Mitedza ya phwetekere imayambira. Kodi kusamalira phwetekere zimayambira bwanji?

Panopa, alimi amalima amakonda mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phwetekere. Ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa iwo amakhala odzichepetsa komanso osavuta kusamalira. Pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato nthawi zambiri imadutsa ndi kupondaponda. Ndi chiyani, ndi momwe angakulire? Mafunso awa ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Zambiri zadzidzidzi

Shtambovymi amatchedwa tomato amene safuna pasynkovaniya ndi kukhala wozungulira mawonekedwe ndi pafupifupi kukula kwa chipatso. Mizu ya zomera izi sizowona, koma thunthu lawo ndi lakuda, lokhazikika ndi lokhazikika. Mitengo ya tomato yotereyi ndi yaing'ono, choncho kumadera amodzi akhoza kubzalidwa kawiri ndikumanga bwino kwambiri. Zomerazi sizingathe kupota, koma pansi pa kulemera kwa zipatso zimatha kugona pansi. Pankhaniyi, iwo akupitirizabe kukula ndipo safuna kuyika zothandizira kapena garters ena.

Mitundu yonse ya phwetekere imakhala yosagonjetsedwa ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi nyengo, iwo ndi odzichepetsa ndipo samasowa madzi okwanira. Ambiri mwa tomatowa amabzalidwa pamtunda, choncho posankha zosiyana pa malo oyamba, muyenera kumvetsera kusamba kwa msinkhu wawo. Mbande za mitundu yozembera zimatha kugulitsidwa mwapadera m'masitolo apadera ndi pamsika.

Kufotokozera

Sitampu mitundu ya tomato imakhala ndi chipatso chosungunuka. Mbali imeneyi imachulukitsa kwambiri kukula kwa mbewu osati kokha ku photosynthesis, komanso kuwonetseratu. Mphukira zachikazi kapena masewera amapezeka kawirikawiri patangotha masabata awiri mtsogolo kusiyana ndi zobirira kapena mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zili pafupi kuti zisamangidwe ndipo zimatenga zakudya zochepa kwambiri. Ndi chifukwa cha ana opeza omwe sakula bwino kuti phwetekere zimabereka zokolola zambiri, zomwe zimapindulitsa pambali ya mitundu ina.

Khungu la tomato ndi lochepa thupi, koma ndi lolimba kwambiri. Chomeracho chiri ndi thunthu limodzi, ndipo izi zimachepetsa kukolola. Dziweruzireni nokha, nthambi zawo siziletsa mipiringidzo, kotero munthu akhoza kumasuka pakati pa zomera ndi zipangizo zamakono. Katemera wotere amalekerera bwino kayendetsedwe ka mankhwala ndipo akhoza kusungidwa kutentha kwa masiku 20-25.

Kulima

Nthawi zambiri phwetekere zimakhala bwino. Ogorodniki amakula ndichisangalalo. Mbande za tomato zotero musatambasulire ndipo musagwe pansi pa kulemera kwa masamba. Kuphatikiza apo, zimakhala zabwino chifukwa zingathe kukhala wamkulu ngakhale m'nyumba, pamagalasi a galasi ndi loggias, komanso pazitsulo za nyumba zapakhomo, pogwiritsa ntchito miphika ya maluwa.

Maphunziro a tomato a tomato amafalikira patalika masentimita 27-37 kuchokera pakati pawo, ndipo pakati pa mizere imachoka pamtunda wa masentimita 55 mpaka 65. Kuti zomera zisinthe, siziyenera kuthiriridwa ndi kudyetsedwa, makamaka kwa nayitrogeni feteleza. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti mitundu yayitali imatha kuuluka mu mphepo yamphamvu, pomwe zimakhala zotsutsana ndi zinthu zosautsa, kotero zimatha kubzalidwa bwino.

Kuthamanga mwamsanga tomato

Mitengo ya tomato imasiyana mosiyana ndi yakucha. Tenga, mwachitsanzo, mwamsanga mwimba Boni-M. Ichi ndi chitsamba chamadzi, chokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 25-35, kukolola patapita masiku 80-85 kuchokera nthawi ya zikamera. Mitunduyi siidabzalidwe mnthaka ngati mawonekedwe omaliza. Mbeu zabwino za tomato zikhoza kufesedwa nthawi yomweyo pansi. Zipatso za Boni-M zosiyanasiyana ndizochepa kwambiri, zimakhala zonunkhira komanso zokoma. Ali ndi zofiira zofiira komanso mawonekedwe ophwanyika. Chiberekero chimodzi chimakhala cholemera 65-85 g, koma zitsanzo zimabwera kufika 220 g.

