Myra ku Lycia - ili svyatitelstva Nikolaya Chudotvortsa

Zolengedwa - mzinda wakale kuti tiyenera kumuyamikira chidwi Bishop Nicholas, yemwe anadzakhala woyera ndi chozizwitsa ntchito. anthu ochepa sunamve cha oyera kwambiri. Lero, iwo kuno kulambira kachisi, kumene kamodzi anatumikira, ndi kuyenda njira imene mapazi ake anaponda. Mkhristu wamkulu uyu anali ndi chikhulupiriro odzipereka, m'chikondi chosanyenga ndi changu cha kwa Mulungu. Wochita Zozizwitsa - kotero iwo ukutchedwa, chifukwa si zotheka kuti awerenge chiwerengero cha zozizwitsa kugwirizana ndi dzina la St. Nicholas ...

mzinda waulemerero

Sizikudziwika pamene Myra ku Lycia kupangidwa, koma pamaziko a ena mwa zolemba mabuku amafotokoza tingayembekezere kuti izi ndi za zana lachisanu. Lero, mu mzindawo kunapangitsa msewu watsopano Kasha - Fenike. Mu Calais dera pa 25 Km ndi ndalama mzinda ulemerero. Iye amadziwika ndi zochitika zambiri, mmodzi wa iwo - ndi Msonkhano wa St. Paulo ndi otsatira ake popita ku Roma. Izo zinali mu '60, mu masiku a Akhristu oyambirira.

Mu BC II atumwi. e. mzindawo unakhala pakati diocesan. M'chaka 300 BC. e. Iye anakhala Bishop wa Myra Nicholas, anabadwa mu Patara, kumene ankatumikira mpaka imfa yake mu 325. Pambuyo pa imfa ya Bishop Nicholas wa Myra posakhalitsa anazindikira kukhala woyera mtima, chifukwa Mulungu analemekeza maonekedwe ake mozizwitsa ku kachisi wa. Tsopano mzindawo wakhala malo a Haji okhulupirira.

Kulambira zinthu zakale ndi zowoneka

Mpingo dzina la St. Nicholas, kumanda zambiri ofunika ima pamzere. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti amwendamnjira kulambira zinthu zakale, nenani cholakalaka kwa nthawi yaitali. Ngakhale, malinga ndi miyambo Orthodox, si koyenera kuima kwa mphindi zingapo pa kachisi, ndi kuchedwa ndi mzake mokwana ndi kulambira zotsalira za oyera ndi maganizo kupempha kupembedzera ndi thandizo.

Chilakolako ayenera osakhala odzikonda ndi kudzikonda kutumikira, ndi lalikulu, chinthu chofunika kwambiri kwa Mkhristu - ndi chipulumutso cha moyo. zopempha zonse zikhoza kupangidwa mu nyumba ya pemphero, ndipo pa kachisi ndi zotsalira za woyera mtima kufunsa tisaiwale kuti zimene zinanenedwa mu pemphero mseri.

The mzinda wa ulemerero wa Myra ku Lycia ali zokopa ambiri. Ndi gawo la chitaganya cha Lycia wakale. Kufupi ndi nyanja. Malinga ndi nthano, doko Andraca mtsinje wotchedwa Andriake, anafika m'mphepete mwa Mtumwi Paulo asananyamuke ku Rome. Mwachirengedwe, mzinda inali pafupi masiku Turkey m'tauni ya Demre (Kale - Antalya Province).

Mabwinja a masiku amakedzana

dzina a m'tawuni ya Myra ku Lycia amachokera ku mawu "mule" - utomoni zofukiza. Koma pali buku lina: mumzinda wotchedwa "Maura" ndipo analengedwa Etruscan. Kumasulira, amatanthauza "malo Amayi mulungu." Koma ndiye lasintha phonetic, zotsatira zake n'zakuti dzina anabwera - wazolengedwa. Kuchokera wakale mabwinja mzinda wa bwalo lamasewera (Agiriki ndi Aroma) ndi manda mu miyala, ndi wapadera chimene chili chakuti ali m'malo okwezekawo. Ndi miyambo yakale ya anthu a Lycia. Choncho akufa ayenera luchshvozmozhnost kupita kumwamba.

