Trans-Siberia Railway: ziyembekezo chitukuko, phindu. Njira zopititsira patsogolo dzuwa la

Kunapangitsa m'zaka otsiriza Trans-Siberia Railway umadutsa dziko lonse ndi zikugwirizana kuti mbali European a Siberia ndi Far East. Izi zida bwino njanji msewu kwa zaka twente faifi, ndicho sitima nthambi ya Russia.

Yambani ntchito yomanga

chisankho pa ntchito yomanga njanji Siberia pa ndalama moponya zinapangidwa ndi boma tsarist mu 80 ntchentche za m'ma XIX. Mu 1887 Maulendo atatu anali m'magulu kufunafuna malo motorway kumanga mu South-Ussuri, West ndi pakati Siberia Baikal Railway. Yambani ntchito yomanga nkhani Trans-Siberia sitima kwa zaka 90 Mu zaka zapitazo. chosankha kuchita ntchito pa ntchito yomanga Wamkulu Siberia Way anapangidwa m'nyengo yozizira 1891 ntchito yomanga inayamba mbali ziwiri - kuchokera Vladivostok kuti Chelyabinsk.

Magawo waukulu atagona

Anamanga Trans-Siberia sitima, ziyembekezo za chitukuko cha zimene tsopano ambiri mu magawo angapo:

1. 1893 - pomanga msewu kuchokera ob mtsinje Irkutsk.

2. 1894 - chiyambi cha pomanga North Ussuri msewu.

3. 1897 - chiyambi cha ziyangoyango CER.

4. Chaka cha 1898 - analandira dziko ku ob kuti Krasnoyarsk.

5. 1900 - The chigamulo pa ntchito yomanga ndi Circum-Baikal Railway.

6. 1906 - imachitika kafukufuku kwa atagona Amur Mainline.

7. 1911 - kumanga malo Kirk - p. Mphepo ndi nthambi pa Blagoveshchensk.

8. 1916 - kutumidwa ya mlatho kudutsa Amur Mtsinje.

Kutalika kwa Trans-Siberia Railway kale mu zaka chinathandiza kukhala waukulu zoyendera mtsempha wamagazi a dziko. Koma pa Civil nkhondo, boma la msewu watsopano, mwatsoka, sakuyenda kwambiri. Iwo anali kuchichepetsa ndi kutentha kwambiri kwa timilato. Nthawi magalimoto ndi sitima anawonongedwa. Chikadzangotha nkhondo Komabe, tinayamba zikuluzikulu ntchito yobwezeretsa. M'nyengo yozizira 1924-1925,., Mwachitsanzo, Amur mlatho limzake. pa mzere kayendedwe inayamba mu 1925 ndipo anapitiriza mosalekeza mpaka lero.

Trans-Siberia Railway mu nthawi yathu

History of Trans-Siberia sitima ndi zonse zosiyanasiyana bwino. Mu Soviet Union, msewu ndi mwachangu anayamba ndi imatengedwa Onse-yomanga. Pakali pano, Trans-Siberia Railway ndi ya sitima amphamvu kwambiri pansi dziko. Mu Russia, izo amanyamula oposa 50% ya polumikizira zonse ndi katundu wa katundu. Transsiberian ndi awiri njanji inasangalatsa mzere, okonzeka ndi njira yamakono ya kukambirana ndiponso kudziwitsana. zida luso mzere akhoza kukwaniritsa matani oposa 100 miliyoni a katundu pa chaka pa pazipita chovomerezeka liwiro 90 km / h.

Ubwino wa mzere, kupatula china chilichonse, ndi yonena za kufunika kuwoloka malire aliwonse. Mwatsoka, ndi ubongo wa msewu zisakuyenda anayamba kutha. Ndipo limanena za kufunika modernize.

Trans-mzere zimaonetsa: kutalika kwa njira, matulukidwe

The utali wonse wa mundawo Trans ndi 10 zikwi. Km. Pa mphindi, ndi msewu yaitali mu dziko. Mu uthunthu wake inali mizinda 87, 14 umene ndi dera malo.

M'madera anali ndi msewu ndi anaikira 80% mwa makampani ndi mafakitale a boma m'munsi zinthu zachirengedwe. Kudzera Tranassib anaika za 30 maulendo a sitima yonyamula nsanamira mayiko ndi mkati. Zonyamula mkulu-liwiro mbali ya ulendo msewu umenewu, umene uli kupitiriza maukonde njanji European, ku Moscow kwa Vladivostok masiku 6.

