Miyalayo ndi ochuluka kwambiri mu chokhala kutumphuka magmatic intrusive thanthwe. Dzina la nkhaniyi kwambiri zachilengedwe chifukwa akuphatikizapo porous-tirigu (ku Latin granum -. "Tirigu"). Miyalayo amatanthauza mitundu acidic chifukwa chakuti lili wambirimbiri pakachitsulo woipa - SiO2. Komanso chinthu ichi m'gulu soda ndi lubwe, ndi magnesium, chitsulo ndi calcium. thanthwe ili ndi imodzi mwa cholimba, olimba ndi cholimba, kachulukidwe ake wofanana makilogalamu 2600 pa mita kiyubiki. M'nkhaniyi tiona zikuchokera lubwe, komanso ndikuuzeni inu za classifications alipo thanthwe kuulula katundu ndi makhalidwe.
Magwero a lubwe ndi malo yatsoka
Akukhulupirira kuti granites inakhazikitsidwa pa nthawi nthawi ya miyala mbiri pa dziko lonse lapansi. Mabaibulo a ankaona Mitundu iwiri ya chiyambi. Loyamba limati kuti lubwe aumbike chifukwa cha crystallization ndondomeko magmatic kusungunula. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso chachiwiri, kuonedwa ndi ife mwala unapangidwa mchikakamizo cha ultrametamorphism. Mothandizidwa kuthamanga, kutentha ndi madzimadzi kuuka kwa zigawo zozama za nthaka, yotengekatengeka granitisation ndondomeko. A ambiri miyala ya izi thanthwe heavy-ntchito, kuphatikizapo US, China, Brazil, Scandinavia ndi Ukraine. Mu dziko lathu, palinso wolemera miyala ya zinthu zachilengedwezi. Iwo zopezera quarries lubwe makumi asanu, kuphatikizapo Arkhangelsk ndi Voronezh m'madera komanso mu Caucasus. Nthawi zambiri pafupi anati madipoziti miyala osiyana, kuphatikizapo malata, mkuwa, nthaka, tungsten, molybdenum ndi patsogolo.
Tiyeni tikambirane mbali ya Miyalayo. Feldspar ndi khwatsi
Malinga m'nyanjazi ake, thanthwe ili limabweretsa polymineral, kuti si wapangidwa ndi chigawo chimodzi chokha, koma zingapo. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu zimene amapanga lubwe ndi feldspar. Ndi silicate mchere gulu. Monga ulamuliro, ndi lubwe anali osachepera 50%, kenako 60! Izi thanthwe kupanga mchere alipo mu thanthwe mawonekedwe a feldspar potaziyamu (orthoclase, adular) acid plagioclase (oligoclase, bytownite, Labrador, ndi zina zotero. D.). Wina Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya lubwe ndi khwatsi - zolimba kwambiri thanthwe kupanga mchere ambiri ananena za miyala igneous. gawo lake si oposa 30% ya kulingalira okwana mtundu wa. Embedding imaoneka mbewu ka vitreous. M'chigawo wachibadwa wa khwatsi ndi colorless, koma ngati thanthwe wapangidwa lubwe zimatengera pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana - wachikasu, pinki, wofiira, ndi lofiirira, ndi zina zotero ..
Lakuda akuda mchere ndi zosafunika ena zikuchokera lubwe
Kuwonjezera khwatsi ndi feldspar, pathanthwe lili acidic ndi zina inclusions. kawirikawiri musade oposa 10% ya chonse pamodzi. Iwo biotite, lifiyamu Mica, muscovite ndi hornblende. A chiwerengero yaing'ono nyamulani chowonjezera - monga apatite ndi zircon, ndi mchere zamchere - tourmaline, garnet ndi topazi. Choncho, takambirana zikuchokera lubwe. Chiwembu chikusonyeza zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika zakuthupi zachilengedwezi.
yonse ya lubwe
Malinga ndi makhalidwe a mchere ndi mipweya ya lubwe, anachira ena a mitundu yake. Njira imodzi kusanja wamangidwa pa kuchuluka plagioclase mu thanthwe. Zotsatirazi mitundu ya lubwe:
- soda feldspar (zosakwana 10% plagioclase);
- Miyalayo yokha (kuchokera plagioclase 10% kuti 65%);
- granodiorite (kwa 65% 90% plagioclase);
- Tonalite (pa 90% plagioclase).
Komanso kuchuluka kwa feldspar, monga maziko kusiyanitsa mitundu ya mwala anatengedwa pansi kulingalira zili zazing'ono mchere mafic. Malinga ndi gulu ili, kusiyanitsa mitundu ngati kawetedwe: Alaska - lubwe, osati kuphatikizapo mdima yofiira zitsulo ndi leykogranit - kukhala okhutira otsika a iwo. Ziwiri Mica lubwe - ndi kusiya feldspar ndi khwatsi, muscovite ndi biotite, ndipo lilinso ndi aegerine zamchere ndi amphibole.
mbali kandalama za mtundu wa
Pali gulu lina zochokera mbali structural ndi textural wa anati thanthwe. Advantageously, lubwe ali granular dongosolo Krustalo, koma nthawi zina porphyry. Chilengedwe ndi zigawo chachikulu chuma, anapanga ndi kuzirala kwa chiphalaphala. Chifukwa chakuti kuti amaundana omangidwa lubwe aumbike ndi dongosolo losiyana, kuphatikizapo chabwino ndi coarse. Poonekera yotsirizira amatchedwa lubwe porphyry. Chitsanzo lubwe porphyry thanthwe rapakivi zingapangitse coarse kapangidwe (Finland). Iye ali inclusions cha kukula orthoclase dzira nkhuku a.
