Metagalaxy - izo ... Tanthauzo ndi dongosolo metagalaxy

nyenyezi amafalitsidwa kudutsa expanses wa thambo m'goli. Iwo amaphatikizidwa mu masango, ndipo amatchedwa nyenyezi. Komabe, ndi kulakwitsa kuganiza kuti magulu kuonekera pa kaja - ndi nyenyezi masango. kuwala kuti munthu amaona M'dera lina la kumwamba Ndipotu, akhoza anapatukana pa mtunda chachikulu.

Tanthauzo la lonse konsekonse

Malinga zakuthambo dictionary, metagalaxy - ndi mbali ya chilengedwe chonse, yomwe zingaoneke n'kuona mothandizidwa ndi njira zamakono sayansi ndi zida. Ndi pafupifupi biliyoni machitidwe dzuwa. Pali tanthauzo lina. Mwachitsanzo, mu Great Soviet Encyclopedia limanena kuti metagalaxy - chopereka cha nyenyezi, womwenso kwambiri a nyenyezi (1 biliyoni), zomwe zingaoneke ntchito telesikopu. Wamphamvu kwambiri wobwezera zamakono kwambiri anawonjezera malire a nzeru za anthu za chilengedwe osadziwika. Nkhani chilengedwe ndi nkhani zimene amapanga metagalaxy lonse. Nthawizina inu mukhoza kuwona tanthauzo zotsatirazi: chilengedwe ndi metagalaxy - ndi n'chimodzimodzi.

Malingaliro a "metagalaxy" ndi "ndikuoneka chilengedwe"

Kuti tipeze zambiri zimene metagalaxy ndi, kufotokoza akuti china - "ndikuoneka chonse". Akatswiri a sayansi ya kuitana mawuwa kuti mbali ya chilengedwe, chimene munthu angaone kuchokera Earth. Pa nthawi yomweyo, asayansi angaone ndi kufufuza zosiyanasiyana ziwalo - nyenyezi sikuti ndi zinthu, komanso mafunde ndi chizindikiro - zonse zomwe zimapitirira kwathu m'chilengedwe chonse. The m'chilengedwe mbali chabe ya thambo kwambiri. Iwo ali ndi malire ake a mwini - m'chizimezime Cosmological. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti chiwerengero cha masango nyenyezi za m'chilengedwe kuposa biliyoni 170.

Popeza chiphunzitso cha zinthu za m'chilengedwe zikuphatikizapo nambala wokulirapo wa zinthu kuposa n'zotheka kuona munthu wamba, anayambitsa mfundo metagalaxy. Nyenyezi ndi nyenyezi, anati mothandizidwa ndi luso kudula-m'mphepete, ndi mbali ya m'chilengedwe. Koma ngati akulankhula za zinthu zimene sangatichitire kwa malire, zinthu zimenezi zimatchedwa Metagalactic. zakuthambo ambiri amakhulupirira kuti kukula chenicheni cha chilengedwe ndi apamwamba kuposa anthu kuti zingaoneke.

Koma m'chilengedwe sangathe akuoneni zakuthambo mu zonse, chifukwa okha ndi cheza makamaka. Chifukwa cha kuli kovuta kuti asunge zinthu zomwe ndi akutali. kuwala kwa mtundu umenewu - akutali kwambiri chinthu chomwe "anamveketsa" zakuthambo amakono.

masango Way

Nyenyezi yagawidwa masango a mitundu yosiyanasiyana chimodzimodzi monga kodi nyenyezi. Pali mitundu iwiri ya masango Way - globular ndi omwazika. nyenyezi zonse zomwe Tingaone ndi apoyera kapena pogwiritsa ntchito telesikopu (osati amphamvu kwambiri a iwo), mawonekedwe dongosolo mmodzi yekha - Way. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti pali biliyoni 100 zigawo zikuluzikulu.