Trans-Siberia Railway, ziyembekezo za chitukuko chimene yogwirizana kukula chonse angathe dziko la zachuma, m'maiko awiri: Europe (19.1% njira) ndi Asia (80.9%). Mu uthunthu wake ali okwerera 1852.

zinthu Natural wa Trans-Siberia Railway ndi mavuto obwera

Iwo inatsegula njira ya msewu mabacteria onse nyengo: steppe, steppe chipululu, nayonso. Kumpoto gawo mzere chimafikira mudera Madzi oundana (mwachitsanzo, pafupi ndi nyanja ya Baikal). Mavuto mogwirizana ndi ogwira ntchito sitima ndi kukwaniritsa izi:

• chiopsezo miyala obadwa kuchokera otsetsereka ndi zivomezi m'madera a mapiri;

• kufunika njira yothandizira chisamaliro pa kutentha akutsikira kwambiri m'madera nyengo chokhala;

• kufunika kwa msonkhano ambiri milatho;

• zonse kugwirizanitsa yanjinga Madzi oundana;

• wofunitsitsa kuthana ndi zotsatira za masika osefukira.

Choncho, zinthu zachilengedwe wa pa Trans-Siberia Railway tinganene kuti zovuta. Kuthana ndi zotsatira za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zachilengedwe njanji kuti kuwononga kwambiri ndalama.

ziyembekezo chitukuko

Pakali pano, ambiri a katundu kuchokera kum'maŵa mpaka kumadzulo chimadzera mwa nyanja. makampani madzi zoyendera kumva okhawo, choncho, nthawi zambiri zopanda, zingakweze mitengo mautumiki awo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ambiri shippers Trans-Siberia sitima kuoneka ngati zabwino njira kuti zoyendera nyanja.

Mu nkhani imeneyi, boma la Chitaganya cha Russia, limodzi ndi kasamalidwe ka njanji Russian, zachitika ya miyeso umalimbana chikusintha polumikizira angathe m'njira yapadera, monga Trans-Siberia Railway. Ziyembekezo za chitukuko amaonekera makamaka mfundo akumkondweretsa g / D misewu ku Russia mpaka 2030, koma 2015 kwa wamakono misewu wakhala anakhala rubles 50 miliyoni. Mpaka 2030, a Trans-Siberia Railway zakonzedwa kulenga zinthu yabwino kwa kayendedwe ka chidebe ndipo wina sitima zapadera. Komanso, Bungwe la Russian njanji magalimoto mfundo Kutsata anayamba kupanga panjira kwa nthawi mpaka 2020, amene amathandiza:

• mpikisano mitengo kupanga;

• zina kusintha kwa gulu zoyendera;

• kuwongolera utumiki;

• chitukuko cha umisiri kuti kupereka uthenga kwa makasitomala za malo ndi udindo wa katundu pompopompo;

• kuwonjezeka zokolola za madoko kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa kwa dziko;

• kulenga malo ano mmene kukumana ndi T. d.

Development mu 2016

General makhalidwe a Trans-Siberia Railway zoweruza za izo monga sitima kwambiri zingamuthandize mu dziko lathu lero. Kumayambiriro a 2016 kale akuyendera ya miyeso umalimbana ndi electrification mizere basi, kukhazikitsanso milatho una wa siteshoni lalikulu. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa makonde chitukuko Primorye Primorye-1 ndi 2, komanso gulu la kulankhulana pakati pa Korea ndi ku Russia.

Njira zopititsira patsogolo dzuwa la

Kutalika kwa Trans-Siberia Railway, mwatsoka, sizikutanthauza ake bandiwifi wabwino. vutoli anali kungasokoneze onse mosachotsera muzochitika za chuma, kuphatikizapo posts njanji. Choncho, mawu a nkhani gulu kuganizira pa mphindi chabe kuonjezera matulukidwe mphamvu thunthu. Pa nthawi yomweyo ikuchitika ntchito umalimbana makamaka:

• kuthetseratu vuto la mwadzidzidzi kukolola magalimoto aumwini njira anthu;

• kukopa ndalama pawekha payipi chitukuko zomangamanga;

• ogwira kuphatikiza aliyense akafuna zoyendera nawo ophimba pa.

Choncho waukulu njanji, yomwe ingathe msika lonse mu dziko tikuyembekezera mkulu - ichi ndi Trans-Siberia Railway. Ziyembekezo za chitukuko monga waukulu njira kuti zoyendera apanyanja panopa modabwitsa waukulu. Pankhaniyi, ntchito patsogolo pa amaonedwa kuchepetsa nthawi ya kayendedwe ka katundu ndi kuwongolera utumiki wa okwera ndi shippers.