Historiography - ndi Russian historiography ...

Kodi inu mukukumbukira pamene tinayamba kuphunzira mbiri sukulu za ukachenjede? Choncho kaya zinali zosangalatsa? Ambiri mwina, yankho lanu kudzadalira mmene chuma anapereka mphunzitsi wanu. Ngati izo zimangotipanga inu kuloweza zina tsiku, n'zosadabwitsa kuti nkhaniyi anaoneka kuti "kunyong'onyeka imfa." Komabe, mwina sizinali choncho, ndi mphunzitsi wanu akhoza kupuma moyo mu sayansi mbiri. Pamene ankanena za moyo ku Iguputo kapena mu nthawi ya Sparta, nkhani zakale kwenikweni wamoyo mwa maganizo a ophunzira Nditchimo. Kodi inu mukuganiza kuti munthuyo mbiri kwenikweni anakhala ndi moyo mu malingaliro anu? Chabwino, ngati ndi choncho. Chavuta? N'chifukwa chiyani mphunzitsi njira imodzi mukhoza kukhala zosiyana ndi zimene ena? Kusiyana mphunzitsi wabwino ndi mbiri zoipa ndi chimodzimodzi kusiyana pakati pa mbiri youma ndi historiography. Likukhalira, magawo historiography amakonda kufotokoza zochitika ndi livelier kwambiri. Kodi zimenezi zimachitika? Tiyeni tifufuze.

historiography ndi chiyani?

Historiography - ali, Kunena mwachidule, kupezeka kwa mfundo wathunthu mwadongosolo timaona akamanena za makamaka pankhani ya mbiri. Mukhoza Mwachitsanzo yosavuta kumva. M'Baibulo historiography - gulu mfundo zomwe atorela za Ayuda a m'nthawi za m'Baibulo kupezeka kwa maphunziro zogwirizana m'munda wa zakale zokumba pansi, kayankhulidwe ka mawu achiheberi ndi kupezeka asayansi atulukira; dongosolo bwino pa mbiri mfundo molunjika kapena umboni umene ali chokongoletsedwa thematically.

Ngati ife kulankhula za mtundu uwu wa kufufuza, ndi sayansi, koma historiography - mwambo kuti Maphunziro a mbiri ndi malangizo ake. Historiography oyang'anira khalidwe la kafukufuku wa sayansi ndi mamangidwe bwino. Izi zikuphatikizapo yotsimikiza ya kufunika kwa mauthenga ofufuza chimene iye chidafundidwa. Malinga ndi dikishonale Ozhegova, historiography - nzeru za chitukuko cha nzeru ndi ufa mbiri ya njira ya kafukufuku mbiri.

historiography Origin

Historiography - njira za kafukufuku mu mbiriyakale, patsogolo Croce, amene aone mbiri ubwenzi uchi ndi nzeru. N'chifukwa chiyani kufunika kwa sayansi? Mfundo ndi yakuti kuwonjezera pa polojekiti ndi Kulemba mfundo, pali kufunika kupereka malongosoledwe a zochitika. Ndipo maganizo amadziwika ndi anthu osiyana. Choncho, olondola zenizeni ayenera kukhudza mmene nkhani kufotokoza maganizo awo. Komanso, Croce Ufumuyo zofunika kwambiri mpaka lero.

Pamene mbiri yakale - nthawi zambiri monga ulaliki wa mwangwiro zotengera malingaliridwe maganizo a wolemba, zimene zingakhale zosiyana ukasintha ku chenicheni, n'kofunika ngati kuchuluka, ndipo njira yolondola phunzirolo. Komabe, malingaliro awiri sitinganene kuti zotsutsana. Koma ndi awiri chosiyana maganizo. Kuwerengera akupereka yekha zoona, pamene nkhaniyo - ndicho moyo. Chronicle anataya m'mbuyomu ndi mbiri ya makono nthawi zonse. Komanso, aliyense nkhani analikodi kwasanduka mbiri banal. Malinga Croce, nkhani sakanakhoza kudza ku Mbiri, komanso moyo samabwera kwa akufa.