Mitundu yoyambirira imaphatikizapo tomato wa Bushman. Amapindula kwambiri chifukwa chakuti amalekerera kwambiri chilala ndipo akhoza kukhala nthawi yaitali popanda ulimi wothirira. Ichi ndi chomera chokongola, cholimba komanso champhamvu, chomwe msinkhu wake umakafika masentimita 55. Zipatso za Bushman ndizopakatikati, zozungulira. Amayeza pafupifupi 110-130 g, ndi kuthirira madzi okwanira 250 g.Tatimate izi zimakhala ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri: maonekedwe okongola, okoma kwambiri komanso kanthawi kochepa.

Mitundu yakucha

Ndi tomato Denis. Kutalika kwa chitsamba ndi 35-55 masentimita. Imeneyi ndi chipatso chachikulu cha phwetekere, chipatso chimodzi cholemera 250-300 g, ndizo shuga, koma sichimaswa, zimakhala ndi mtundu wa pinki ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Ngakhale kuti zipatso zimakhala zazikulu, chomeracho sichitanthauza kuti pasyning kapena garters, chifukwa chitsamba champhamvu chimatha kusunga katundu wotere. Chofunika kwambiri cha zosiyanasiyana ndi kukana tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.

Gulu lotsatira ndi Lion Heart. Chomerachi chimakhala cha 55-63 masentimita chikugonjetsedwa kwambiri kuti chigonjetsedwe ndi kuchepetsedwa kochedwa. Zipatso zake zimakhala zofiira kwambiri, osati zowonongeka. Zimakhala zosalala komanso zowuma. Zipatso zikuluzikulu ndipo zimakhala zolemera kuchokera ku 320 mpaka 420 g.

Mitundu yatsopano yotseguka

Ntchito zosankha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse. Choncho, chaka chilichonse pali zatsopano muderali. Matenda abwino kwambiri omwe ayesedwa kale kuti akhale otsegula pansi amakhala ndi zipatso zazikulu komanso masentimita 80. Izi zimaphatikizapo tomato Lubani, lipenga la Siberia, Uvalen. Komanso pazinthu izi, tomato atsopano, monga Flash, Pink Souvenir, Sunny Bunny, Buyan, Blush wa Petersburg, Shustra, Mtsogoleri wa Redskins adzakwaniritsa.

Koma chofunika kwambiri pakati pa alimi a galimoto amatha kusangalala ndi tomato yotchedwa ultra-ripened ndi hybrids. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ikhoza kukula popanda mbande, ngakhale m'madera omwe chilimwe chimakhala chozizira komanso chochepa. Koma mbeu zabwino za tomato ziyenera kufesedwa kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, pansi pogona komanso nthaka yotentha. Pachifukwachi, mitundu ndi yoyenera, yomwe zipatso zake sizingapitirire 100-150 g, ndipo kutalika kwa tsinde la chomera ndi pafupifupi 50 cm. Tomato wotere nthawi zambiri samachita pasynkovaniyu, ndipo amatha kutenga mbewu zawo. Izi zikuphatikizapo tomato Buyan, Sunny Bunny, Flash, Duckling, Chikumbutso cha Pink.

Koma zowonjezera, mbeu zokololazo sizikulimbikitsidwa kubzala, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosasinthika ndipo sizimasamutsa zamoyo zonse zoyambirirazi. Choncho, n'zosatheka kukula tomato kwa iwo. Mitengo ya phwetekere yotchulidwa kuti imabzala pansi kuchokera pakati pa hybrids zomwe zimatha kukula ngakhale pafupi ndi likulu la kumpoto: Red Red, Ninulya, Shustry, Katya, Solerosso, Blush wa Petersburg. Palinso zisanayambe kusakanizidwa ndi zipatso zazikulu masekeli 200 kapena kuposerapo. Izi zikuphatikizapo Gayas Bekseev ndi Lucky. Zonse za pamwamba pa phwetekere zimayambira bwino mu greenhouses.