"Titanic" Amira ngati? Kugwa kwa "Titanic": m'mbiri

Papita zaka 100 kuyambira ngoziyo lowopsya la munthu la ngalawa yaikulu ya nthawi yake. Koma mpaka pano, dziko silikudziwa zinsinsi zonse amabisa chachikulu ndi looneka wagwiro "Titanic." Monga Amira chombo, akuuza nkhaniyo.

Kulimbana zimphona

The mzaka zana makumi awiri anali m'zaka za patsogolo njira zamakono. Nyumba zosanja zitalizitali, magalimoto, mafilimu - onse anayamba ndi liwiro zamatsenga. Ndondomeko kukhudzidwa ndi zombo.

Pa msika mu 1900s oyambirira, panali zambiri mpikisano makasitomala pakati makampani awiri akuluakulu. "Cunard" ndi "White Star Line" - awiri ankhanza transatlantic chonyamulira, kwa zaka zingapo mpikisano kwa mtsogoleri bwino kumunda wake. Nyengo yatsopano watsegula mwayi chidwi makampani, kotero zaka, zombo zawo mukuyamba zazikulu, mofulumira ndi obiriwira kwambiri.

N'chifukwa anali kumira "Titanic" akadali chinsinsi. Pali Mabaibulo ambiri. The boldest wa iwo - ndi chisokonezo. Mwambo pamwamba kampani "Star Line".

Koma anatsegula dziko la ndege chodabwitsa "Cunard". Pa dongosolo la awiri odabwitsa Sitima "Mauritania" ndi "Lusitania" inamangidwa. omvera anachita chidwi ndi ulemerero wawo. Utali pafupifupi 240 m, m'lifupi mamita 25, kutalika kwa waterline bwato sitima 18 m. (Koma magawo awa kuposa mu zaka pang'ono, kukula kwa "Titanic"). Awiri zimphona Mapasa anapezerapo mu 1906 ndi 1907 ankalemekeza. Iwo anapambana malo oyamba mu mpikisano yapamwamba ndi kumenya zolembedwa zonse liwiro.

Mukupanga "Cunard" ankanena za ulemu kupereka yankho chokwanira.

Tsoka la atatu ndi

"White Star Line" anakhazikitsidwa mu 1845. Pa liwiro golide Ine zinatsala ntchentche ku Britain kwa Australia. Kwa zaka zambiri, kampani ankalimbana ndi "Cunard". Choncho, pambuyo madzi adatchithisira, "Lusitania" ndi "Mauritania", ntchito kulenga ntchito wosangalatsa kuti upambana mpikisano brainchild chinali "Star Line" Akatswiri. Chigamulo chomaliza anapangidwa mu 1909. Kotero lingaliro la zitatu kalasi zombo "Olympic". Malamulo akutsatiridwa kampani "Harland Mapeto Wolfe."

Organization Izi Maritime ndi wotchuka padziko lonse kwa khalidwe la zipangizo umatulutsa, chitonthozo ndi apamwamba. patsogolo sanali mofulumira. Kangapo "Star Line anali" osati mawu koma zochita zake, kuti amasamala za makasitomala. Choncho, mu 1909, ndi kugunda kwa zombo ziwiri, sitima anaima pa madzi masiku awiri kuposa anatsimikizira zidazo. Komabe, atatu "Olympic" anavutika ndi matsoka. Chotengera woyamba mobwerezabwereza mu ngozi. Choncho, mu 1911, izo anakumana ndi cruiser "Hawke", imene analandira dzenje 14 mita nalowa kwa kukonza. Zowawa tsokali ndi "Titanic." Pansi pa nyanja, iye anali mu 1912. "Britannic" anapeza First World nkhondo, kumene iye ankasewera udindo wa chipatala, ndipo mu 1916 lotengeka ndi mgodi German.

nyanja chozizwitsa

Tsopano tikhoza kunena kuti zokhumba chachikulu akhala chifukwa panali ngozi ya "Titanic."

