireniya ndi Ankhondo Siberia ana. anthu amenewa anakulira kumalire a boma Russian. Iwo ali mu anachokera sakanakhoza kulowa kudzera ku Moscow. Mu Siberia, kalasi unapangidwa likuvutika Cossacks m'deralo. Komanso mwa ana boyars 'zimachitika asilikali servicemen Chitata, Chuvash, Mordovians, Mari, ndi zina zotero. D. Zinachitika Russia alumikizidwa Volga wake.

A kuwonjezeka zikusintha phindu latsopano chuma anali mu theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XV, pa ulamuliro wa Ivan III. Prince mwachangu kugawira wotchuka ndi minda potumikira anthu amene anabwera kwa iye kuchokera ambuye ena (akalonga Lithuania, ndi zina zotero. D.). Olemekezeka, Ankhondo ndi olemekezeka anali pa njira zosiyanasiyana makwerero boma.

Kusintha Ivana Groznogo

M'zaka za m'ma XVI, anapanga ana chakale kalasi boyars, amene anali m'magulu ziwiri zazikulu - pabwalo (kuchokera apamwamba wapamwamba) ndi apolisi (zigawo). Tsar Ivan Grozny kumayambiriro kwa ulamuliro wake ankachita nawo kusintha ambiri a boma. Kenako tinamva kusintha ndi Ankhondo ana. 16 zana ndi atumwi, pamene otchedwa zhiletskie mazana.

mayunitsi kuimira gulu latsopano la anthu usilikali mfumu. Mazana zinapangidwa ndi yowala ndipo ambiri amatha ana boyars. Akuluakulu anasankha zabwino koposa za m'madera ndi anawapatsa minda m'maboma pafupi Moscow. Asilikali watsopano monga ana Ankhondo wamba kulowa usilikali m'mayiko makolo awo.

pamene Romanovs

Nthawi ya Mavuto ndi kulephera kwa boma kuteteza asilikali tidakocheza amakakamizidwa Mikhail Romanov kusonyeza kusintha asilikali. Mfumu yoyamba ya latsopano mafumu kusonkhezera nkhondo ndi Poland. Mu 1630s Ankhondo inakhala maziko a dongosolo latsopano la regiments. Iwo amatchedwanso maiko, thangwi kweneko ndiye, mwa zina, anaitana alendo.

Pa Smolensk nkhondo Poland Ankhondo analinso mwa olemba - apakavalo regiments, olengedwa mwa chitsanzo Western. Izi zinaphatikizapo mapangidwe servitors opanda minda. Reitarska kuti osiyana wakhala analenga kusamalira ngakhale. Mu 1682, asilikali Ankhondo otsiriza kusintha timakalandira. Mazana m'malo mwa magulu a anthu 60 wina, ndi 6 makampani kuchuluka kwa Mashelefu zitsulo. Kusintha zinachititsa chiyembekezo chakuti a localism - dongosolo la kufalitsa posts boma usilikali malinga ndi mlingo wa otchuka a chiyambi.

Chuma cha ana boyars 'mbisoweka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII pa kusintha kwa Peter Wamkulu. Mfumu sanafune iziyenda asilikali akale wamasiku. Iye analenga asilikali watsopano, bungwe mu chikhalidwe European. Iye anawonjezeranso kufunika amazikonda anthu otchuka. Ndi gulu la boyars lolemera kuwameza ana.