Economy Norway: makhalidwe ambiri

North Dziko Norway amadziwika muyezo wake mkulu wa amoyo. Dziko ndi mosavuta kuona padziko lonse mavuto azachuma ndipo chuma chimasonyeza bata ndi mphamvu positive. Chuma Norway ndi osiyana zina ku Ulaya? Timauza za peculiarities wa chuma Norway, matabwa ake ndi chiyembekezo.

Geography a Norway

chuma Norway ndi mu lingaliro chifukwa malo Hrs a dziko. boma lili gawo kumadzulo ya ku Scandinavia Peninsula kumpoto kwa Ulaya. Ndi kwambiri amadalira nyanja kuti anasambitsidwa. Mwanyanja cha dziko ndi makilomita 25 chikwi. Norway kupeza nyanja atatu: Barents, Norway ndi North. Dziko malire ndi Sweden, Finland ndi Russia. Zambiri za dziko ili kumtunda, koma limaperekanso m'gawo chachikulu (50,000) chilumba unyolo, ena mwa iwo bwinja. Gombe la Norway ndi indented ndi fjords kwabasi. Mpumulo wa Mbali yaikulu ya dziko ali makamaka lamapiri. Kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kum'mwera akutambasula mapiri, nthawi zina alternates ndi zitunda zathyathyathya yapamwamba ndi m'zigwa zakuya yokutidwa ndi nkhalango zowirira. North wa dziko chinkhoswe mu Arctic Titafika pamalo. Kum'mwera ndi pakati malo okwera yabwino ulimi. Dziko wolemera kwambiri mu madzi oyera, pali pafupifupi 150 zikwi nyanja ndi mitsinje yambiri, yaikulu ya iwo ndi Glomma. Norway si wolemera kwambiri mchere osiyanasiyana koma ali nkhokwe yaikulu ya mafuta, ores angapo, mkuwa, patsogolo.

Nyengo ndi chilengedwe

Norway ndi mu zone ya mphamvu ya ofunda Gulf Stream zimapangitsa nyengo wanu ndi bata kuposa kukhala pa ufulu mofanana Alaska ndi Siberia kwambiri. Koma nyengo dziko si omasuka makamaka kwa moyo. Dera la kumadzulo kwa dziko chimakhala chogwidwa ndi mafunde ofunda, ndipo kumeneko akulamulira ndi kotentha apanyanja nyengo ndi kotentha ndipo nyengo yotenthayi imakhala osati kale. Apa, wambirimbiri mpweya imagwera pachaka. Mu July-August pano mpweya ndi mkangano digiri 18 Celsius, ndi chisanu si kugwa m'munsimu madigiri awiri Celsius. Chigawo chapakati wa kotentha chokhala nyengo yake ndi yozizira ndi yotenthera sakhalitsa ofunda, koma osati otentha. M'nyengo yozizira, pali avareji kutentha kwa madigiri 10 Celsius, pamene m'chilimwe mpweya ndi mkangano digiri 15 Celsius. Kumpoto kwambiri kwa dziko amakhala ndi nyengo kum'mwera kwa Arctic ndi yaitali, nyengo nkhanza ndi waufupi m'chilimwe ozizira. M'nyengo yozizira, ndi thermometer pafupifupi limasonyeza opanda madigiri 20, ndi m'chilimwe thermometer limatuluka msinkhu madigiri 10 Celsius. Mu North, pali mumlengalenga zochitika - kumpoto Kuwala.

Ambiri, Norway zachuma akhoza mwachidule kukhala ngati wochezeka anafotokoza. Apa Ufumuyo chidwi kwambiri kuteteza zachilengedwe pristine. Pamene nsomba ndi mafuta chifukwa ena zoipa chilengedwe, ndipo ndi pamene Norway simungathe kukwanitsa. Komabe, mpweya wabwino kwambiri ndi madzi, ndi mabizinezi mafakitale ntchito pa mfundo zapamwamba chitetezo, tsono mwa apamwamba mu dziko. Kukula kwa otaya alendo akuyerekezeranso kuopseza ena chilengedwe dziko ndi vutoli nayenso sizinachitike kuthetsedwa.

