Mfuti tepi: mitundu, cholinga, nawuza

Mlingo wa zida nthawi zina nthawi zimadalira yolimbanirana ndi. Tepi makatiriji okwanira dongosolo limachititsa kusintha mlingo yeniyeni ya manja yaing'ono, kulola kuti mukhalebe mosalekeza moto kwa nthawi yaitali. dongosolo zimagwiritsa ntchito pofuna kuthana ndi mphamvu ya mfuti za makina, launchers grenade ndi zambiri kawirikawiri kwa mfuti basi. Choncho makatiriji tepi zithetsedwe, izo nalo dzina lake - ndi malamba mfuti.

tepi kotunga makatiriji System

Kuwonjezera ubwino angatsutse tepi makatiriji okwanira, ndipo dongosolo lino kuipa, ndiko kuti, pamlingo winawake kuwonongeka kwa maneuverability chifukwa kuwonjezera misa ndi miyeso ya chida. Choncho, kudziwa ntchito zothandiza kwambiri chakudya tepi: machine- mfuti, chidakwa oyenda, akasinja, odana ndi ndege ndi ndege mfuti za makina, Launcher basi grenade, ang'ono-likungosonyeza mfuti. Modern kuwala makina mfuti dongosolo lino ntchito limodzi ndi sitolo.

Zinthu zazikulu za dongosolo ndi: tepi katiriji (makina mfuti) - lamba ndi matumba kwa makatiriji, ndi limagwirira wa Kutengera ake mu mzere dosylka, yomwe imakhala ndi njira pagalimoto kwa chikusuntha kusamutsidwa. Akamanena za dongosolo tepi ndi zodziwikiratu anasamutsa yodzaza tepi makatiriji panthawi iliyonse limagwirira yowotcha kwa chokwawa sitepe imodzi, umene uli wofanana ndi katayanitsidwe pakati makatiriji pafupi. Zing'onozing'ono ndi kusamutsidwa sitepe, kuchuluka kochepa mphamvu wofunikila kudyetsa malamba zipolopolo. Zimenezi kudalirika kwa limagwirira yobereka, amalola tepi kwambiri yaying'ono, kuchepetsa "akufa" kulemera ndi bwino maneuverability zida wonse. Pa nthawi yomweyo amachepetsa kusinthasintha kwa tepi, amene zingakhudze kukula kwa bokosi katiriji.

Kusankha tepi mfuti

Mfuti tepi Amagwila nchito kwa kuwayika adalira makatiriji ndi cm makamaka Chrixitu. Chakudya lamba kwa anasamutsa Chuck m'chipinda ikuchitika limagwirira, amene actuated ndi mphamvu mbali kusunthira zida, ndi katiriji lotsatira angathe mosamalitsa kumatanthauza (sitepe) kwa chakudya lotsatira gawo.

Katiriji riboni ali wochepa "akufa" kulemera kuposa zida sitolo, i.e. unyinji wa chopanda kanthu masitolo tepi kulemera zochepa kanthu zochokera kwa ofanana chiwerengero cha makatiriji. Panopa, ndi zofunika kunadetsa kukula kwa moto mwamphamvu ndi nthawi, komanso kuonjezera maneuverability zida, kachitidwe tepi kudya ambiri ntchito yaikulu likungosonyeza, makina olemera ndi mfuti kuwala makina. Chifukwa kukhalapo kwa zolephera zingapo, kulenga ena anachitazi pa ntchito, ankakhalira ntchito pa kusintha kwa malamba mfuti ya makina amene amafuna kapangidwe kwambiri.

A mbiri pang'ono

Munthu woyamba dongosolo kotunga tepi kwa katiriji unitary ntchito makina mfuti ndi Buku pagalimoto Bailey (Bailey). dongosolo ndi amodzi chipata ndi onsewo mbiya wagawo anali okhala mu 1876. Mfuti tepi ntchito mu dongosolo Bailey ankaimira chinsalu Mzere sewn ndi gons L woboola pakati zitsulo. Zopalira wa makatiriji chubu-mtundu angagwirizanitse kwa gon. Pambuyo malaya anawomberedwa amakhalabe mu filimu.

