"Browning" mfuti yamakina: malongosoledwe, makhalidwe, chithunzi

Makina akuluakulu "Browning" - imodzi mwa mfuti zochepa zimene zimakhalabe mu nkhondo ya US Army mpaka lero, posintha pang'ono. Za iye ndipo tidzafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi.

Kubadwa kwa nthano

Kukula kwa mfuti yaikulu ya makina a John Moses Browning akuyesa kuti ndikumapeto kwa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yoyamba, pamene funso linalake lidawonekera pafunika kukonzekeretsa maina ndi zida zamakono zomwe zingathe kukantha zolinga zambiri mu nthawi yochepa.

Imayikidwa zonse zonyamula zida zankhondo ndi ndege. Zimadziwika kuti ndege ya Bingu ili ndi mfuti ya "Browning" -M2 mfuti pamtundu wa magawo asanu ndi atatu.

Zimadziwika kukhazikitsa phokoso la mfuti pamakina a M2HB pa tani ya M46. Mfuti ya makinayo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mfuti yotsutsa zitsulo ndipo inali ndi mawonekedwe. Anali kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo kwa chida cha mkuluyo.

Mfuti ya Browning ingathenso kuyendetsa ndege pamphepete mwazitali, pamagalimoto osavuta kapena opanda zida. Ndipo ndithudi, ndi ana a mdani.

Mfuti ya Colt-Browning

Mu 1889, John Browning anapanga mfuti yamakina pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowonongolera mbiya komanso kuchotsa mpweya wa mpweya. Pambuyo pake, ufulu unawomboledwa ndi kampani "Colt", yomwe mu 1895 inatulutsa mfuti ya makina "Colt" M1895. Chifukwa cha zojambulazo, mankhwalawa anapita ku European states ndi mayiko angapo a ku Latin America. Kumayambiriro kwa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, kusinthidwa ndi mbiya yolemera kunatulutsidwa. Russia idagula mfutiyi pamakina akuluakulu, zidazo zinali zotchuka pamodzi ndi mfuti ya "maxi".

Mfuti ya Machine 1917

Adagonjetsedwa ndi ankhondo a US mu 1917, mfuti ya mfuti idatumikira mokhulupirika kufikira 1970, kenako itachotsedwa ntchito.

Komanso amadziwika kuti "Browning" makina -1919 - njira yamakono yowonongeka ndi ndodo ya mfuti - inawonekera pambuyo pa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse.

Zochita zamakono ndi zaluso

Makina a "Browning" -1919 anatumikiridwa mpaka 1970, koma pang'onopang'ono chitsanzocho chinachotsedwa ku nkhondo kumapeto kwa 1945 chifukwa cha kufufuza kwa magulu ankhondo ambiri, kusonyeza kuti mfutiyo imakhala yosayendetsedwa bwino, ndipo zowonongeka (kuphatikizapo m'mayiko ena ) Pushani mankhwalawa molingana ndi zizindikiro zake ku gawo lachiwiri (komanso ngakhale lachitatu).

Mfuti ya Browning inali yolemera makilogalamu 14, kutalika kwake 1219 mm, yomwe mbiyayo ndi 609 mm. Mlingo wa moto ukuzungulira ma 400 mpaka 600 pa mphindi pokha pokhapokha ngati mukukankhira pamphepete mwachitsulo pang'onopang'ono.

Chakudyacho chinapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mkanda wa mfuti kwa makina okwana 250 ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mamita 1 369.

Mfuti yamakina "Browning" -m2

Monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, kutchuka kwambiri kwathokozedwa chifukwa cha kuika pazitsulo zolemera ndikugwiritsa ntchito muzithunzi zapamwamba. Ndilo mo

Koma nthawi zambiri, onse ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yothetsera mphamvu za mdani. Sitima ya M46 inkanyamula mfuti yamakina ya Browning yolemera nthawi zambiri pa zida zake. Koma atawombera zida zankhondo, wogwira ntchitoyo anafunika kudalira chiwombankhanga mpaka kuchiuno, zomwe zinapangitsa msilikaliyo kukhala wovuta. Chifukwa chake, wokwera ndi mfuti yachitsulo, komanso mfuti yamakono, yoperekedwa kwa M46, idasinthidwa ndi mfuti ya Browning. Motero, kuyendetsa galimoto yowonongeka kunakula kwambiri.

