Kufotokozera ndi chithunzi cha Peter 1 mu ndakatuloyi "The Mkuwa pamahatchi"

"The Mkuwa pamahatchi" mwina kwambiri maganizo ntchito ya Pushkin, litadzala ndi zizindikiro kwambiri. Azambiriyakale, otsutsa mabuku ndi kuwerenga wamba kwa zaka kukangana, malupanga mtanda, ndi kuugonjetsa kulenga ziphunzitso zimene zoona, anafuna kuti auze ndakatulo. Makamaka kutsutsana ndi chifanizo cha Peter 1 mu ndakatulo "The Mkuwa pamahatchi."

Posiyanitsa Peter Nicholas 1 1

Chidutswa kwalembedwa mu nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Nicholas 1, kumene Pushkin anali zonena chachikulu za ulamuliro: ndi yimitsira a kugalukira wa Decembrists, chirengedwe wa apolisi, kumayambiriro zonse kufufuza. Choncho, asayansi ambiri kuona kutsutsidwa kwa wokonzanso Petulo 1 reactionary Nicholas 1. Komanso, akatswiri ambiri a Pushkin kufanizira kusakatula pakati pa "Mkuwa pamahatchi" ndi "Chipangano Chakale." A mndandanda wa madzi osefukira ku St. Petersburg, makamaka zoopsa 1824, kudakali woyambitsa lingaliro la Chigumula, choncho ntchito ndi "The Mkuwa pamahatchi" chifaniziro cha Peter 1 nambala ya oganiza amagwirizana ndi chifanizo cha Mulungu (mulungu), luso lopeka komanso kuwononga.

Grad Petrov

Komabe, ngakhale powonekera molondola adzatchedwa. Ife tikupempha funso ili: "Kodi mzinda ndi machitidwe a ndakatulo Pushkin odzipereka kwa chigumula mu 1824?" funso zikuoneka kulola yankho limodzi lokha: ndithudi, izo zikuchitika mu St. Petersburg, chifukwa fano la Peter 1 mu Pushkin Wabwino Tirhana wakhala kugwirizana ndi mzinda uwu. Komabe, monga mophweka, yankho si choncho zomveka: mu mzere aliyense wa Petersburg ndakatulo konse otchedwa St. Petersburg! Kumayambiriro, mawu ofotokoza: "chilengedwe Petulo" ndi "City a Peter" mu gawo loyamba la dzina kamodzi wamba Petrograd ( "Pamwamba pa Petrograd ndimitambo ...") ndi kamodzi - Petropolis ( "Ndipo Petropolis anatuluka monga Triton ... ").

Choncho, mzinda, koma si weniweni St. Petersburg, ndiponso mzinda lachinsinsi la Petra. Ngakhale pa mfundo imeneyi, ofufuza Peter 1 chithunzi mu ndakatulo "The Mkuwa pamahatchi" mythologized. Ngati ife lemba lonse la ndakatulo wonse, Petersburg otchulidwa katatu - kamodzi subtitle ndi ( "Petersburg nkhani") ndi kawiri - mu prose wolemba zolemba. M'mawu ena, m'njira Pushkin amatipatsa kuzindikira kuti ngakhale kuti "chochitika, mu nkhani iyi akufotokozedwa, m'choonadi", mzinda umene kanthu m'kati yokha ndakatulo, si Petersburg. More ndendende, si St. Petersburg - m'njira zina m'mizinda itatu, omwe chilamulira chikhalidwe ndi imodzi mwa mawonekedwe a ntchito.

onyada zogoba chifaniziro

Dzina "chilengedwe Petulo" ndi "City a Peter" ikukhudzana bwanji ndi Peter - ndi ngwazi yekha wa gawo ili la ndakatulo, ndipo Pushkin, Peter zikuoneka ngati mulungu. Ndi nkhani yosonyeza chifaniziro chake, ndiye thupi la padziko lapansi la mulungu. Pakuti Pushkin, maonekedwe chabe chipilala cha - kuphwanya mwachindunji kwa lamulo "Usadzipangire iwe wekha fano losema." Kwenikweni, izo zinali izi anafotokoza maganizo otsutsana ndi chipilala cha ndakatulo iyi: ngakhale ukulu wake onse, ndi oopsa, ndi mawu 'kunyadira zifaniziro zogoba, n'zovuta kulandira kuthekera.

Chikalata ankaona maganizo Pushkin okayikira Peter 1 ngati mwamuna States. Pa dzanja limodzi - lalikulu: wokonzanso, wankhondo, "womanga" wa St. Petersburg, mlengi wa zombo za. Pa zina - yoopsa, nthawizina wankhanza ndi despot. Mu ndakatulo "The Mkuwa pamahatchi," Pushkin chithunzi cha Peter monga kutanthauziridwa mu njira ziwiri ndi wapamwamba ku Mulingo wa Mulungu ndi pa nthawi yomweyo demiurge lapansi.

