Urals chuma: mchere, nkhalango, madzi ndi nyengo. Nature wa Ural

Urals otchedwa malo osiyanasiyana dera Russia, ndilo maziko a yemweyo dongosolo dzina phiri. Urals chuma (mchere, nkhalango, madzi, nyengo ndi zosangalatsa) achuma ndi osiyanasiyana. Za iwo, makamaka, ndi ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

Ural: location Hrs zinthu zachilengedwe ndi chuma (mwachidule)

dera Geographical otchedwa Ural akutumikira monga malire pakati pa awiri a m'chipululu waukulu wa Europe ndi ku Asia - ndi East European ndi West Siberia. Ndi malo mbali ya dera limeneli ndi eponymous mapiri, kukuchitika makilomita 2,000 kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera.

Urals komanso alekanitsa magawo awiri a dziko - Europe ndi Asia. M'mphepete mwa akonzedwa chogwirizana wa Ekaterinburg chikumbutso chizindikiro. Mwa njira, malo dzina "Ural" latembenuzidwa kuchokera ku chinenero Bashkir amatanthauza "lamba". Bashkirs ngakhale nthano yakale za chimphona amene kamodzi kufalitsa lamba wake yaikulu, moti iye nadziphatikiza kwa Nyanja Kara kwa Caspian kum'mwera. Ndipo mu matumba a munthu wamkulu anali atabisala chuma osaneneka. Ndi za chuma awa, ndipo tikambirana zina.

chirengedwe cha Urals ndi achuma ndi yaikulu zosiyanasiyana. Kukongola ndi wapadera dera lino la anasonyeza zenera ndipo mu mabuku, ndi luso zithunzi. m'makona ake osiyana Tingaone pa zojambula chithunzicho ndi zithunzi za apaulendo wotchuka. bwino kwambiri ndi momveka anafotokoza chikhalidwe cha Ural kamodzi DN Mamin-Siberia.

Kufunika zachuma a m'dera

Ural Mountains kalekale ndipo akhala njira mafakitale maziko a Russia. Yogwira chitukuko cha dera inayamba mu ulamuliro wa Peter Wamkulu. Izi zinathandiza kuti chuma wolemera mchere wa Urals lapansi.

Mu XIX-XX zaka zomera ndi zomera mafakitale mu Urals anakula ngati bowa pambuyo lolemera chilimwe mvula. Malinga ndi kunena kwa Alekseya Ivanova wolemba, ngakhale pano chikwiyire mapangidwe wapadera 'chitukuko zitsulo. " Zofunika kwambiri ntchito za dera Ural pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Nzosadabwitsa iye ankatchedwa mu masiku amenewo, "kukamba za m'mphepete mwa mphamvu." Ndipotu, ndi mu Urals linapanga tidzapambana pa nkhondo yovuta komanso amazipanga wamagazi.

Dera la Urals ndi mfundo Russian, ndithu kuli anthu komanso katswiri. Mizinda yayikulu kwambiri m'chigawo: Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Perm, Ufa, Magnitogorsk, Izhevsk ndi Nizhny Tagil.

Mchere mu dera

chuma mchere wa Urals wolemera kwambiri komanso zosiyanasiyana. Mokulira mu kuya kwa dera wolemera ali zonse mchenga ndi dongo, mafuta ndi golide. Apa, mu njira yodabwitsa Chili nkhokwe yaikulu ya miyala, sanali zachitsulo, zomangamanga ndi zipangizo mankhwala yaiwisi.

Mu XVI atumwi ku dera la kumadzulo kwa mkuwa Ural anatulukira, ndipo XVII wa - chitsulo. Ndi ironworks m'munsi anafotokoza nkhani maonekedwe a "likulu" a m'dera - mzinda wa Yekaterinburg.

Kenako kuno adzapeza madipoziti lalikulu la golide ndi pulatinamu, malasha, siliva, wapatali ndi theka-miyala ya mtengo. Mu Urals ncho bauxite ndi potashi, khalidwe limene imatengedwa zabwino mu dziko. Orenburg anatchuka chifukwa mpweya, ndi Ishimbai - mafuta. Various zomangira komanso zambiri (miyala, nsangalabwi, mchenga ndi dongo).

chuma madzi a Urals ndi

Dera lonse la dera linalake lagawidwa pakati maiwe awiri. Ena mitsinje ndi mitsinje madzi awo ozizira Arctic Ocean. Madzi a mitsinje ina zoyembekezeka kukhala mu beseni ya Caspian Nyanja Lake.

Madzi Ural ankaimira makamaka ndi mitsinje. Yaikulu ya iwo - ndi Kama, ndi Urals, ndi Pechora, Tobol, Tura, Iset. Onse ali anachokera ku mapiri a Ural. Choncho, m'chigwa chapamwamba mitsinje yaing'ono ndi okuya kwambiri. Ambiri, kusowa kwa madzi ankangotsatira kum'mwera derali. Komanso, pali mitsinje ambiri effluents wowonongeka amakampani zosiyanasiyana mafakitale.

Mu Urals umagwira angapo lalikulu, ndi ang'ono hydro. Amphamvu kwambiri pakati pawo - ndi Pavlovskaya, Shirokovskaya ndi Yumaguzinskaya HPP. Komabe, chuma hydropower wa Urals si bwino katswiri.

Nkhalango za Urals ndi

chuma Forest Ural ecologists pafupifupi kiyubiki mamita 3 biliyoni nkhuni. Mitundu mbadwa amaonedwa chidali paini, Oil, spruce ndi larch. Nkhalango kuphimba pafupifupi theka la malo okwana dera. Kumbali mtheradi, ndi pafupifupi 40 miliyoni mahekitala.

Mbali yaikulu ya m'mphepete woodland ali anaikira mu malo ake kumpoto (makamaka Perm ndi Sverdlovsk zigawo). Ndi patsogolo kum'mwera, pang'onopang'ono m'malo mwa nkhalango-steppe ndi steppe. Tikumbukenso kuti nkhalango Ural anali pansi cuttings kwambiri m'zaka XVIII-XIX. madera aang'onoang'ono namwali (pristine) nkhalango mu Urals angapezeke okha kumpoto kwa dera.

Nyengo zamasewela chuma cha m'dera

Nyengo ya Urals - mtundu chokhala. Ndipo chokhala ake chimaonekadi kumawonjezera ndi patsogolo kum'mwera chakum'mawa. Nyengo yaitali ndipo ndithu achisanu ndi Transitional nyengo - wokongola ozizira. Chamvula ranges kuchokera 700 mm kumpoto kwa dera kwa 200-250 mm kum'mwera kwa izo. Ambiri, nyengo kumadzulo kwa mapiri a Ural ndi bata ndi yonyowa, ndi kum'mawa kwa mapiri - louma ndi ozizira.

Zingamuthandize kuti ulimi ndi chitukuko cha ulimi waphindu lokha Central ndi Yuzhnyy Ural. Makamaka, chigwa lonse Ural Mtsinje akuimira ukonde analima steppe chonde topsoil. Ichi ndi dera lalikulu ulimi Urals onse.

Zamasewela chuma cha Urals ndi - ndi koposa zonse, malo okongola athanzi nyengo ndi zambiri zinthu zosiyanasiyana madzi mchere (sulphate, sodium mankhwala enaake, akakhala, bromine, radon). Mwa zokopa zachilengedwe chidwi ndi m'mapanga, limene pali osachepera 500! Ambiri, m'dera Urals amagwira osauka ski, zachilengedwe, thanzi zokopa alendo.