Anesthetist - ndani izi ndi zimene ndi maudindo?

Kwa zaka zambiri, anthu akhala akuyesetsa kuchepetsa ululu akuwuka kwa "kulanda", mwachitsanzo, panthawi ya opaleshoni ku thupi. Panopa ntchito imeneyi amagwira ntchito katswiri monga dzanzi.

ndi ndani?

Dzanzi - ndi munthu oyenerera amene chinkhoswe mu mitundu yonse ya mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi pa popanga munthu opaleshoni, ululu, mantha ndi zinthu zoopsa zimene zinam'chitikira.

Ndi dokotala izi ndi udindo umoyo wa wodwalayo pa mankhwala, ndi udindo kusankha mankhwala oletsa ululu kwambiri otetezeka ndi omasuka.

Dzanzi osati mu mankhwala oletsa ululu kwambiri, komanso amaonetsetsa kuti wodwalayo mu nthawi ya opaleshoni. Iwo anati dokotalayo wodwalayo mphamvu ya kulamulira pambuyo opaleshoni ndi chikhalidwe chake mu nthawi postoperative.

A mbiri pang'ono

N'zosadabwitsa kuti dzanzi poyamba anaonekera mu Ages Middle. Komabe, njira mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi akhala ali, kunena wamng'ono, achilendo. Choncho, pa nthawi imeneyo ankagwiritsa ntchito njira akupitirizabe mtima pa mutu ndi chinthu cholemera. Pambuyo amadza, wodwala, ndithudi, anakomoka. Kuchepa kwa chikumbumtima ndipo anali ochititsa dzanzi. Mu chikhalidwe ichi, wodwala sadamve kwa nthawi yaitali kuti chinachitika naye nthawi imeneyi ndipo ankagwiritsa ntchito opaleshoni.

Zaka zotsatira, asayansi padziko lonse ntchito mwakhama kufufuza ndi chitukuko cha njira yodalirika ochititsa dzanzi. Ndipo kotero, mu 1864, odziwika bwino mano Thomas Morton woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito efa monga njira inhalation ochititsa dzanzi. Mwa njira, kwa nthawi nthawi ya anati "ochititsa dzanzi" ndi mbiri ndipo anali pang'ono ola angapo.

Mu mankhwala amakono, opaleshoni anabwera pamlingo wotere mkulu kuti dzanzi mosavuta kuwerengera nthawi ya mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi ndi kutanthauzira kwa wodwala aliyense payekha.

amafuna okhwima

Khalani dzanzi ndi kovuta. Ndipotu, kupatula pamaso lamulo la maphunziro apadera zachipatala, anati katswiri ayenera kudziwa mwangwiro monga thunthu anthu ndi Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa wa chamoyo.

Dzanzi uyenera kukhala odziwa kwambiri za maselo wagawo ndi ziwalo (kwa yomweyo matenda pakutchulidwa wa kupatuka mu mtima).

The yofunika ankaimba ndi madokotala ndiponso makhalidwe. Chotero katswiri ayenera kugwira ntchito mu mavuto, bwino zochita zinthu zachilendo. Komanso, Anesthesiologists Russia amasiyana makhalidwe ofunika kwambiri monga ena ndi achifundo wodwalayo.

Mwachibadwa, ntchito ya dzanzi ndi Mmishonale amafunika kuphunzitsidwa mosalekeza ndi kupeza zinthu zatsopano zokhudza kumayambiriro umisiri watsopano ndi kupanga mankhwala amakono.

Nchito ndi maudindo

Dzanzi - dokotala amene chofunika pofuna kupewa ngozi mtima pa opaleshoni. Pa nkhani imeneyi, anati katswiri pamaso kupatsidwa ulemu wa mankhwala oletsa ululu ayenera ankadziwa ndi mbiri ya matenda wodwalayo, komanso wodziwa kucheza ndi iye ndi kuyendera (ngati n'koyenera). dokotala ayenera kupeza ngati wodwalayo ali ndi matenda alionse aakulu (mwachitsanzo, mtima kapena matenda a m'mapapo), chifuwa kuti mankhwala ena.

Only patapita Kuphunzira bwinobwino umunthu wodwala matenda ake akuyamba chachikulu ntchito dzanzi.

Komanso, katswiri wodziwa adzadzipereka wodwalayo kuti aone tilinazo, amene angatithandize kuchepetsa liwuli matendawo aliyense pa ntchito ndipo pakutha pa ochititsa dzanzi.

Amene anasankha ochititsa dzanzi?

Aliyense akudziwa izo, mu kuchita, ntchito mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi: m'deralo, ambiri ndi msana (amatchedwanso epidural ndi). Komanso, mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi chimasiyana malinga ndi njira M'mawu ake oyamba mu thupi, chiwerengero cha mankhwala, komanso ntchito kosiyana ntchito. Iwo dzanzi amasankha yoyenera kwambiri kwa mtundu makamaka mtima wa mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi.