Ndi mbali iti Pushkin

culturologists ankakonda mkangano linali funso la amene chifundo ndi Pushkin: Peter wamphamvuyonse anafa kapena "mwamuna wamng'ono" Eugene, chikuyimira nzika yosavuta, yomwe pang'ono palokha. Mu mwaluso ndakatulo "The Mkuwa pamahatchi" Petulo anafotokoza 1 - nakhalanso wamphamvuyonse chipilala - analankhula za boma. Ndipo Eugene - ndi nzika ambiri, ndi gudumu mu makina yaikulu boma. Pali kutsutsana nthanthi: ngati boma Sikoyenera mu gulu lake, kuyesetsa kukhala moyo amagonja ndi malo a anthu wamba kukwaniritsa ukulu, cholinga ena apamwamba? Kapena aliyense - payekha uyu, ndi zokhumba zake munthuyo ayenera n'komwe, ngakhale likuvutika m'mayiko osauka?

Pushkin anafotokoza maganizo ake omveka kapena kuwauza kapena mu ndime. Petulo 1 amatha onse kulenga ndi kuwononga. Eugene wake waluso onse chikondi anamukonda (wamasiye mwana Parasha) ndi kupasuka mu khamu, mu mdima wa mzinda, wokhala nawo achabechabe ya misa imvi. Ndipo - pamapeto pake - kufa. Zingapo pushkinoveda odalirika ndikukhulupirira kuti choonadi penapake pakati: boma kulibe popanda munthu, komanso kutsatira zofuna za aliyense zosatheka. Mwina linalembedwa ndi ndakatulo zachikondi.

Peter 1

Peter chithunzi alibe culturologists zina. Pa nthawi Soviet, miyambi ndi sankaloledwa akuimira wokonzanso lalikulu la wosadziwika, chifukwa chipembedzo chinaperekedwa ku kuvutitsidwa. Pakuti onse anali "kulankhula mkuwa fano la" akukhala m'maganizo wodwala ngwazi Eugene Nkhani. Inde, ukuimira koma kusanthula zakuya za anthu otchulidwa anakhalabe chifukwa pundits mtsutso. Yerekezerani chifanizo cha Peter 1 mu ndakatulo "The Mkuwa pamahatchi" ndi zithunzi m'Baibulo zinadzala.

Koma Pushkin Peter 1 - fano mkuwa kapena mulungu? Limodzi la ndakatulo ya Pushkin Soviet mabuku mzere "mafano pa kavalo mkuwa" ali zotsatirazi ndemanga zapamwamba za Pushkin S. M. Bondi: "mafano m'chilankhulo cha Pushkin amatanthauza" fano "Panthawiyi pushkinoveda anaona kuti pamene mawu." Mafano "ntchito Pushkin kwenikweni, osati mophiphiritsa, iwo pafupifupi nthawi zonse amatanthauza fano la mulungu Zimenezi agona mu mavesi ambiri. "Wolemba ndakatulo ndi khamu," "Ambuye kwakukulu", "m'kamwa Vesuvius anatsegula ..." ndi zina ngakhale kuti Mfumu Nicholas 1 pandekha akufotokozedwa. pamanja anaona chochitika TVO ndipo analemba mu mphepete mwa chiwerengero chapamwamba ndemanga December 14, 1833-TH Pushkin anapanga kulowa mu zolemba, amene anadandaula kuti mfumu anabwerera ndakatulo ndi ndemanga :. "Mawu" fano "si anaphonya kufufuza apamwamba".

m'Baibulo

Zithunzi Pereklikanie a Peter ndi Mkuwa pamahatchi ndi zithunzi m'Baibulo kwenikweni mu mlengalenga. Tikutero chifukwa akulemekezedwa pushkinoveda Brodotskaya, Arkhangelsk, Tarhov, Goldfinches ndi ena. Ndakatulo, akuitana wokwera fano ndi fano, ananena mwachindunji otchulidwa m'Baibulo. Iwo anaona kuti chithunzi cha Peter amalankhulira zonse lingaliro Pushkin la ankhondo, pafupi ndi Mulungu, ndi nyengo.

Osati chifanizo cha Peter 1 mu ndakatulo "The Mkuwa pamahatchi" amagwirizana ndi khalidwe la m'Baibulo. Eugene - komanso analogi mwachindunji khalidwe lina la m'Chipangano Chakale - Yobu. mawu ake anakwiya, analankhula "kudziko zizhditelyu" (Mkuwa pamahatchi) zizigwirizana Job kudandaula motsutsana ndi Mulungu, koma kufunafuna zedi undead wokwera akufanana chodabwitsa "Mulungu mu mkuntho" mu "Buku la Yobu".