Monga mumzinda waukulu, Myra ku Lycia kuyambira nthawi ya Theodosius II unali likulu la Lycia. The III-II zaka BC. e. iye anali nawo ufulu timbewu ndalama zake. kuchepa anabwera m'ma VII. Ndiye mzinda anawonongedwa pa anawazunza ndi Arab ndi matope anasefukira mtsinje Miros. Mpingo, nayenso, mobwerezabwereza anawonongedwa. Makamaka kwambiri kuti linasweka mu 1034.

obisika Education

Pambuyo Byzantine Mfumu Constantine IX Monomakh ndi mkazi wake Zoey Dali malangizo kumanga kuzungulira makoma mpingo ndi kusintha mu amonke. Mu May 1087 amalonda Italy analanda zotsalira zimene wa m'busa, natengedwa iwo Bari. Apa Nikolay Chudotvorets wa Myra anatsimikizidwa woyang'anira woyera wa mzinda. Malinga ndi nthano, pa kutsegula kwa zotsalira za amonke Italy anamva fungo zokometsera mule.

Mu 1863 agulupa anagulidwa mwa Alexander II. Ntchito inayambika kwawo. Koma posakhalitsa iwo anaimitsidwa. Mu 1963 pa dera la obisika kuti una, chifukwa cha zomwe anapeza mtundu zithunzi za nsangalabwi - zotsalira za zojambula pakhoma.

Kulambira Myra Chudotvortsa Nikolaya

Kwa Akhristu, mzinda ali ndi amtengo wapatali kwambiri. Ndipo alitcha Orthodox St. Nicholas, tsiku la chikumbutso limene kumakumbukulidwa pa December 19. Ndi wamkulu chozizwitsa ntchito, amadziwika chitetezero ake othamanga ndi chitetezo kwa ana. Makamaka ana amasiye, apaulendo ndi amalinyero. Pakuti ambiri dzanja woyamba kapena maphunziro, kapena thandizo. Ambiri otchuka nkhani ya zozizwitsa kugwirizana ndi woyera.

Pa moyo wa mbusa kupulumutsidwa mtsikana wa ukwati manyazi chifukwa udindo wa bambo. Ndipo posachedwa alongo ake. Iye anaponya thumba la ndalama za golidi pawindo pamene udali usiku. Odala bambo anatha kuthetsa mavuto onse imachepa komanso kuteteza ana ukwati chifukwa cha ndalama.

Anthu ambiri anachiritsidwa pa kachisi wa woyera. Mumadziwika nkhani ya kulamulira namondwe panyanja ndi Nicholas kupulumutsa m'chombo kuchokera likumira.

nkhani wotchedwa "Ataima Zoe" chinachitika mu Russia. Izo zinachitika mu masiku a USSR. Koma apa, St. Nicholas wa Myra adadziwa monga adherent okhwima Orthodoxy.

Miyambo ndi modernity

Mu mwambo Western, St. Nicholas anakhala zinachitika kulenga Fairy-nthano ngwazi Santa Claus. Iye amaona ngati mtetezi wa ana, iye akubweretsa mphatso pa Khirisimasi usiku.

Kumene, pa kaonedwe ka okhulupirira ndi mwano pa chithunzi cha woyera mtima, amene anakhala eccentric, amakhala ku Lapland, atachotsedwa malonda coke ndi amavala jekete wofiira. A ambiri alendo odzacheza magombe Antalya a ndinu n'komwe kuti pali maola awiri okha m'malo oyera kupemphera ndi kufunsa wapamtima kwambiri, popanda, chonde musati sizikugwiridwa.

Kuyambira kale zotsalira mzinda woyera pang'ono, monga makampani ano ntchito zokopa alendo akusokoneza umboni wamphamvu pa zonse, kupanga ngakhale malo chete mu mtundu wa Disneyland. Kale pa njira ku kachisi, kumene ankatumikira kamodzi Bishopu wamkulu wa Myra Wonderworker, alendo nawo lalikulu pulasitiki Santa, pokumbukira maholide Chaka Chatsopano. Kale, pafupi ndi mpingo, akuyima chithunzi cha Nikolaya Ugodnika wa Mulungu, kalembedwe ovomerezeka.