Nakhalabe dongosolo ndi experimental Bailey osati ankagwiritsa ntchito. Woyamba moona misa chitsanzo anali mwambi wakale makina mfuti dongosolo. Tepi kwa chida ichi chinali chophweka mu kapangidwe ndi ndi Baibulo elongated wa lamba bandolier. Awiri chinsalu Mzere sewn wina ndi mzake kupanga kupyolera, ndi phula matumba ofanana makatiriji.

mitundu

Amachita zimenezi, pali mitundu iwiri yaikulu ya makina malamba mfuti: kugawa okhwima. Zoyambazo, nayenso, anawagawa zofewa, theka-okhwima ndipo pamodzi. tepi mfuti akhale wa nsalu kapena thonje, ndi zitsulo masika, pulasitiki. Nkhani wotchuka kwambiri kwa tepi katiriji masiku ano zitsulo, chifukwa zokayikitsa anakhudzidwa ndi zinthu mumlengalenga.

Monga njira kujowina mbali mitundu iwiri ya n'kupanga zitsulo: ndi mfundo detachable ndi kutalika lokhazikika. The kugawanika tepi limasonyeza munthu pogwirizanitsa okha makatiriji ndi zida zake. Pa kuwombera, pamene ejection wa manja polumikiza, mayunitsi anamwazikana. matepi amenewa satanthauza m'litali, ndi phazi limodzi ndi zosavuta kusamalira, monga zinthu yochepetsetsa IFVs ndi APCs.

M'munda wa kachitidwe amodzi kutalika lamba ntchito. Iwo ndi amodzi-chidutswa mayunitsi amaphatikiza wina ndi mzake, kuchotsa kulekana pa ntchito, kuzilola kuti adzathe kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo. Izi tepi reusable. Mfuti tepi 7,62 mamilimita atathana kutalika ntchito machine- mfuti makina Goryunova ndi yunifolomu mfuti makina Kalashnikov. Mphamvu malamba amenewa ali ku makatiriji 50 250.

Chovuta zipolopolo lamba - ndi zitsulo Mzere stamped mu matumba ake kwa zipolopolo. Ouma tepi sasiyana maudindo kupatula chifukwa cha kuphweka chipangizo. chawo ndi otsika. Ndi ntchito mfuti katundu makina, monga "Gochkiss" dongosolo.

zofunikira kwa malamba mfuti

Pamene basi chida makina malamba mfuti pansi jerks ndi khama ndithu. Motero, chimodzi mwa zofunika zazikulu tepi ndi mphamvu yake. Ndi chifukwa pamwamba chachikulu cha machitidwe a zida ndi mayendedwe ake.

Pamene zokha amaperekedwa kwa katiriji wolandila ayenera kukhala ndi udindo mosamalitsa kutchula. Ichi chikanapha kuthetsa kuwapotoza, ndipo monga Motero, akuchedwa kuwombera. Akukonzekera katiriji mu tepi ayenera kukhala odalirika mu malo ena ndi sadzathyoledwa pamene kugwedeza pamene kuwombera kapena kunyamula. Motero mphamvu chofunika eject ndi katiriji ku latch sayenera lalikulu kwambiri kwa zida zachilendo basi.

kulumikizana chipangizo

Aliyense tepi mfuti nthawi zonse ali ndi chipangizo cha kutseka kwa katiriji ndipo agwirizane izo. Zitsulo Kukhazikitsa gulu ndi katiriji mayikidwe ikuchitika mlingo umodzi mwatsatanetsatane pa nthawi. Kuti izi ndi makutu kugwirizana, imene malaya abuts ndi pansi kapena protrusions (michira) mlingo kugwa mu inabala wa kudzanja. Kukhazikitsa mukhoza kupeza moganizira stingray zapamadzi pamwamba lamkati la mlingo limbikitsa. The makatiriji chinsalu tepi mayikidwe chitachitidwa ntchito aliyense wa chakhumi kugawa zitsulo mbale, zomwe zimachititsa yaitali kudzalamulira chinsalu Mzere. Kukonza ndi mayikidwe zimatheka likuvutika makutu chinsalu mu Dultsev wamanja.