Yomanga lachiwiri la atatu kalasi "Olympic" makhoti opanda ovulala. Project timu 1,500. The zinthu zinali zovuta. Concern chitetezo sikokwanira. Chifukwa chakuti tinayenera kuchita ntchito pa msinkhu, zambiri omanga kukhumudwa. Pafupifupi 250 anthu anavulala kwambiri. Mabala Eyiti amuna anali atakwatirana ndi moyo.

Miyeso ya "Titanic" kugunda. kutalika kwake kunali 269 m, m'lifupi 28 m, kutalika kwa 18 m. Chimakhudza liwiro la 23 mfundo.

Pa tsiku limene ngalawa akupita pansi pa madzi, pa padoko anasonkhana 10 000 oonera, amene anali VIP-alendo ndi atolankhani kuona chotengera yaikulu kwambiri,

Ndiye ife kupitiriza ntchito mkati mwa sitimayo.

Izo poyamba tsiku la ndege analengeza. Kusambira wakhala inakonzedwa March 20, 1912. Koma chifukwa kugunda kwa chotengera woyamba mu September 1911 ya cruiser ndi "Hawke" mbali ya ogwira ntchito za unasamutsidwira "Olympic". Makinawa ndege kulephereka kwa April 10. Kuyambira pachiyambi fateful wa nkhani ya "Titanic."

fateful tikiti

wamtali ukugwira kwa khumi ndi nyumba, ndi utali anali anayi a mzinda. Matelefoni zikepe, mwini magetsi gululi, munda, kuchipatala, masitolo - zonse aikidwa pa chombo. zipinda kaso, chabwino odyera chodyera, laibulale, kusambira dziwe ndi masewero olimbitsa thupi - zonse analipo olemera, anthu m'basimo woyamba kalasi. makasitomala ena anakhala modzichepetsa. The matikiti kwambiri mtengo ndalama, lotembenuzidwa pa mlingo kuwombola lero, oposa 50 000 dollars. Economic Baibulo la $ 100.

Mbiri ya "Titanic" - ndi nkhani ya zigawo zosiyana za ndiye anthu. Wokondedwa kanyumba wotanganidwa ndi bwino, odziwika bwino umunthu. Matikiti anagula lachiwiri kalasi akatswiri, atolankhani, mamembala a atsogoleri achipembedzo. adzikometsa yotsika mtengo kwa alendo.

Kubzala anayamba pa 9:30 am pa April 10 London. Akaleka angapo inakonzedwa zapamadzi kupita ku New York. Okwana bolodi pansi kuti anthu 2208.

msonkhano movutika

Chikadzangotha kuchoka ku nyanja gulu anazindikira kuti chombo palibe zoyang'anira. Chinsinsi bokosi limene anali, panalibe. chombo tiyenera njira otetezeka. osankhika ake malingana ndi nyengo. M'chaka madzi anali odzaza namkholowa, koma iwo theoretically akhoza kwambiri kuwononga zapamadzi. Komabe, woyendetsa analamula kuti kuyendetsa pa "Titanic" awiriawiri onse. Pamene ngalawayo Amira, limene, mogwirizana ndi eni, kunali kosatheka kumira, kenako anauza anthu, amene anali mwayi kuti apulumuke.

Woyamba, chilikupita masiku anali chete. Koma ntchito April 14 wailesi analandira machenjezo obwerezabwereza za namkholowa amene akunyalanyaza. Komanso, kutentha usiku ndi mmene adatchithisira. Monga amadziwika, timu anachita popanda zoyang'anira, ndipo chotero sitima zazikulu sanali okonzeka ndi floodlights. Choncho vperodsmotryaschy ndinaona madzi oundana mamita 650 okha. mwamunayu anapereka chizindikiro mlatho, kumene wapolisi woyamba Murdoch anapereka kuti: ". Tiyeni n'zosiyana" "Zungulirani Kumanzere" ndipo Pambuyo lamulo, "Kulondola." Koma chotengera hulking wakhala akuchedwa Papayu ndi. Board inawombana ndi madzi oundana ndi. N'chifukwa chake panali ngozi ya "Titanic."