Koma izi sizinapangidwe pa fakitale yomwe imapanga zipangizozo, koma mwachindunji ndi ogwira ntchito ya galimoto yolimbana ndi zida zankhondo, zomwe zinakhudza kwambiri kufunika kokonzanso zida za mfuti ya Browning (12.7 mm M2).

Nyuzipepala ya American "Browning" (M2) imapangidwa kuti ipereke matepi, ndipo mabokosi a makapu 550 okonzedwa kuti apange zida zonse pa M46, nthawi zambiri sasowa. Choncho, ogwira ntchitoyo anayenera kutuluka okha kuti athetse ntchito yovutayi.

Kuwomba kuwombera kuchokera ku mfuti ya makina

Kwa nthawi yoyamba pa nkhondo ku Korea kugwiritsa ntchito mfuti ya makina kunalembedwa. Komabe, kutchuka kwakukulu kunapindula ndi mfuti ya "Browning" pa nkhondo ya Vietnam, pamene munthu wina wa ku America wotchedwa Carlos Hetcock anagwedeza kangapo kuposa munthu, yomwe ili patali pafupifupi mamita 1700. Choyamba, mphekesera za kuwombera, kuthamanga kuzungulira asilikali a ku United States, zinayambanso kuwathandiza. Panali ngakhale pangidwe ntchito yomwe inapeza chingwe ichi choika ndi kulemba zolemba za dziko lonse. Nkhani yokhudza kuwombera kwa Carlos kuchokera pamfuti ya makina inatsimikiziridwa.

Mfuti ya makina yopangidwa kuchokera ku makinayi inaperekedwanso ndi zozizwitsa pambuyo pa chochitika choterocho. Pali chiwonetsero chimodzi chokha. Ndipotu, palibe amene anagwiritsa ntchito izi, koma mfuti ya "Browning" imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna cholinga chake. Chabwino, palibe anthu apadera omwe ali m'gulu lankhondo omwe angagwiritse ntchito mfuti ya makina ngati mfuti yamoto.

Koma lingaliro la kulenga mfuti yozemba pogwiritsa ntchito mfuti ya makina linakopeka ndipo linapangidwa. Koma osati kwa nthawi yaitali. «браунинга» благополучно забыли. Chotsatira chake, polojekiti yopanga mfuti ya sniper inachepetsedwa, ndipo mu 1982 kampani "Barrett" inkaonekera pamalo ake ndi mfuti zake, zomwe zinathamangira msanga ndi US Army ndipo chotsatira cha "Browning" chowombera chidaiwalika bwino.

Nthano ya kuwomba kwa sniper kuchokera ku mfuti ya makina inalipo mpaka chaka cha 2002, pang'onopang'ono akuyang'ana ndi mfundo zatsopano ndi nthano. Kuyendayenda pakamwa, deta pamtundu wa kuwombera "sniper" nthawi zonse inasintha. M'chaka cha 2002, nkhaniyi inalembedwa za kutentha kwa mamita 3000, zomwe zinapereka mwatsatanetsatane mawu omwe aperekedwa.

TTX M2

Mfuti yamakono yolemera makilogalamu 38, ndipo ngati ndi makina, ndiye zambiri - 58 kg.

1653 мм, из них ствол составляет 1143. Kutalika kwa mankhwalawa ndi 1653 mm, yomwe mbiyayi ndi 1143.

Amagwiritsa ntchito cartridge ya NATO 12.7 x 99 mm.

Nkhondo ya mfuti (yomwe inayikidwa pa thanki) ili ndi mlingo wa moto, umene umasiyanasiyana kuchokera pa 483 mpaka 630 kuzungulira pa mphindi. Zizindikiro zina zochepa za mfuti ya makina a AN / M2 zimachoka pa 740 mpaka 845.

Mfuti ya ndege (AN / M3) yowonjezereka ili ndi mlingo wa moto womwe umakhala wofanana ndi 1200 kuzungulira pa mphindi.

Zolinga zake ndi 1820 mamita.

Kuyambira pachiyambi cha zokolola mu 1921, zinthu zoposa 3 miliyoni zapangidwa.

Kuchokera ku nkhondo kupita ku nkhondo

Chokonzedwa mmbuyo mu zaka zimenezo, mfuti ya "Browning" ikugwira ntchito ndi US Army (komanso maiko ambiri a NATO) mpaka lero. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, komanso ku Korea, Vietnam, Iraq, mikangano yambiri. Kwa ena, US adachita nawo mwachindunji, mwa ena, chida ichi chinagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mmodzi kapena onse awiri.