Mumadziwika makina mfuti ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse

Mu zaka za m'ma makumi awiri ndi mfuti anali amaziona ngati mtundu wapadera wa chida ndi sipekitiramu yopapatiza wa mamishoni nkhondo. Mwa mwezi wa atumwi, mtundu wa chida chimodzi cha njira yofunika kwambiri ya nkhondo pa pafupi zosiyanasiyana sing'anga. Baibulo la kufunika kwa zida zimenezi zinachitika Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, nthawi imeneyi, mifuti akhala lodziwika bwino zitsanzo ndi prototypes kwa M'tsogolo. Mfuti wotchuka kwambiri ya nkhondo yachiwiri, imene ntchito makatiriji tepi dongosolo kotunga zili m'munsimu:

• General-cholinga makina mfuti MG 42. German makina mfuti MG 42 7.92 ndi mamilimita Mauser (yochepa Maschinengewehr, amene anamasuliridwa kuti "mfuti makina"), lalandiridwa ndi Wehrmacht mu 1942. Malinga ndi zida akatswiri ambiri ankaona yabwino makina mfuti nthawi yake. Lodziwika kwa kuphweka, mayiko, durability, kudalirika ndi pamwamba mlingo onse chosaola cha moto.
• Lodziwika bwino 7,62 mamilimita makina mfuti "limakhulupirira" chitsanzo cha 1941 ndi khosi ndi anawonjezera yozizira jekete. M'munda, chipale chofewa anali ntchito kuziziritsa mbiya.
• 7.62 mm makina mfuti dongosolo Goryunova SG 43. Kutacha ndi kutengedwa mu 1943 mmalo mwa "limakhulupirira" ndi mfuti Degtyarev DS 39.

Potsegula tepi mfuti

Zida lamba angathe kuchitidwa pamanja, ngakhale pali yotsimikizika kuti mfundo imeneyi. Koma pamene wambirimbiri zipolopolo, makina wapadera chifukwa cha phindu malamba mfuti. chipangizo A chifukwa potsegula zipolopolo malamba Rakova dongosolo. makina, anaikira makatiriji wa 7,62 mm, tichipeza zigawo zingapo izi: a hopper, makina pansi, tepi retainer wotsirizitsa ndi achepetsa, wodyetsa, gwirani tiyipukuse ndi, mapanelo, clamps, tsegula ndodo, siyani tepi. The hopper ladzala makatiriji kuti kuwataya kudutsa izo. Tsegulani tepi chivundikiro ali anaikapo pansi links. The katiriji woyamba anaikapo mu unit pamanja, tepi katiriji yaikidwa motsutsa potsegula ndodo. Chifukwa cha phindu chogwiririra ndi zimayenda wogawana mu mobwerera malangizo, ndipo kufunika kuwonjezera yolimbanirana ndi bunker ndi kuonetsetsa kuti lamba si anapotoza pamene zida zankhondo.

Pamene tsegula Buku tepi aikidwa pa chikhato cha dzanja lake lamanzere nsonga palokha ndipo amakhala chala chake. Dzanja lake lamanja ndi makatiriji anaikapo ali alemba ntchito mayunitsi kuti Kuchepetsa protrusion m'gulu la annular poyambira wa katiriji lapansi. Izo kutiletsa akonzekeretse riboni kudzera kugwirizana chimodzi, tingayambe breakage wa kulumikizana, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kuonongeka makatiriji.

katiriji bokosi

Chifukwa chomasuka ntchito ndi zoyendera okonzeka ndi lamba zikugwirizanira mabokosi wapadera pansi malamba mfuti:

• Cylindrical (mfuti RAPs) imene tepi mpukutu wopindidwa. Pamene tepi ikulira, pamene kuwombera, onsewo mayina lonse zimene anakhala zida mphamvu ndithu.
• Amakona anayi (mfuti PC / PCM, CPV, NSV "zimayambitsa"). tepi aikidwa kudutsa mizere ya mabokosi. The chakudya limagwirira amasuntha yekha mzere chapamwamba mu bokosi ndipo zikulendewera mbali ya lamba.

Amakona anayi katiriji mabokosi alandira ntchito kwambiri mu zitsanzo zamakono za mfuti zoopsa. kukula zimadalira mtundu ndi kuchuluka mu makatiriji tepi. Katiriji mabokosi kwa mfuti kuti ntchito makatiriji a mtundu womwewo (monga PC, SGM, PKT - 7,62 mamilimita mfuti) ndi mosinthana. Volume mabokosi muyezo zipolopolo - 100, 200 kapena 250 makatiriji, kwa mfuti thanki amapereka mkulu mphamvu bokosi.