Kupezeka kwa nyenyezi yatsopano

Beyond malire a Milky Way asayansi apeza ambiri machitidwe ena nyenyezi. iwo ofanana ndi athu mu dongosolo lake. Mofananamo, iwo amapangidwa ndi nyenyezi mabiliyoni, ndipo ena ndi ofanana ndi dzuwa. Kapangidwe Metagalaxy wakhala phunziro la kafukufuku kumayambiriro a XIX ndi XX zaka. Ndiye, ena zakuthambo anali otsimikiza kuti nebulae kwenikweni machitidwe nyenyezi, zimene kuchotsedwa mabiliyoni Milky Way wa zaka kuwala.

Andromeda Way - chitsanzo cha dongosolo palokha nyenyezi

Mu XX m'ma, Edwin Hubble zatsimikiziridwa kuti nebulae iridi osiyana, nthawi zambiri miyeso chachikulu, kachitidwe nyenyezi. Chitsanzo cha wotereyo Way akutali ndi m'bulu wa nyenyezi Andromeda. Penyani zingakhale mu bwino, koma wopanda mwezi usiku. Ndi looneka ngati chimbuuzi yowala chidutswa kukula kwa litayamba mwezi. Mu njira zambiri, Way ofanana ndi Milky Way. Ndi kuonekera kwa iwo akuona pang'ono mtima poyerekezera ndi mbali ya view. Mbali yowala kwambiri kuti anamanga ndi mtundu wa mwauzimu, ndipo iye anali oposa Way wathu. Andromeda Nebula ndi kwa ife pa mtunda wa kuwala zaka zoposa 1 miliyoni.

Chiphunzitso cha chilengedwe kuwonjezera

Chiphunzitsochi ndi chimodzi mwa sayansi kwambiri. maina ake ena - "chiphunzitso cha metagalaxy kuwonjezera", kapena kungoti The Big Bang Chiphunzitsochi. malo amafotokoza kuti chilengedwe anabadwa pafupifupi 20 biliyoni zapitazo. Ichi chinali chifukwa kuphulika kwa chimphona aumirira kachulukidwe yofotokoza nkhani. Kodi mfundo imeneyi? Kamodzi zisanafike otchuka otchedwa isotropic chitsanzo cha dziko. Mlembi wa mmodzi wa iwo anali Albert Einstein.

Kodi mawu amenewa amatanthauza chiyani? Aliyense Way (ndi metagalaxy) akhoza kugawidwa mu zigawo zingapo pulayimale. Yemweyo tingachite ndi m'chilengedwe chonse. Isotropy zikutanthauza kuti katundu metagalaxy ali yemweyo mu madera onse. Malinga ndi chitsanzo akufuna ndi Einstein, metagalaxy - dongosolo n'kupuma imene palibe kusintha. M'tsogolo, chiphunzitso ichi chakhala limatsutsa Russian asayansi A. A. Fridmanom. Iye anaganiza chitsanzo cha chilengedwe likukula.

Quasars - zinthu yowala dziko lonse

Athandiza Kwambiri kuphunzira zinthu zosiyanasiyana metagalaxy amapereka kuphunzira quasars - zachilendo ndi chidwi formations wokongola. Quasars ndi chifukwa cholephera mabowo osadziwika wakuda, kuwala ake owala iwo kuposa loyandikana Way. Quasar ndi misa, anthu mabiliyoni nthawi yopambana misa dzuwa.

Asayansi koyamba zokhudza quasars, sadathe kukhulupirira mu moyo wawo. Healthy kukayikira chilakolako anawatsogolera kupeza malongosoledwe a sayansi zinthu izi. Komabe, wotsatira maphunziro zakuthambo asonyeza kuti asayansi kwenikweni kwambiri omveka mawonekedwe metagalaxy. Supermassive mabowo wakuda magwero yabwino ya zakudya kwa quasars. Black maenje a mtundu - ali mbali malo mphamvu yokoka ndi wamphamvu kwambiri moti ngakhale dzuwa osati zichoke m'malire awo. Supermassive mabowo wakuda komanso ndi chinsinsi kwa zakuthambo. kukula awo mpaka kukula kwa dongosolo la zowalitsa. Kodi iwo anapanga, mmodzi wa sayansi akhoza asanazindikire.