Granite - katundu. Zida ndi kugwiritsa ntchito granite

Pakati pa malo onse a mapiri a Padziko lapansi, gulu lalikulu ndi magmatic, lomwe linapangidwa kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri m'nthaka ya mapiko a dziko lapansi. Kwa izo zimabweretsa chimodzi mwa zofunika Zida zomanga - granite. Zida za mwala uwu zakhala zikuphunzitsidwa kale ndi anthu. Izi zinapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi idagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga kale, ndipo ikugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha zipilala ndi zinyama zakale zidapulumuka kufikira nthawi zathu chifukwa chakuti zidapangidwa ndi granite. Maonekedwe ake apadera, makonzedwe okongola kwambiri ndi zothandiza kwambiri zimathandiza kuti mwala uwu ukhale wotchuka kwambiri.

Mavitamini a granites

Thanthwe ili limapangidwa chifukwa cha kulimbitsa magma mozama kwambiri. Zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwakukulu, kuthamanga, mpweya ukukwera kuchokera kutsika kwa dziko lapansi ndi kutuluka kwa madzi. Pogwiritsa ntchito izi, timakhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera, masewero a kuwala ndi mthunzi, zomwe timaziwona mwala uwu. Nthawi zambiri imakhala imvi, koma nthawi zina imakhala yofiira kapena yobiriwira. Zomwe zimadalira zimadalira kukula kwa mbewu zake. Ndiwotchedwa graar-grained , Pakatikati-grained ndi zabwino-grained (kwambiri Zosatha).

Mwala uwu nthawi zambiri umakhala wozungulira mozama, koma nthawi zina amabwera pamwamba. Mavitamini a granite amapezeka m'mayiko onse komanso pafupifupi m'mayiko onse, koma makamaka ku Siberia, Karelia, Finland, India ndi Brazil. Kuchotsa kwacho ndi kosavuta, chifukwa kumakhala ngati zigawo zazikulu, zomwe zimayendera makilomita angapo.

Maonekedwe a mwala uwu

Granite amatanthauza miyala ya polymineral yopangidwa ndi zinthu zingapo. Zambiri mwazimene zimapangidwa ndi feldspar, zomwe zimachititsa mtundu wake. Pafupifupi kotala imakhala ndi quartz, yomwe ikuphatikizidwa ndi mbewu zamtundu wa bluish. Granite ili ndi mchere wina (mwachitsanzo, Mpaka 10% mwa izo zikhoza kukhala tourmaline, mpaka 20% mica), komanso inclusions ya chitsulo, manganese, monazite kapena ilmenite.

Zomwe zimakhala za granite

Kuyenerera kwa mwala uwu kumatipangitsa ife kuyamikira tsopano nyumba zomangidwa za izo kale. Kodi katundu wa granite amachititsa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito?

1. Kukhazikika. Mabala abwino a granite amasonyeza zizindikiro zoyamba za abrasion patatha zaka 500. Chifukwa chake nthawi zina amatchedwa mwala wamuyaya.

2. Mphamvu. Granite amaonedwa kuti ndi yotetezeka kwambiri pambuyo pa mankhwala a diamondi. Zimagonjetsedwa ndi kupanikizika ndi kukangana. Izi zimafotokozedwa ndi zida za quartz, zomwe ziri mbali yake. Kuonjezera apo, zikuwonekeratu chifukwa chake mtundu uwu uli wamphamvu kwambiri atayankhidwa ku funso la kukula kwa granite. Ndizovuta kwambiri - pafupifupi matani atatu pa cubic mita.

3. Kulimbana ndi nyengo. Granite ikhoza kupirira kutentha kuchokera pa 60 mpaka 50 digiri Celsius. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri nyengo yozizira. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti malonda a granite samatayika katundu wawo pambuyo pozizira ndi kuzizira.

4. Kusagonjetsedwa madzi. Ndi chifukwa cha malo omwe granit ndi otero Kusagwedeza kwa mphepo. Choncho, ndi bwino kuti muyang'anizane nazo.

5. Ukhondo wa zachilengedwe. Granite imakhala yotetezeka kwambiri ndipo imakhala yotetezeka kuntchito iliyonse yomanga.

6. Kukaniza moto. Zinthuzi zimayamba kusungunuka pa 700-800 madigiri Celsius. Choncho, kupukuta nyumba zawo si zokongola zokha, komanso zimakhala zotetezeka.

7. Kusowa kosavuta, kugwirizana ndi zipangizo zilizonse za zomangamanga ndi kulemera kwa zojambula ndi mitundu zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira kwambiri popanga malo.