Chete ndi mtendere malo awa Tingaone mu nyengo yozizira. Mpingo wa St. amachititsa zomverera yamuyaya. Ndizachisoni kuti zotsalira za Nikolaya Ugodnika ali Bari.

A ulendo wa zolengedwa yoperekedwa iliyonse hotelo pa gombe. Ndipafupifupi madola 40-60. maulendo ambiri adzatenge nkhomaliro ndi atakwera sitima kuti. Kekova kuona mabwinja akale.

St. umunthu

Sam Nicholas anabadwa mu Patara. bambo ake ndi mayi - Theophanes ndi Nonna - anachokera apamwamba. Nicholas banja anali wolemera kwambiri. Koma, ngakhale kuti akhoza moyo wapamwamba, makolo anali odzipereka ku moyo woyera Mkhristu Mulungu. Wokalamba, iwo analibe ana, ndi kuyamika kokha mapemphero ochokera pansi pa mtima ndi kulonjeza wopereka mwana Mulungu Yehova anawapereka osangalala kukhala makolo. Mu ubatizo, mwana dzina lake Nicholas, kutanthauza mu Greek - kupambana anthu.

Malinga ndi nthano, m'masiku oyambirira a mwanayo kusala kudya pa Lachitatu ndipo Lachisanu, kukana mkaka mayi. Mu unyamata, oyera tsogolo anakonda kwambiri ndi luso mu sayansi ndi. Sizinanditengere zosangalatsa kanthu lililonse anzake. zonse zoyipa ndi ochimwa linali lachilendo. Nthawi zambiri ndi wokonda moyo wodzimana wamng'ono anakhala kuwerenga kwa Lemba ndi pemphero.

Pambuyo pa imfa ya makolo ake Nicholas anakhala wolandira ndalama zochuluka zazikulu. Komabe, zilibe chimwemwe wofanana ndi kupezeka pa chiyanjano ndi Mulungu.

unsembe

Iye anadzozedweratu wansembe, St. Nicholas ndi Wonderworker wa Myra anakhala kwambiri okhwima wokonda moyo wodzimana moyo. zochita zawo Bishop mobisa ankafuna kuchita monga adalamulira mu Uthenga Wabwino. Kuyambira kuchita izi mu dziko la chikristu anapita mwambo kuti ana pa Khirisimasi m'mawa mphatso, amene anabweretsa mobisa usiku Nicholas, imene West amatchedwa Santa Claus.

Ngakhale malo apamwamba, mkulu Nicholas anakhalabe ndi chitsanzo cha kudzichepetsa, chikondi ndi kudekha. zovala M'busa anali osavuta, unadorned. St. Chakudya chake chinali chochepa, ndipo iye analandira kamodzi pa tsiku. Mbusa konse anakana thandizo ndi malangizo. Tikutumikira bishopuyo anali kuzunza Akristu. Nicholas komanso ena ambiri, chinaperekedwa kwa wozunzikirapo, ndipo anamangidwa m'ndende mkulu wa Diocletian ndi Maximian.

Njira sayansi

maphunziro Radiological apeza zimatsimikizira kuti kukhalapo kwa zotsalira zizindikiro zikusonyeza kuti woyera wa Myra inali nthawi yaitali achinyezi, ozizira ... komanso maphunziro radiological a zotsalira za zotsalira Nikolaya Chudotvortsa (1953-1957), chinapezeka kuti iconographic fano ndi chithunzi chithunzi lifanane ndi maonekedwe a , ankamangidwanso chigaza kuchokera m'manda mu Bari. Growth wonderworker anali 167 cm.

Mu zaka mwachilungamo zapamwamba (zaka 80) Nikolay Chudotvorets adachoka kwa Ambuye. kalembedwe Old, lero imagwera pa December 6. Ndipo njira ina - ndi Mirach 19. Temple alipo lero, koma akuluakulu Turkey analoledwa kukachititsa misonkhano kamodzi pachaka, pa 19 December.