Amaona kuchuluka kwa mudziwe

Kwa nthawi yoyamba mawu akuti "kudziwa" wakhala akufuna ndi nzeru ena akale ndi wakewu informatio - powunikira, ulaliki, kuzindikira. Komabe, mu mabwalo maphunziro adakali ndi kutsutsana komwe kulipo za yolondola wathunthu tanthauzo la mawu. Mwachitsanzo, wasayansi Klod Shennon, amene maziko a chiphunzitso cha mudziwe, amaona zomwe - izo anajambula kusamvetsa nkhani zokhudza chilichonse. The tanthauzo zosavuta "mudziwe" Zikumveka - ndi mlingo wa kuzindikira za chinthu.

Pofuna kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mfundo muyenera kukhala bwino ndi gulu la mudziwe wa zonsezi. Pali miyeso itatu ya mderali: syntactic, zamalankhulidwe ndi wanzeru. Tiyeni tione aliyense muyeso mmodzi:

1. A kanthu malembedwe ntchito ndi deta, sizisonyeza ubale zamalankhulidwe kwa chinthu. Zimenezi ukugwira mtundu media, njira ya ulaliki ndi 'kala' ikusonyeza, HIV ndi liwiro la processing zambiri.

Pankhaniyi, muyeso ndi kuchuluka kwa mfundo - kuchuluka kwa kukumbukira chofunika kusunga deta chinthu. mphamvu zambiri ndi wofanana ndi chiwerengero cha manambala a dongosolo bayinare imene kuyankhulana ndi yosiyanasiyana, ndipo amayezedwa Akamva.

Pofuna kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mfundo syntactic, amanena mfundo mphamvu zosagwiritsika ntchito - miyeso kumachitika boma dongosolo - ndicho, kudziwa zolinga za boma la zanyengo ndi boma la dongosolo lonse. Ndiye kuchuluka kwa mfundo - kusintha mu dongosolo amaona njakata, ndiye pali kusintha (kuchuluka kapena kuchepa) ndi mphamvu zosagwiritsika ntchito.

2. Mulingo zamalankhulidwe ntchito kudziwa deta zamalankhulidwe zili ndi anzake magawo lolingana mfundo wosuta ndi luso pokonza uthenga. Mfundo imeneyi imatchedwa kuti Mfotokozera Wamawu Ofananira wosuta. Ndi Mfotokozera Wamawu Ofananira kumvetsa anapereka zambiri zokhudza chinthu chimene ali dongosolo kapena wosuta. The pazipita kuchuluka kwa mfundo ndi maganizo a manenedwe zili choncho pamene ndalama zonsezo deta ndi bwino kwa wosuta kapena dongosolo - zikhoza kugwiridwa kudzera Mfotokozera Wamawu Ofananira alipo - choncho ndi mfundo wachibale.

3. wanzeru mudziwe muyeso amaona kufunika kwa mfundo kukwaniritsa cholinga makamaka. Lingaliro Izi wachibale mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi mphamvu ya dongosolo kapena wosuta ntchito zochepa deta kuti dera nkhawa. Choncho, m'pofunika kuyeza mfundo mfundo wanzeru lingaliro, mu mayunitsi chimodzimodzi ndi ntchito cholinga.

Ndi makhalidwe Mkhalidwe wa mudziwe monga zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

- representativeness - kusankha olondola ndi ulaliki wa mauthenga mulingo woyenera makhalidwe anasonyeza wa chinthu.

- yokulirapo - chiŵerengero cha mfundo zamalankhulidwe mu Muyezo wa buku la deta kukonzedwa.

- Kukwanira - pamaso pa osachepera chofunika kukwaniritsa mfundo cholinga positi kuimba.

- njira kuphedwa kulandira ndipo akatembenuka wosuta kapena dongosolo deta - Kupezeka.

- Kugwirizana - mlingo wa kuteteza mtengo wa mfundo chiphaso mpaka okonzeka ntchito.

- Timeliness - otaya zambiri mu nthawi amawathandiza.

- Zowona - mmene mfundo boma leni wa chinthu.

- Wodalirika - luso deta mudziwe kusonyeza akutsutsa zenizeni dziko ndi lolondola mwasankha.

- polojekiti - mudziwe malo amene amalola kuti avomere kusintha kwa nthawi deta pachiyambi, pokhalabe molondola chofunika.

Kumbukirani, uthenga ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa mphindi, kotero muyenera kudziwa za izo monga mmene ndingathere!