Mwa njira, nthawi zambiri pa ntchito ya ntchito ndi mankhwala ochititsa ambiri, imene imakhudza imfa wathunthu wa chikumbu mtima. Dzanzi pamene anali jekeseni kudzera m'mitsempha masekondi 10 wodwalayo wotaya kutsitsimuka. jekeseni mlingo amadziwikanso masamu anati dokotala zochokera zovuta ndi nthawi ya opaleshoni zoopsa.

mankhwala oletsa ululu pamalopo ntchito zambiri mu mano. Pamene ntchito njira imeneyi pansi pa amaundana malo enieni a thupi la wodwalayo. Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo sadziwa.

mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi msana ndi ambiri adziwe za kugonana chilungamo, choncho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobereka, msana ndi ntchito matenda. The dzanzi anali jekeseni malo enieni a msana, ndipo patapita mphindi pang'ono wodwala tidzawukitsidwe kupwetekedwa.

Ngati inu ntchito mtundu uliwonse wa mankhwala oletsa ululu dokotala dzanzi oyang'anira, asaaonerera wodwalayo thanzi mu ntchito.

"Gray Cardinal"

Ngakhale kuti ntchito yokha amanyamula dokotala, anesthetist amanyamula yosaoneka pa Koyamba, koma ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Anesthetist - ndi munthu wa ophunzira ndi zochita lamanja imakhudza moyo ndi thanzi la wodwalayo.

Choncho, ngati pa ntchito ya alili chatsitsa, izo dzanzi amatenga mitsuko ziziyenda alili. Mkuluyo anati sangachitepo mozungulira kutikita mtima, ntchito zina mpumulo ululu, asiye kutuluka ndi zina zotero.

Komanso, ndi dzanzi pang'onopang'ono lingathandize wodwalayo mankhwala oletsa ululu ndipo akupitiriza kuyan'ana mkhalidwe wake thupi pambuyo ntchito.

Anesthetist kapena intensivist?

Monga tanenera kale, dzanzi - dokotala amene imakhazikika mu ululu kasamalidwe mtima pa opaleshoni. Ndipo ndani sing'anga ndi kuwatsitsimula?

Ngati inu wofufuza mbiri, tingathe kuona kuti mawu akuti "anesthetist" kuchokera Greek kwenikweni anamasuliridwa kuti "wopanda nzeru." Resuscitator yemweyo (anawamasulira kuchokera Greek yomweyo) - ndi "kubwerera ku moyo". Inde, ananena katswiri, osati akulowa mtima mudziko mankhwala, komanso zikugwira ntchito yobweretsa wodwala maganizo.

Choncho, ndi bwino kunena kuti katswiri amene amachita ndi mitundu yonse ya mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi pa opaleshoni ndipo anabweretsa moyo pambuyo opaleshoni - si chabe dzanzi, dokotala dzanzi.

ayamikira zofunika

Ziwayendere bwino ntchito makamaka zimadalira yosalala ndiponso wodziwa ntchito madokotala. Komabe, wodwalayo ayenera kutsatira malangizo ena.

Choncho, Anesthesiologists odziwa akulangizidwa isanafike aliyense kutsatira ntchito malamulo otsatirawa:

- osati sabata zochepa kuposa ina tsiku anafuna ntchito kuthetsa mowa ndi kuyesera kupereka kusuta;

- pamaso ntchito ndi kutiletsa kutenga "ndi aspirin", kuyambira mankhwala kangapo kumawonjezera magazi;

- kuti achotse ku zakudya za nyama mafuta ndi kudya ngati kuli kotheka kuti nkhuku, nsomba ndi mkaka;

- kukachitika kuti wodwala akudwala matenda a mitima kapena shuga, lekani kumwa mankhwala ndi dokotala;

- osati kubisala kuti mudziwe dokotala zokhudza kukhala zochita aliyense matupi awo sagwirizana ndi makhalidwe ena a chamoyo.

Compliance ndi malamulo amenewa angathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha zochitika mwadzidzidzi panthaŵi kupatsidwa ulemu wa mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi ndi opaleshoni ndipo mu nthawi postoperative.

Polongosola mwachidule

M'pofunika kwambiri anesthetist chamankhwala bungwe. Umboni za ntchito ya akatswiriwa asonyeza kuti kukhulupirirana kuti madokotala specialization izi ndi zoopsa. N'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa nthawi zina ndi kwa ubwino wa ntchito anachita Anesthetist palokha moyo ndi thanzi la wodwalayo.

Mawu oyamba a mankhwala, kuyan'ana mkhalidwe wa mtima, kuchepetsa pang'onopang'ono m'lingaliro, kukhazikitsa konzanso pambuyo opaleshoni - onse pa ntchito izi, tidzakwatulidwa anachita dzanzi. opaleshoni imatengedwa bwino kokha pamene gulu lonse la akatswiri (madokotala, Anesthesiologists ndi odwala mwakayakaya akatswiri ndi ndodo zina zachipatala) amagwira ntchito bwino, molondola ndi mwaluso.