Koma ngati Peter - Mulungu Chipangano Chakale, Chifaniziro Falcone - m'malo izo ndi fano achikunja, chigumula cha 1824 - chigumula m'Baibulo. Osachepera monga mfundo molimba opangidwa ndi akatswiri ambiri.

Kuthabuswa

Pali khalidwe lina la Peter. "The Mkuwa pamahatchi" sanali ntchito yaikulu, ngati iye mosavuta akanatha kumvetsa. Akatswiri anaona kuti wokwera waima pa mbali ya mphamvu yoposa zachilengedwe mphamvu kwa chilango Eugene machimo. iye ndi kowopsya. Wazunguliridwa ndi mdima, pali wabisika chachikulu ndi mfundo za malongosoledwe Pushkin wa mphamvu zoipa, anakulira Russia.

Chithunzi mu ndakatuloyi Mkuwa pamahatchi anatsimikiza ndi chifanizo cha zochita zake zakale, akamanena za zomwe - chiwawa akupitirizabe, ndi akuchitirana nkhanza za zikuchitika mu dzina la kukhazikitsa ndondomeko yake wofuna kupyolera mu kuzunzika ndi nsembe. Ilo liri mu Mkuwa pamahatchi mabodza chifukwa zoopsa dziko aliuma udani ake a mwala ndi madzi, amene anasonyeza polowa mwadzidzidzi mu omaliza pambuyo chithunzi zosatheka wa otchuka, wokongola, wachisomo matalala machesi ndi Russia.

Pushkin monga mneneri

Rethinking ntchito, mumaganiza, kuti zoipa kulipira. Kuti, mkuwa, Petulo okwera a Chivumbulutso, kuchita kubwezera. Mwina Pushkin umanena Tsar Nicholas 1 pa zikukhalira chilango, kuti "kufesa mphepo, adzakolola mphepo yamkuntho."

Azambiriyakale kuitana kupanduka wa Decembrists nyengo yachisanu ikupita kwa 1917. 1 Nicholas kuponderezedwa mwankhanza dissent: mbali ya Decembrists anapachikidwa, nthawi zambiri amakhala akaidi moyo Siberia. Komabe, njira zosangalatsa zomwe zinachititsa kuti chiwembu ndi akuluakulu a boma si n'komwe. Okhwima nkhondo zotsutsana, theka patapita zaka akusandutsa kugwa kwa tsarism. N'chimenechi, Pushkin zikuoneka ngati mneneri, predrekshy indomitable wowerengeka ndime, amene anasefukira "City a Peter", ndi Peter iyeyo amati zamkuwa wapanga chilango.

Pomaliza

Si zophweka ndi ndakatulo "The Mkuwa pamahatchi". Peter chithunzi zotsutsana kwambiri, chiwembu koyamba, yosavuta kumva, koma lemba ladzala ndi zilembo zolaula ndi chobisika. Osati mwangozi mankhwala mosamalitsa kupimidwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo lofalitsidwa.

Ndakatulo ali mizere ziwiri zikuluzikulu za chitukuko kugwirizana ndi tsoka la mzinda wa Peter ndipo Eugene tsoka. Mu nthano zakale pali kufotokoza zambiri za mmene milungu kuwononga mzinda, dziko, anthu monga Chilango cha khalidwe loipa. Apa ndi "Petersburg nkhani" Pushkin kunachokera wasinthika chiwembu izi: Peter, kuimira demiurge, conceives kumanga mzinda mu zaboma zabwino. Kusintha kwa chikhalidwe, pa mapeto a Neva mtsinje mwala kufanizira ndi kusintha kwa boma, ndi malangizo a njira yofunika kwambiri Inde otchuka.

Komabe, fano-Tsikuli dongosolo la ndakatulo limasonyeza bwanji ndiponso chilengedwe kwasanduka tsoka. Ndipo izi chikugwirizana ndi chofunikira kwa Mkuwa pamahatchi, amene akufotokozedwa ndi Pushkin, koposa zonse, m'nkhani yomwe akutchulidwa kuzindikira Eugene, amalowa zochitika za kuzunzidwa kwake nakhalanso fano. Castle, anamanga pa chidutswa asankhidwa m'dziko m'makhalidwe, pamapeto pake anasonyeza kuti anasefukira "elemental katswiri".

Pushkin anali mneneri? Kodi zolinga anamutengera kulemba ngati kuipidwa chilengedwe zotsutsana? Chimene iye ankafuna kunena kuti owerenga? Izi azenga m'badwo Pushkin masikolala, otsutsa zolembalemba, olemba mbiri ndi ofufuza nzeru. Koma kodi zofunika - zidzapangitsa ndakatulo wowerenga yeniyeni, pa gudumu wina popanda imene makina boma adzakhala kuzembera.