Mbiri ya chitukuko zachuma

Mpaka m'ma 9 Norway anali m'dziko la agonjetsi. Viking mantha onse a ku Ulaya, kufika ku gombe la Turkey. Ndalama yaikulu ya anthu a dziko munali mu levying msonkho kuchokera m'mayiko anagonjetsa. Mu 9-11 zaka dziko lalikulu m'manja mwa mfumu Norway, anapita njira ya kukonzanso, dera kangapo kuyesera adzalowerera Christianity, pali kulimbana pakati pa malo osiyanasiyana zimachitika chisangalalo cha anthu. chuma akukumana kusintha kwakukulu. Gawo ali msonkho, akuchitiridwa phased kunja, zinali zofunika, mitundu yatsopano ya kasamalidwe. Mu 1184, iye anayamba kulamulira wakale wansembe Sverrir, chimene chikuchita ndi inatembenuka kuti atsogoleri ndi anthu apamwamba, ndi anayambitsanso mfundo yatsopano kuli boma - demokalase. Yotsatira ochepa mibadwo ya mafumu ankachita centralization a dziko ndi kuthetsa nkhondo ndale. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 13 Norway anali mavuto aakulu mu ulimi, umene kugwirizana ndi mliri wa makoswe. Zimenezi zimabweretsa kufooka amphamvu a boma. Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 14, Norway akukumana ndi yaitali malingana maiko Denmark. Iwo sakanakhoza kukhala wokondwa zabwino kwambiri kutukula. Dziko ochuluka kukhala dziko zotumphukira ndi chuma ofooka. Mu zaka za m'ma 17, dziko akukumana ndi aakulu azachuma kudzachitika wolemera, chifukwa cha kugwa kwa League Hanseatic. Europe wayamba mwakhama ntchito zipangizo Norway yaiwisi: nkhuni, zombo miyala. Iwo ubwera kukula zachiwawa malonda. Koma dziko anakhalabe mbali ya Sweden. Mu zaka za m'ma 19 motsogozedwa Norway Mkhristu Friedrich kufotokoza ufulu wawo ufulu. Koma posakhalitsa. Sweden sanafune kusiya m'madera amenewa. M'ma 19 lonse anavutika kuteteza ufulu wa boma Norway anthu ake ndi malamulo. Mu yomweyi, kukula kwa mafakitale, amene akukhala nsanja zikamera wa kalasi wolemera, amene sanali mukufuna kukhala pansi pa ulamuliro wa Sweden. Mu 1905, dziko wakhala anatha kuchotsa chikoka cha Sweden, anadza kwa mphamvu, Chidanishi kalonga. Pa First World nkhondo, boma akhala ndale, timatha Norway kuti kwambiri kusintha ntchitoyo chuma chake. Koma lonse zachuma vuto la mochedwa 20 ndipo oyambirira 30s sunapewe dziko. Pa chiyambi cha nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, Norway waganiza kamodzinso kulowerera ndale, koma Germany sapereka chidwi kwa izo ndi kutenga dziko. The zaka unawonongedwa anali boma kukhala watsopano chuma. Apa kwambiri ku mayiko ena a ku Ulaya, kugwiritsa ntchito njira za kufalitsidwa kuwapatsa ndalama. Panthawi imeneyi, ikulongosola ambiri a zachuma Norway akhoza kutchulidwa mawu awiri: chilungamo ndi demokalase. Dziko kawiri anakana kulowa European Union, ngakhale njira thandizo la kusakanikirana ndi mgwirizano Schengen.

Chiwerengero cha Norway

Chiwerengero cha anthu mu dziko pang'ono kuposa 5 miliyoni. kachulukidwe Chiwerengero cha anthu 16 okha pa kilometre lalikulu. Km. Chiwerengero chachikulu ndi anaikira mu kum'mawa kwa dziko, kuli anthu m'dera m'mphepete mwa nyanja padziko Oslo, komanso kum'mwera ndi kumadzulo kwa dziko. Mbali kumpoto ndi pakati kwa pafupifupi kanthu, ndipo zisumbu ali bwinja ndipo kwathunthu. chuma Norway masiku ano limapereka mkulu ntchito. Pafupifupi 75% ya anthu ntchito. 88% ya anthu ndi maphunziro apamwamba ndi mavuto ndi ntchito, ndi chizindikiro bwino mu Europe. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti chuma anayamba pa mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri. The apamwamba a moyo ndi kukula nthawi ya anati Norwegians moyo, ndi avareji '82.

kapangidwe andale

Norway mu dongosolo ndale ndi mafumu malamulo. Mutu wa nthambi wamkulu wa boma ndi mutu nduna za boma ndi mfumu. Aphungu ndi udindo kwa yamalamulo unicameral. Mfumu yokhala mndandanda mwachilungamo yaitali udindo ndi ufulu. Amawaika ndipo amaiwala nduna yaikulu, malinga ndi malamulo, ndi udindo nkhondo ndi dziko, lotsogoledwa ndi Supreme Court. Koma pafupifupi onse nkhani yaikulu utsogoleri dziko ndi chinkhoswe mu boma ndi nduna yaikulu pa mutu. Nthambi Yolamula ili ndi ufulu kugwira boma lamulo la chuma cha Norway, zimatengera kulamulira pa ntchito m'boma, amene n'kopindulitsa kwambiri dera la chuma, komanso imayang'anira ntchito ya makampani mafuta. Dziko lagawidwa madera 20, wotchedwa zigawo, abwanamkubwa amaikidwa ndi mfumu. County ophatikizana kulankhula. Dziko ali ndi dongosolo Mipikisano phwando, ndipo nthawi akutulukira kayendedwe yandale yatsopano ndi maphwando kufunafuna kulowa yamalamulo. Mu kutenga mabungwe amene ali yonena kwambiri andale ndi utsogoleri moyo wa dziko nawo.