Mikangano yambiri idakalipo kale ndipo idapititsa patsogolo mbiri yawo. Zina zaiwalika, koma zina zidatha.

Kaleidoscope ya mikangano

Nthawi zosiyana, gulu la mfuti linagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi anthu osiyana nawo pankhondoyi. M'mayiko ena, akadalibe ntchito, koma penapake amalembedwa kale ndi kusungidwa.

Suez War (October 1957 - March 1957) - nkhondo ku Egypt, yomwe inadza chifukwa cha kusatsimikizika kwa chikhalidwe cha Suez Canal. Komanso adalandira dzina lakuti "Operation Kadesh."

Nkhondo yamasiku asanu ndi limodzi inali nkhondo ku Middle East, kuyambira pachisanu mpaka cha khumi cha June 1967.

Nkhondo zitatu za ku Indo-China, zomwe, malinga ndi akatswiri a mbiri yakale, zomwe zinayendetsedwa ndi mayiko a Ulaya kumenyana ndi Vietnam kuti apitirize kutsogolera mizinda ya Indochina kuyambira 1946 mpaka 1991.

Msilikali wa nkhondo pakati pa Great Britain ndi Argentina kulamulira mazilumba a Falkland kuyambira pa April 2 mpaka June 20, 1982.

Nkhondo ya ku South Africa (kapena nkhondo ya Independence ya Namibia), 1969-1989. - nkhondo yapakati pa Namibia pakati pa bungwe la anthu odziimira kumwera kwakumadzulo kwa Africa (SWAPO) mothandizidwa ndi USSR, Angola ndi Zambia kumenyana ndi South Africa ndi UNITA (opanduka omwe akuthandiza ufulu wa Angola) mothandizidwa ndi United States, China ndi Zaire.

Nkhondo ku Persian Gulf ndikumenyana kwakukulu pakati pa magulu a mayiko ambiri omwe amatsogoleredwa ndi United States ndi Iraq pofuna ufulu wa Kuwait. Ngakhale kumapeto kwa USSR, kumapeto kwake, iye anathandizira United States. Nkhondoyo inatha kuyambira pa August 2, 1990 mpaka February 28, 1991.

Nkhondo Yachikhalidwe ku Somalia, yomwe inayamba mu 1988 ndipo ikupitirira mpaka lero.

Ku United States ku Grenada, komwe kumadziwika kuti ntchito ya Urgent Fury, yomwe inachitika kuyambira pa 25 mpaka 27, 1983.

Kuwukira kwa Panama - kuyambira pa December 20, 1989 mpaka January 31, 1990. Cholinga cha boma ndicho kuteteza ufulu wa nzika za US ndi ulamuliro wa demokarasi ku Panama.

Nkhondo ku Yugoslavia - mikangano yambiri yamitundu ndi yachipembedzo kuyambira nthawi ya 1991 mpaka 2001, yomwe inachititsa kuti Yugoslavia iwonongeke komanso mayiko ena odziimira okha. Imatengedwa ngati mkangano wamagazi kwambiri pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiŵiri yapadziko lonse.

Zida za nkhondo za United States ndi NATO ku Afghanistan kuyambira 2001 mpaka 2014. Imatengedwa ngati nkhondo yakale kwambiri m'mbiri yonse ya US. Mwachidziwitso, nkhondo, ndi cholinga cholimbana ndi a Taliban, anatha mu 2014, pamene ufulu wa kusunga malamulo unasamutsidwa ku magulu a chitetezo. Ndipotu, nkhondo ikupitirira mpaka lero.

Nkhondo ya Iraq yakugonjetsa boma la Saddam Hussein 2003 - 2011.

Nkhondo ya mankhwala ku Mexico ndi nkhondo pakati pa ambuye osokoneza bongo a Mexican ndi apolisi a ku Mexico, omwe akhalapo kuyambira 2006 mpaka lero.

Nkhondo Yachikhalidwe ku Cambodia ndi nkhondo yomenyana pakati pa boma laderalo lochirikizidwa ndi US ndi Party ya Communist yomwe imathandizidwa ndi North Vietnam. Nkhondoyo inayamba kuyambira mu 1967 mpaka 1975.

Nkhondo ya Cambodian-Vietnam - kuyambira 1978 mpaka 1991.

Nkhondo yachikoloni ku Portugal kuyambira 1961 mpaka 1974. Amadziwikanso kuti Guerra Colonial ndi Guerra do Ultramar.

Nkhondo ya Iran-Iraq kuyambira 1980 mpaka 1988.