Osati kumva zowawa kuitana

The zipolowe chinachitika pa 23:40, pamene anthu anali pafupifupi onse mtulo. Pa sitimayo chapamwamba nkhonya zinali zosaoneka. Koma pansi wokongola amadabwa. Ice holed 5 m'madipatimenti, nthawi yomweyo anayamba kudzaza ndi madzi. Ambiri, una kutalika anali mamita 90. Mlengi Tomás Endryus anati kuwonongeka ngati ngalawa adzakhala chabe pa ola. oyendetsa mwakonzekera achoke mwadzidzidzi. Radio ntchito popereka ndi SOS.

Woyendetsa analamula kuti kuika bwato mu akazi ndi ana. Gulu nayenso anafuna kupulumuka panyanja mbanvu ananyamula nkhafi. Makamaka anathawa okwera wachuma wa "Titanic." Koma mwayi onse sikokwanira.

Kuyambira pachiyambi, zapamadzi sanali mokwanira zida zonse zofunikira. The pazipita akhoza kupulumutsa anthu 1,100. Mu mphindi loyamba zinali zomvetsa mosadziwa, Sitima inayamba kupita pansi, okwera omasuka sanamvetse zimene zinali kuchitika, ndipo monyinyirika ndinakwera mu theka kanthu bwato.

Mphindi otsiriza a chozizwitsa sitima

Pamene zapamadzi kwambiri wopindidwa mphuno, kuchuluka mantha misa mwa m'basimo.

The m'kalasi yachitatu ya kumanzere anatseka mbali yake. Ziwawa itayamba, ndipo anthu ena anayesa kuthawa monga akanathera mantha. Security anayesa zinthu kuti ndi mantha akatemera khamu la mfuti.

Pamene tikudutsa pafupi Sitima "California," koma iye sanamvere muitana thandizo kuchokera chotengera pafupi. Anagona posts wailesi woyendetsa. Ngati wamira "Titanic" ndi changu chimene iwo anapita pansi okha "Carpathia" anadziwa kuti liwiro pazipita kupita ku iwo.

Ngakhale 'chizindikiro cha masautso anayeserapo yawoyawo angapewe anapitiriza. Mapampu madzi amawapopa akali magetsi. Pa 2:15 kugwa chitoliro. Komanso, magetsi azima. Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti chombo chinang'ambika pakati, chifukwa mphuno wa madzi adapindulapo ndi kumira. Forage woyamba ananyamuka, ndiyeno kuthamanga zolakwa zake kulemera galimoto.

Kukuzizirira phompho

Mphuno anali kumira kudya. Dyetsani kwa mphindi zingapo ndipo anapita pansi madzi. Koma pamene casing ake, pokhala mipando chinayandama pamwamba. Pa 2:20 zinasinthiratu madzi chombo chachikulu "Titanic." Pamene ngalawayo Amira, lero kusonyeza ambiri mafilimu mbali ndi mabuku.

Ena okwera anali akuyesera kupulumuka. Tinali kulumpha mu zamphepo mu wakuda phompho. Koma nyanja chifundo kwa munthu. Pafupifupi onse chisanu ndi imfa. Patapita nthawi ngalawa ziwiri anabwerera, koma moyo pa zochitika anali muyezo. Patatha ola anabwera "Carpathia" ndipo anatola amene anakhalabe.

Pamodzi ndi kapitao chombo anapita pansi. Anapulumutsidwa anthu 712 kuchokera onse amene anagula tikiti kuti "Titanic." Kuphetsa 1496 anali makamaka akuluakulu a kalasi lachitatu, anthu ofuna ulendo kukhudza chinachake kuti chichitike, ndipo mudapempha.

chisokonezo m'zaka

Awiri "Olympic" kalasi chotengera anamanga ntchito limodzi. Pambuyo sitima yoyamba anachoka mu kusambira, ine ndinakwera kunja mavuto ake. Choncho, kasamalidwe anaganiza kuti awonjezere "Titanic" zina. Yafupika malo kuyenda, ife anawonjezera cabins awiri. Kwa odyera Ufumuyo cafe. Kuteteza okwera kwa nyengo yoipa, sitimayo chinatsekedwa. Chifukwa ndi kusiyana chabe, ngakhale m'mbuyomu zinali zosatheka kusiyanitsa ku zapamadzi "Olympic".

