Chiphunzitso - izo ... mawu "chiphunzitso"

Onse a sayansi yamakono zinachokera maganizo amene poyamba zinkaoneka nthano ndi tingaganize. Koma pa nthawi, anapeza m'Malemba umboni wa mfundo imeneyi akhala chikhalidwe anazindikira choonadi. Ndipo chiphunzitso iliyonse yomwe zachokera nzeru zonse za sayansi anthu. Koma kodi tanthauzo la mawu akuti "chiphunzitso"? Yankho la funso limeneli muphunzira kwa nkhani ino.

tanthawuzo

Pali matanthauzo ambiri akuti. Koma mulingo woyenera ndiwo ntchito ndi chilengedwe sayansi. Chotero matanthauzo ndi kutengedwa ngati maziko.

Chiphunzitso - ndi dongosolo maganizo m'munda wa nzeru, amene amapereka lingaliro kwathunthu pa malamulo alipo zokhudzana zenizeni.

Pali tanthauzo zovuta. chiphunzitso - ndi mndandanda wa mfundo atsekedwa kwa ndondomeko zomveka. Zinthu tanthauzo umboni wa mawu akuti "chiphunzitso" amapereka maganizo. Kwa chiphunzitso chimenechi angatchedwe sayansi lingaliro lililonse.

Kufanizitsa mfundo sayansi

Kumvetsa mfundo za sayansi ayenera kufunsa gulu lawo. Methodology and nzeru za sayansi, pali zitatu mfundo sayansi. Tiyeni tione padera.

chiphunzitso wazotsatira

Mtundu woyamba mwamwambo ankaona chiphunzitso wazotsatira. Zitsanzo ndi chiphunzitso thupi la Pavlov, Darwin kwa zinthu, zasokoneza, chiphunzitso maganizo ndi zinenero. Iwo zochokera misa kwambiri mfundo experimental ndi kufotokozera gulu lina la zochitika.

Pamaziko a zochitika izi anakonza generalizations, ndi chifukwa - malamulo zimene ziri chifukwa chimene kumanga chiphunzitso. Ndi zoonanso kwa mitundu ina mfundo. Koma chiphunzitso cha mtundu wazotsatira ndi kukonza chifukwa cha khalidwe logwirizana ndi generic, popanda kutsatira malamulo onse a maganizo.

Sitingawerenge masamu

Masamu ziphunzitso sayansi amapanga mtundu wachiwiri ziphunzitso mu gulu ili. Mbali awo khalidwe ndi ntchito zida masamu ndi zitsanzo za masamu. Mu ziphunzitso izi, ndi wapadera masamu chitsanzo, umene uli mtundu wa chinthu abwino kuti akhoza m'malo chinthu chenicheni. Chitsanzo chabwino cha mtundu uwu ndi mfundo chiphunzitso, chiphunzitso cha tinthu sayansi, chiphunzitso ulamuliro, ndi ena ambiri. Monga ulamuliro, iwo zochokera njira axiomatic. Ndiko kuti, kusiya mwa zinthu zazikulu za chiphunzitso cha axioms zofunika zochepa. The axioms lofunika ayenera kukumana i a Kudziwa ndi simatsutsana mzake.

kachitidwe Deductive ongolankhula

Mtundu wachitatu mfundo sayansi - ndi deductive machitidwe ongolankhula. Iwo anaonekera chifukwa cha vuto rationally kumva ndi wolungama masamu. Choyamba chiphunzitso deductive imatengedwa kuti ndi Masamu Euclidean, yomwe inamangidwa ntchito axiomatic njira. Deductive ziphunzitso zochokera malangizo chiphunzitso, ndipo kenako ku chiphunzitso cha mawu amene akhoza analandira chifukwa cha inferences pa udindo poyambira. Onse inferences ndi zipangizo kuti ntchito chiphunzitso zalembedwa molondola, kupanga umboni m'munsi.

Monga ulamuliro, chiphunzitso deductive ndi ambiri kwambiri ndipo umboni, kawirikawiri pali funso ya kutanthauzira. A chitsanzo chapadera ndi chiphunzitso wa lamulo la zolengedwa. Ndi chiphunzitso zomwe si kupereka ziyenera lomveka, kotero kutanthauzira yake yosiyanasiyana.