ochekenera lubwe
Mchere amapanga lubwe akhoza utoto miyala zosiyanasiyana mitundu. Monga ulamuliro, izo Mzimuyo mtundu wa mwala orthoclase. Ambiri ndi kuwala imvi mtundu. Mu Russia, ofalitsidwa zinthu wofiira. Mchere zikuchokera lubwe ndi mtundu yowala m'gulu feldspar ndi timibulu hematite, kapena - chitsulo okusayidi. Iwo amupatsa thanthwe ofiira ngati magazi hue. Komanso kudutsa miyala chikasu, buluu ndi pinki mitundu. Emerald hue mtundu alandira chifukwa feldspar wobiriwira potaziyamu - amazonite. Nthawi zina lubwe zachilendo iridescent mitundu. Kumachitika chifukwa feldspar, okhala iridescence. Kawirikawiri izo oligoclase ndi labradorite kupereka wokongola iridescent shimmer, makamaka noticeable pamene kutembenukira mwala. Apa Zinthu mfundo yosangalatsa, lubwe.
Kapangidwe ndi katundu wa thanthwe
zinthu zachilengedwe ali zambiri zinthu zazikulu izo sizikukupangani inu irreplaceable m'madera ambiri, makamaka zomangamanga. Choyamba, lubwe chokhalitsa. Zingatithandize kwa nthawi yaitali pokhalabe maonekedwe ake apachiyambi. Nthawi zina amatchedwa ndi anthu "mwala wosatha," ndipo onse chifukwa chilichonse chinachitika kwa iye zaka zambiri. Chachiwiri, nkhaniyi ndi mphamvu kwambiri mkulu. Zamgululi zopangidwa si nkhani kuvala. Khwatsi - mchere ndi lopangidwa ndi lubwe - zimapangitsa thanthwe ili ndi wamphamvu kwambiri moti pamene kukonzedwa, akupera ndi kudula ntchito macheka ndi diamondi ❖ kuyanika wapadera. Chachitatu, imodzi yofunika kwambiri katundu wa lubwe akukana ake zinthu iliyonse chilengedwe, ndi zidulo. Izo sikutanthauza chithandizo ndi kutetezedwa zosiyanasiyana zobwera chifukwa cha okosijeni ndi zotsatira thupi. Only pa kutentha pamwamba madigiri 600, iye amatha kusintha kapangidwe kapena akulimbana. Kachinayi, lubwe kugonjetsedwa ndi chinyezi, ndi pafupifupi watertight, si kuyamwa madzi ndipo osati pansi kudzitsitsa chifukwa mpweya. Kwa zaka zambiri, nyumba ndi zipilala zopangidwa lubwe akhoza kusunga maonekedwe ake apachiyambi. Ndipo potsiriza, mosalephera, kuti lubwe kulibe vuto lililonse. Iye ali otetezedwa kwathunthu kwa anthu. katundu onsewa kupanga ankaona thanthwe zinthu zamanja.
Ntchito lubwe
Anati mwala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito yomanga ndi chindwi, monga cholimba, kugonjetsedwa zinthu zachilengedwe ndipo durability wapadera. Chifukwa kulimbikira kuti kumva kuwawa ndi psinjika, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri mu chokongoletsera mkati ndi kunja. Miyalayo kugonjetsedwa kwambiri poizoni, kotero kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga handrails, makwerero, mizati, countertops, zenera sills, bala owerengera. Nthawi zambiri fireplaces lubwe ndi akasupe amapangidwa, chifukwa kugonjetsedwa ndi kusintha kutentha ndi, ndi mayamwidwe a chinyontho. Kunja kwa mtundu umenewu zimakhala kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuyembekezera, zomangamanga kapena zinthu nyumbayi. Miyalayo mwala midadada kufalitsa msewu, misewu ndi milatho nthawi zambiri chepetsa zipilalapo, quays misewu ndi mabwalo. Zopangidwa mipanda lubwe, kusunga makoma, iwo kukometsera pamakoma ndi makoma a nyumba. Ndipo kwa mtundu umenewu angagwiritsidwe ntchito zosiyanasiyana mitundu. Mu Russia, zofala kwambiri ntchito ndi imvi, woyera, wofiira ndi zofiirira zosiyanasiyana. Mwatsoka, m'zigawo ndi processing wa miyala igneous zovuta mtengo Komabe, chuma ichi mocheperapo ntchito yomanga nyumba ochiritsira. Ndi zimagwiritsa ntchito kwa ulemerero wa zinthu mtengo kwambiri mapulani.
Kamangidwe zipilala la lubwe
Pambuyo yoyenera umapezeka lubwe pamwamba limakhala galasi, pamene kuwalitsa ndi kungolandira kuwala kunyezimira. Choncho, mwala amayang'ana wolemera kwambiri ndi chidwi, mukhoza kuyigwiritsa ntchito kupanga ziboliboli yaikulu ndi nyimbo mapulani. Chitsanzo cha kukongola, kukongola ndi kukhalitsa kwake kwa lubwe akhoza kuchita zipilala, mbiri nyumba ndi nyumba anamangidwira m'mayiko ambiri, kuphatikizapo ku Russia. Kapangidwe aliyense lubwe ndi yapadera ukulu ndi monumentality Akumenya malingaliro a mphamvu yake ndi kukongola.