Version zimene "Titanic" pansi madzi osati mwamwayi, anaulura Robin Rardiner, Mac pankhani ya panyanja. Malingana ndi chiphunzitso chake, inkayenda okalamba ndi kumenyedwa "Olympic" watumidwa.

chombo Changeling

Sitima yoyamba unayambitsidwa popanda inshuwalansi. Popeza ngozi zingapo, anakhala katundu zosasangalatsa kampani. kukonza Permanent amafuna ndalama yaikulu. Pambuyo kuvulazidwa zovulazidwa kreyseom chombo anandibwezeranso tchuthi. Ndiye anaganiza m'malo chombo chakale ina kuti anali otetezeka ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi "Titanic". Pamene ngalawayo Amira, imathamanga, koma anthu ochepa kuti pambuyo tsoka la kampaniyo "White Star Line" analandira malipiro chonse.

Konzani ngoziyo inali zovuta. zombo onse anali pa malo omwewo. "Olympic" kukonza zowonongeka zodzikongoletsera anamanganso sitimayo ndi glued dzina latsopano. Zigamba dzenje wotchipa zitsulo amene imafoola m'madzi.

kutsimikizira chiphunzitso

umboni Kwambiri zoti Yesu Baibulo pali angatsutse mfundo. Mwachitsanzo, chakuti tycoons dziko ndi bwino, olemera ndi zikuchepa chosalungama anasiya ulendo yaitali dzana. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali mwini wake wa Yohane Pierpont Morgan. makasitomala 55 okha matikiti woyamba kalasi zimafika. zojambula zonse zamtengo wapatali zachotsedwa kuchokera zapamadzi, ndi zodzikongoletsera, m'matangadza golide ndi chuma. Pali lingaliro kuti m'basimo yopambana "Titanic" kudziwa chinsinsi.

N'zochititsa chidwi mkulu yoikidwiratu Edward John Smith, amene anali kupita ku "Olympic". Mobwerezabwereza, anaona kuti anali kuthawa komaliza mu moyo. Ozungulira mawu anazindikira kwenikweni, yoyendetsa sitima inali pafupi kupuma. Ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira kuti chilango chifukwa cha zolakwa zakale Commander m'chombo m'mbuyomu.

mafunso ambiri amayamba chifukwa chakuti mwamuna kapena mkazi woyamba wa William Murdoch, amene analamula kutembenukira kumanzere ndi kutembenukira kumbuyo. Yankho lolondola imeneyi adzakhala kupita molunjika ndi phatikizani mphuno yake. Mu nkhani iyi, "Titanic" pansi sakanakhala.

Temberero la Malemu ndi

Kwa zaka zambiri, panali nkhani imene inali pa bolodi chuma chachikulu. Pakati pawo ndi Malemu wa Farao Amenhotep mpenyi. Ngakhale 3000 zapitazo, mkazi ananeneratu kuti thupi lake lidzagwa m'madzi ndipo chidzakhala kwa zolira za anthu osalakwa amene anafa. Koma okayikira sakhulupirira ulosi woona, ngakhale zilibe amapatula sizikanatheka kuti chinsinsi cha "Titanic" sanabadwe anatsegula.

Pali Baibulo izi: ngoziyo anakonza suspend ndi luso chitukuko cha anthu. Koma mfundo imeneyi ngakhale zochepa ndithu kuposa nkhani Malemu lapansi.

Mabwinja kugona pa akuya mamita 3750. Kuti zapamadzi yemwe anachitika makumi imadumphira m'madzimo uku ikukupiza odzitukumula. Gulu la ofufuza wakhala mobwerezabwereza ndi Dzheyms Kemeron - mkulu filimu filimu yotchuka.

Mu zaka zapitazo, ndi zinsinsi za "Titanic" akadali chidwi ndi chimwemwe anthu.