Philosophy ndi sayansi: kodi iwo amafanizira?

The sayansi ya yapadera, koma pa nthawi yomweyo ndi udindo yeniyeni anatumizidwa nzeru. Ndi funso limene asayansi pokonza ndi kumvetsa izi kapena chiphunzitso kuti, kuuka kwa mlingo wa luntha osati za vuto linalake sayansi, komanso kumvetsa moyo ndi chofunikira kwambiri cha kudziwa zinthu. Ndipo izi, ndithudi, nzeru.

Motero, funso n'lakuti. Kodi nzeru umakhudza yomanga chiphunzitso sayansi? Yankho ndi wosavuta, monga njira izi inextricably zogwirizana. Nzeru alipo mu sayansi mu mawonekedwe a malamulo zomveka, njira, ndi onse chithunzi cha dziko ndi luntha ake, ndi maganizo a wasayansi ya maziko onse lofunika sayansi. M'nkhaniyi, nzeru ndi gwero ndi cholinga chachikulu cha kumanga ambiri ziphunzitso sayansi. Ngakhale popanda kufufuza, ndi chiphunzitso gulu (mwachitsanzo - chiphunzitso cha kasamalidwe) alibe maziko aumunthu.

Chiphunzitso ndi kuyesera

The njira yofunika kwambiri kutsimikizira wazotsatira cha chiphunzitso ndi kuyesera zimene ziyenera monga muyeso ndi polojekiti, komanso njira zina zambiri za chikoka pa chinthu kuphunzira kapena gulu la zinthu.

Kuyesera - ndi zina zinthu zimakhudza chinthu pansi kuphunzira kapena pa zinthu zimene zatizungulira iwo, chimene amapangidwa kuti cholinga cha liwunikidwenso wa chinthu ichi. Chiphunzitso - ndi zatsopano m'mbuyomu.

Mu kafukufuku wa sayansi zili kufotokoza zinthu zosiyanasiyana;

• cholinga chachikulu zimenezo;
• chinthu kuyezedwa;
• zikhalidwe zimene chinthu ili;
• zikutanthauza kuchita zimenezo;
• wokondwa mfundo chinthu pansi kuphunzira.

Ndi aliyense walowa angathe kumanga zatsopano gulu. Malinga ndi mawu amenewa, n'zotheka kusiyanitsa thupi, zamoyo mankhwala zatsopano, malingana ndi chinthu lomwe umachitika. Ndi zotheka kuti m'kagulu ndi zatsopano pa mipherezero amene akuzunzidwa khalidwe lawo.

Cholinga zimenezo ndi kudziwika ndi kumvetsa zimene mfundo zina kapena malamulo. mtundu wa kafukufuku amatchedwa zatsopano. The chifukwa cha chochitika ichi tinganene kuti ukugwirizana deta za chinthu. Koma nthawi zambiri, kuyesera zimenezi amachitidwa pofuna kutsimikizira kungoganizira chiphunzitso limodzi kapena zofunika. Mtundu uwu wa kuyesera amatchedwa mosamala. Monga mukudziwa, mzere wokongola bwino pakati mitundu iwiri ya makhalidwe sangakhale. Chokuchitikirani chomwecho akhoza amaperekedwa ku mitundu iwiri ya kuyesera kapena wina ndi mungapeze deta yomwe ndi khalidwe la ena. Modern sayansi ndi mfundo ziwirizi.

Kuyesera - nthawizonse mtundu wa mafunso chikhalidwe. Koma nthawi zonse ali ndi watanthauzo ndi zochokera chisanadze kudziwa kuti munthu amene chokwanira. Ndi zinthu zimenezi ndi amapereka chiphunzitso, ndi Chilombocho mafunso. Poyamba, pali chiphunzitso mu mawonekedwe a umboni, zinthu idealized, ndiyeno nkubwera ndondomeko kuona kuti lodalirika.

Choncho, takambirana tanthauzo la mawu akuti "chiphunzitso", kufanizitsa ake moyandikana poyerekezera ndi sayansi ndi mchitidwe. Tinganene mosakayika kuti palibe othandiza kuposa chiphunzitso chabwino.