Concept ndi mitundu ya misonkho

State umakhudza chuma kudzera zosiyanasiyana levers zachuma. Msonkho angakhale kuti anali mmodzi wa levers waukulu, kudzera zimene lamulo chuma chuma. Choncho, chifukwa kukhazikitsa yabwino kugwira ntchito zolimbana amagwiritsa osiyanasiyana misonkho.

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti vuto la zachuma pa dziko sizingatheke popanda ena mabungwe ena azachuma, omwe imakhudzanso dongosolo msonkho. Popeza kufunika kwa dongosolo la zachuma, tikhoza kunena kuti akamanena za misonkho lagona uziyenda bwino ndiponso yosalala ya levers mphamvu yonse ndi anthu, limene chingapezeke ndi kukwaniritsa dongosolo bwino cholinga msonkho. N'chifukwa chake chikhalidwe ndi msonkho mbali yofunika kwambiri mu moyo wa dziko lonse. Ngati tikulingalira mankhwala chuma msonkho, ndi popanda kukaika kuti misonkho zimaonetsa asapita ndalama m'dzikoli, anapeza kumene anayikidwa pa kutaya boma ndipo anatumiza zosowa kuvomerezedwa.

Choncho lingalirani mitundu ya msonkho zimene kulibe. Gawo Basic akhoza kuyamba ndi gulu la msonkho mwachindunji kapena kudzera m'njira zina. Direct misonkho - ndi msonkho katundu kapena msonkho samalipira (malonda ndi anthu). Mosadziwika, kupanga chisokonezo wa zinthu, ndipo chidzapatsidwa lolipiridwa ndi ogula mitundu yonse ya kulipira kwa katundu ntchito ndi ogula.

Mu kukhazikitsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana kapena ntchito zachuma, anapereka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya misonkho. Izi zidalira pa chikhalidwe cha msonkho ndi lingaliro ndi misonkho ndi padera mu tanthauzo makamaka.

Kotero, imodzi yofunika kwambiri ndi kachitidwe ka misonkho ndalama, ndicho adzapereke msonkho pa phindu kapena ndalama za mabungwe onse malamulo ndi anthu. Mu nkhani iyi, bungwe lalamulo chidzankhalira kuti msonkho wa kampani, ogwira ntchito kapena bungwe. Ngati ife kulankhula za mabungwe malonda, monga mabanki malonda, iwo kulipira msonkho.

Sitiyenera kutaya maganizo ndi katundu wawo amakhoma misonkho, ndi amene analinso msonkho wapatsidwa. Ichi ndi chifukwa mtengo wa malowo akhale amawasonyeza mosiyanasiyana bwanji phindu la kumalo a ntchito. Mtundu womwewo wa misonkho akhoza zimachitika msonkho pa zachilengedwe, zomwe mwina kusokoneza phindu choncho msonkho (msonkho phindu). Kwa zachilengedwe monga malo, madzi, nkhalango ndi zina zambiri. Choncho, misonkho ndi umene pamaziko a kopita, ndicho msonkho dziko, msonkho pa ndalama nkhalango, milandu madzi mu dera it.d.

Malipiro kwa dziko si nthawi zonse umene mu Russia, msonkho dziko anadza ku ntchito mu 1992, ndipo zinali chifukwa chakuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwaulere dziko umawononga osati chuma, komanso mitundu ina ya ntchito zachuma. milandu A madzi, monga ulamuliro, pali makampani mafakitale kuti ntchito zipangizo izi zolinga mafakitale.

Ponena za anthu, msonkho waukulu mu gulu ili ndi msonkho. Kwenikweni ake kwagona kuti potengera kuchuluka kwa ukuwonjezeka msonkho kapena amachepetsa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama. Izi zimathandiza kuti ntchito ndalama izi mapulogalamu zothandiza anthu. ndi zoika katundu misonkho amagwiranso ntchito kwa gulu ili la anthu.

Zonsezi pamwambapa imakhudzanso misonkho mwachindunji, koma ngati tikambirana misonkho mozungulira, waukulu pano ndi VAT (kufunika anawonjezera msonkho) ndi misonkho yosiyanasiyana excise. misonkho awa m'gulu la mtengo wa katundu. Pakati pake penipeni, ndi VAT - kusiyana pakati pa mtengo ndi chuma ndalama mlandu kwa ndalama za kumalo a ntchito.