General makhalidwe a chuma cha Norway

Mu Ulaya ndi maiko angapo omwe akwanitsa kuthana ndi mavuto azachuma ndi kupeza mwayi kukula, mmodzi amene - Norway. chuma, ndithudi, mavuto a vutoli, koma yang'anani pa maziko a m'mayiko ena bwino. Dziko ndi m'malo wachinayi m'dziko pa munthu GDP. Today boma akusonyeza kukula zolimbitsa, omwe amagwirizana kwenikweni ndi kumwa kuchuluka kwa m'boma. A pang'ono kukula zogulitsa kunja kwa katundu ogula ndi kulalikira mwakhama ogula mabanja. Zimene zimachitika osati ukasintha abwino, koma pa maziko a zinthu ku Ulaya, Norwegians ndi zifukwa chidaliro. boma liyenera kuwononga ndalama ndi chofuna kukhala amapereka moyo wapamwamba. Ndipo pakuika kwambiri kafukufuku ndi luso la ulimi, kufunafuna wofuna kusiyanitsa chuma ndi kuchepetsa akadali ndi mkulu kudalira chuma pa makampani mafuta. Ambiri, chuma Norway n'ngozikidwa pa chitsanzo Scandinavia a "moyo boma" ndi bwino kusuntha mbali iyi, ngakhale popanda mavuto.

kapangidwe

Lachitsanzo lalikulu chuma Norway kwatanthauza kuti akufotokozera mayikidwe yeniyeni mphamvu lapansi. Kapangidwe ka chuma Norway chikusonyeza bwino zogwirizana pakati pa asilikali msika ndi gos.regulirovaniem. Dziko ali ndi mbali zofunika kwambiri za chuma m'boma. Boma la za 3% ya GDP padera mu chitukuko cha sayansi. Apindulitsa za malonda chitsanzo cha chuma kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti wolowa upambana imports. 38% ya GDP dziko amachokera wolowa amene oposa theka imagwera pa mafuta ndi gasi. boma ntchito kuchepetsa Chiwerengerochi ndi kupambana kumeneko, ngakhale ang'ono, m'chaka cha n'zotheka kuchepetsa kulemera kwa wolowa ndi 0.1% ya GDP.

ntchito malonda yachilendo dziko la

Norway ndi mwachangu kugwilizana ndi mayiko ambiri mwa mawu a nzeru katundu, zipangizo ndiponso sayansi. Norway ndi malonda zakunja mu malo oyamba amagwirizana ndi European Union, komanso ndi China ndi maiko ena Asian. boma ndi yaikulu mphamvu katundu mu Europe. Gasi, mafuta zidaperedwa kwa France, Germany, Netherlands, Sweden, UK. Norway komanso amagulitsa kunja zida, mankhwala, zamkati ndi pepala mankhwala, nsalu. Zochokera mu mankhwala dziko la kuunika ndi adzasowa chakudya, ulimi, magalimoto. Kapangidwe ka chuma Norway zimadalira malonda mphamvu kunja, boma kwa zaka zapitazi 10 wakhala kumenyana zodabwitsazi, koma m'kati osiyana wakhala pang'onopang'ono.

makampani extractive

minda mafuta Norway anayamba kukulitsa ndi posachedwapa, kuyambira 1970. Panthawi imeneyi dziko analowa molimba mwa Waogula Zinthu Kunja yaikulu ya gwero mphamvu mu dziko. Pa dzanja limodzi, mafuta - ndi phindu undoubted kwa dziko timatha boma sikudalira mitengo kunja kwa chimasanduka. Koma chuma anagwera mu kupanga mphamvu kwa zaka 40 mu amphamvu kudalira ndi mtengo osakhalitsa mu msika mafuta anayamba kuyambitsa mavuto aakulu. Masiku ano m'dziko la pali maiko ambiri ndi olimba malingana ndi udindo mu uphungu msika, ndipo mmodzi wa iwo - Norway. mafakitale migodi gawo chifukwa pafupifupi theka kupanga dziko. Masiku ano, mavuto mu makampani mafuta kupanga dziko intensively kwambiri chinkhoswe mu chitukuko cha Boma zina za chuma.