mbiri philological

Kodi mbiri philological? Njira imeneyi, umene Mwachitsanzo, ntchito zingapo zakale, kapena mabuku mukhoza kupeza munthu. Njira amatchedwa chinenero buku Russian - mgwirizano wa kafukufuku ena ndi maganizo osadziletsa processing magwero chachikulu. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi wa munthu sayenera kufufuza phiri la mabuku, koma zotsatira analandira chifukwa cha kafukufuku zimenezi, ali wamng'ono wa ntchito. Ife tifika mfundo chabe, sizingatheke, wodalirika, koma ife kutaya chinthu chofunika kwambiri - mbiri wamoyo. Choncho, nkhani zachokera philology, angakhale olondola, koma mulibe choonadi. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi angafune kuti athandize ena komanso okha, ndipo chikalata aliyense - ndi mkangano angatsutse mokomera choonadi. Choncho, iwo ndi mbiri ankalemba, akufunafuna choonadi mwa iwo wokha, koma kuphonya chinthu chofunika kwambiri. Chotero njira simungathe bwanji chitukuko chenicheni cha historiography.

chinthu chimodzi zambiri za chiyambi cha historiography

Ngati ife kulankhula zimene historiography Soviet, kapena, mwina kudziŵika kuti pamaso akuti izi zikutanthauza kumatanthauza chiyani, omwe ndi "nkhani pa kalata" (Graphos - kalata). Kenako, zinthu zasintha, ndipo lero, chifukwa mawu amenewa kuona mbiri ya mbiri yokha. Mwa anthu amene anaima pa chiyambi cha historiography angatchedwe S. M. Soloveva, V. O. Klyuchevskogo ndi P. N. Milyukova. Iwo, monga ena, kufufuza momwe mfundo zimene timakhulupirira, ndi kale kutsimikiziridwa dongosolo. Pofika m'zaka 19 mochedwa, asayansi apanga phale lonse la kafukufuku wa sayansi mbiri. Kuwonjezera pa kafukufuku pamwamba, n'zotheka dzina ndi ena, amene Mukalongosola kufunika historiography sayansi, ndi amene anafotokoza ndondomeko kupanga kuphunzira zapitazi, ntchito njira za sayansi. Monga tidanena pamwambapa, historiography philological pamwamba pa mimba yopapatiza a dziko. M'malo mwake, pofuna recreate dziko monga izo zinali mazanamazana ngakhalenso zikwizikwi zapitazo, mtima diso la ganizo nthawi akale, ndipo ngakhale kuukitsa moyo ndi zokumana nazo za anthu amene anakhalapo kalekale.

azambiriyakale Kutanthauza

Cholinga chachikulu cha historiography ndi kuzindikira kwathunthu za akale ndi amakono, mbiri sayansi. Zikomo kwa iye, n'zotheka kudziwa nkhani idzagwe malangizo, ndi kupanga kafukufuku yolondola. Chifukwa historiography ndi n'zotheka kukonzekera akatswiri odziwa zambiri m'munda wa mbiri.

Ndipotu, pakati pa sayansi ndi kuchita zingakhale kusiyana kwakukulu, ngati iwo anali adalumikiza nkhani ya historiography chiphunzitso kuti kwasanduka kugwiritsa ntchito. Komanso, ngati mbiri akatswiri amadziwa chiyambi cha sayansi, iye researches ndipo limaphunzitsa, zimamuthandiza kukhala wamkulu akatswiri m'munda wake.

zoyesayesa zamakono wotsegula kaonedwe pa historiography

Mu m'zaka zingapo zapitazi, izo ankayesetsa kuti abweretse maonekedwe atsopano pa mbiriyakale ya sayansi mbiri. Pakati pa lofalitsidwa mabuku akhoza kutchulidwa makamaka zosonkhanitsira "Soviet historiography", 1996 magazini, komanso buku lotchedwa "kukonda dziko lako mbiri sayansi mu nyengo ya Soviet" (2002). Sitiyenera kudabwa ndi chidwi mu historiography wa mochedwa chifukwa umatsegula njira kuphunzira zambiri ya mbiri.