8. Kutsutsana kwa acids ndi bowa.

Granite processing

Ngakhale kuti ali ndi mphamvu ndi luso lalikulu la thanthwe, mwala uwu ukhoza kusinthidwa mosavuta. Ndizosavuta kumeta ndi kupukuta. Kawirikawiri lalikulu la granite limatseka, ma slabs kapena granite chips ndi mwala wopwanyika amabwera msika. Zimapangidwa ndi matayala, mapepala apamwamba komanso miyala. Kulemera kwa mawonekedwe a mwala wachilengedwe kumapangitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa granit kukuvomerezeka kuti zipangidwe za mkati. Maso okongola kwambiri osasinthidwa, akuyang'ana bwino. Wowonongeka kuti awone, amasonyeza ulemu wake wonse ndi kukongola kwake kwa mica inclusions. Pogwiritsa ntchito miyala, njira yothandizira ndi yochepetsera kuwala ndi mthunzi imapezeka. Ndipo mitundu ina ya granite imvi pambuyo pa kutentha kwa thupi kumakhala yoyera.

Mitundu ya granite

Pogwiritsa ntchito mchere ndi mbali ya granite, ndizofunikira kwambiri kumvetsetsa zida zamdima. Miyalayi imagawidwa m'magulu angapo: alaskite, leucogranite, biotite, pyroxene, alkaline ndi ena. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya miyala:

- Galaite ya Porphyry, yomwe imaphatikizapo zowonjezera mchere;

- Pegmatoid - imasiyanitsa mafananidwe a quartz ndi feldspar ;

- gneiss-like - uwu ndi mwala wofanana-bwino;

- Granite ya ku Finnish, yomwe imatchedwa rapakivi, imakhala ndi zofiira zofiira;

- yolembedwa - zosiyanasiyana zochititsa chidwi, mmenemo zimagawo za feldspar zimakonzedwanso ngati zolemba zofanana ndi zolemba zakale.

Posachedwapa, anayamba kugwiritsanso ntchito granite yopangira zinthu, yomwe inkawotchedwa dothi ndi miyala. Mwala uwu umatchedwa granit wa ceramic ndipo umakhala wotsika kwambiri mu zinthu zachirengedwe.

Mitundu ya miyala ndi mtundu

Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso granite zimadalira mtundu wake. Pachifukwa ichi, magulu angapo a thanthwe amasiyanitsa:

- Amazonite granite chifukwa cha green feldspar kulowa mumangidwe ake ali okongola bluish-mtundu;

- pinki wofiira ndi wofiira-leznikovsky - kwambiri wotalika;

- Mitundu yamphongo ndi yofala kwambiri, ndipo imatchula maina awo kuchokera kumalo otulutsidwa: Korninsky, Sofievsky, Zhezhelevsky;

- White granite ndi yochepa. Zosiyanasiyanazi zimaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana yobiriwira kapena ngale.

Ntchito ya granite

Mwala uwu wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka mazana ambiri kumanga ndi kuyang'anizana ndi ntchito. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti mitundu yake yabwino kwambiri imayamba kunyoza pokhapokha patatha zaka 500. Zimagonjetsedwa ndi zisonkhezero zosiyanasiyana ndipo zimakhala zotalika kwambiri. Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi granite zimathandiza kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pomanga. Kumene amapezeka mchere:

1. Zambiri ndi zipilala zimapangidwira.

2. Mphamvu zake ndi kukana kubwezeretsa kumalola kugwiritsa ntchito miyala kuti apange masitepe, pansi, makomo komanso ngakhale miyala.

3. M'mavuto ozizira nyengo, nyumba yofunidwa kwambiri ndi granite. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kubwezeretsanso nyumba komanso malo amodzi Pali nyengo yotentha kwambiri.

4. Mwala uwu umatha kusintha nyumba yanu kuchokera mkati komanso kunja. Okonza amagwiritsa ntchito bwino kuti apange zipilala, masitepe, mapiritsi apamwamba, mapepala apamwamba ndi zitsulo. Nyumba zamatabwa zimakhalanso nyumba zawo.

5. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa granite m'madzi osambira, malo osambira ndi akasupe ndi chifukwa chakuti sichidutsa madzi konse. Komanso sizimagonjetsedwa.

Granite mkati

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, mwala uwu wa zokongoletsera mkati umakhala wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Zimagwirizana bwino ndi zipangizo zonse: matabwa, zitsulo ndi zowonjezera - ndipo zimayenera kupanga nyumba iliyonse. Kuphatikizana ndi kukwera kwa makoma ndi pansi, granite ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ambiri m'nyumba. Mipangidwe yake imapangitsa mwala uwu kukhala wofunika kwambiri popanga zenera ndi potengera ku khitchini. Zimakhala zosavuta kusamalira, zimakhala zothazikika ndipo sizikuwonongeka chifukwa cha chinyezi komanso kutentha.

Granite imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pakukongoletsera mlengalenga. Njira kapena gazebo, yokhala ndi mwala uwu, sudzawopa zokhudzana ndi mlengalenga ndipo sudzaphwanya nthawi. Mitsinje yokongola ya maluwa, yopangidwa ndi iye, mwachitsanzo, mwadongosolo la munda wa miyala wa Japan kapena ngati mpanda. Ndizovuta kupanga kupanga curbs ndi masitepe, nayenso, kugwiritsa ntchito granite.

Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mwala uwu akhala akuphunzira kale. Ndipo idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi munthu kuyambira nthawi zakale. Pokubwera matekinoloje atsopano opangira, granit anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza, chifukwa zinatheka kuthetsa kukongoletsa kwake.