Madera kupanga

Kuwonjezera mphamvu ndi ulimi wa chimasanduka, mu Norway, pali mafakitale aakulu. Economics Norway, tinganene mwachidule ngati ndi zinthu za makolo luso. Dziko akufotokozera mafakitale yomwe wakhala mbiri amphamvu. Kwenikweni, wakhala shipbuilding amphamvu ndi zapamwamba. Lero, shipbuilding amapanga za 1% ya GDP. Chinorowe doko la zombo zapanyanja kusonkhanitsa bwalo makampani yonyamula mafuta, komanso katundu ndi wodutsa magalimoto. gawo ina yofunika pa dziko - izi ndi zitsulo. chuma Norway ndi zonse kumapangitsa yopanga ferroalloys, koma makampani ndi mavuto ndipo boma chithandizo. Zitsulo amapanga za 0.2% ya GDP. Nkhalango ndi zamkati ndi makampani pepala - ndi mwambo dera Chinorowe la kupanga. zina zofunika kwambiri pa ntchito Norwegians ndi nsomba ndi ulimi. Komanso , dziko akuyesera kukhala ndi nzeru, chidziwitso ofotokoza mafakitale. Ichi ndi dera la m'mlengalenga, dziko limapanga osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana a zigawo ndi zipangizo makina. Akutukuka munda wa makompyuta, zomangamanga ndi maphunziro.

makampani zokopa alendo

Lero, Norway chuma, malonda amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri, amagwira osauka chinthu chinanso - ndi zokopa alendo. makampani Izi zikutibweretsa pang'ono pa 5% ya GDP ndi amapereka ntchito kwa anthu 150 sauzande. boma chaka amasankha dziko imodzi yomwe imachitika chaka chonse yaikulu malonda kampeni kwezani kuzindikira za holide mbali alendo mu Norway. Pokopa alendo m'madera kumpoto kwa dziko limachititsa kukhala zomangamanga wa dera ndi amapereka ntchito kwa m'deralo, amene amavutika kupeza ntchito mu ngodya iyi bwinja ya boma.

Chithunzi cha moyo ndi utumiki

M'mayiko onse otukuka tili pamzere olondola kuonjezera chiwerengero cha ntchito ya utumiki ndi misonkhano kapangidwe ka mankhwala, imadalira ndi Norway. chuma dziko ochuluka kukhala utumiki. Mkulu khalidwe la moyo kumabweretsa mfundo yakuti anthu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku zochepa chinkhoswe mu moyo, zopereka chisamaliro pa chifundo cha akatswiri. Catering, kuyeretsa, kukonza, zomangamanga, luso kukonza misonkhano zokongoletsa, chisamaliro chaumoyo, maphunziro ndi zosangalatsa - kumabungwe amenewa ndiwo niches kwambiri zingamuthandize chitukuko mu Norway. madera kupanga izi sumalamulidwa ndi boma ndi mmene pazipita akupangidwa ndi makampani yaing'ono payekha.

msika ntchito

Pofuna kukhala mkulu khalidwe la moyo ndi kusamukira ku "moyo onse", Norway chuma, msika ntchito zomwe ndi mbali yofunika ya nambala chaka kuchuluka kwa ntchito. Pali zochitika zapadera boma umalimbana chilengedwe cha mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi malo ena a ntchito. Pa nthawi yomweyo dziko amasamalira kuti anthu ambiri kukaphunzira, kulimbikitsa chitukuko nzeru ya dziko. Norway tsopano ali otsika ku Ulaya, kanjedza ulova (5%) ndipo akupitiriza kuwanyeketsa.

Economy pa Mwachidule

Deta zaposachedwapa pa chuma ku Norway zimasonyeza kuti likunena, ngakhale pang'onopang'ono, kukula ndi 2.5% pa chaka. GDP pa munthu ndi pang'ono kuposa 89 000 madola US. Mlingo kufufuma ndi 4%, mtengo kiyi anali pa 0.5% chithunzi. The nkhokwe za golide wa dziko ndi matani 36. The ngongole mitundu - 31,2%.

ziyembekezo chitukuko

Today, chuma Norway - mmodzi wa khola kwambiri ku Ulaya. State ndi yodzipeleka yogawa chilungamo cha ndalama kuchokera kugulitsa chimasanduka ndi osauka dera chikhalidwe ndi mafakitale. Ngakhale mavuto azachuma mu chuma dziko la Norway ndi zinthu zinthu ziyenda bwino ndithu. boma wakhala likunena kuchepetsa kudalira mitengo mafuta, kukhala malo nzeru kupanga, amasunga moyo wapamwamba mwachangu chimatsutsana kusamuka kuthamanga, chinapululutsa Europe. Norway - mmodzi wa atsogoleri kupanga mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa m'chigawochi. Opangira magetsi mphamvu, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphepo, kulola dziko kuonjezera katundu wa magetsi kuti m'mayiko ena. Osiyana a chuma, chitukuko cha mafakitale nzeru, kukula kwa kukopa alendo - ndi chitsimikizo cha bwino chuma Norway.