Russian historiography

Khama kuonetsetsa kuti kumvetsetsa mbiri ya Russia - mfundo yatsopano. Ngakhale patapita zaka zambiri, anthu asintha, choncho, anasintha ndi njira kuphunzira. mbiri kale anaphunzira zambiri ndi cholinga kupeza precedents zakale. Komabe, nthawi zonse Russian historiography unakhazikitsidwa mchikakamizo cha nzeru za nthawi imene iye ankakhala kafukufuku. Providence, zosagwirizana ndi ziphunzitso zoona za Lemba, mu Ages Middle anali ngati injini waukulu mtima wofuna kumvetsa nkhaniyo. Ngati Mulimonse kapena ngozi zimachitika Mulungu vmeshateltvu, kunyalanyaza mfundo yakuti momveka bwino m'Baibulo: "Munthu umalamulira munthu mnzake pomulamulira." Motero malembo kuti nawonso aliyense wa zochitika m'mbiri ya udindo Choyamba anthu amene kutulutsa iwo. historiography Russian anali imene amene Sali timakhulupirira, kulingalira.

Kupereka wa Asilavo

Ngakhale lero si ndendende kudziwika kwa maganizo onse a anthu zinalili mu nthawi ya Kievan Lazaro, koma mwa kuona mfundo, koma inu mukhoza kuwona kuti m'masiku amenewo panali nthano zambiri ndi nyimbo zimene zimasonyeza maganizo a dzikoli a Asilavo akale. malingaliro awo za dziko ukasintha wosiyana lero. Ngakhale mbewu ya choonadi, mwina iwo ali, ambiri, palibenso wina ndi chidaliro mu zokhumba zimenezi. Mukhoza Komabe, kutsatira mawu a wolemba wina wotchedwa onse nyimbo Asilavo, epics, nkhani ndi miyambi "ulemu ndi nzeru za anthu." M'mawu ena, anthu amene wawalemba iwo, ankaganiza chimodzimodzi.

Koma pakapita nthawi, mkubwela kwa mfundo yatsopano mbiri yakale, ndi nzeru kuwonjezeka pa njira kuphunzira mbiri ya sayansi womwe unali bwino. Ndi zikamera wa malingaliro atsopano ndi atsopano kulemba sayansi sochneny nkhani anasintha ndi mfundo za kafukufuku wake mu bwino.

Long-ataima akufuna kusunga dongosolo

Kuwerenga ntchito amakezana sayansi pa mbiriyakale, muona chidwi khalidwe Mbali - nkhani zochitika zina zambiri akuyamba ndi chiyambi cha nthawi ndi zakanichalas azungu zimene wolemba moyo. Akatswiri a sayansi masiku ano zofunika kwambiri kuti mbiri analemba za nthawi imene iye ankakhala ngati zimenezi ndiyo mwa machitidwe ndi odalirika. Kuphunzira ntchito za olemba osiyana motani kuti ngakhale ndiyeno panali kusiyana maganizo a anthu osiyana pa nkhani yomweyo. Kotero, anthu osiyana nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi maganizo osiyana kwambiri za chochitika makamaka mbiri.

Nanga taphunzira chiyani?

Motero, tinatha agwera mu Ages Middle ndi kuwona momwe mochititsa mosiyana kufufuza, poyerekeza ndi nthawi yathu. Ife tikhoza mwachidule kuona zimene umakhudza chitukuko cha mbiri sayansi, ndipo ankaona kuposa mosabisa njira za sayansi ndi osiyana weniweni maphunziro moyo, imene chitseko amatsegula njira sayansi masiku ano amadziwika kuti historiography. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu ufumuwo anapeza nawo ulamuliro mu phunzilo laumwini, mudzatha kuti mbiri kuphunzira zosangalatsa nokha ndi ena. Historiography wa Kievan Yairo ndi mbiri yakale Russian tsopano kwa inu prolema.