Chakudya udzu: kufotokoza

Livestock - m'nthambi wofunika kwambiri ulimi. Cholinga chachikulu ndi kuonetsetsa chimphona (padziko lonse) ziweto kudyetsa. Osati ntchito osachepera kuthetsa yovuta vuto kusewera chakudya dzinthu. Zosiyanasiyana, zakudya mtengo, zomera wodzichepetsa kuthandiza kuti angatani ndi nkhani imeneyi.

dzinthu

udzu banja ali pafupifupi asanu ndi awiri mphambu makumi asanu ndi genera ndi oposa khumi ndi theka zikwi mitundu. Iwo ndi ntchito zosiyana:

• chakudya (tirigu, rye, ndi ena);
• forage (Timoteo, zipatso udzu , etc.)
• ntchito monga chuma kumanga (nsungwi);
• papermaking (amtunduwu);
• monga njira kulimbana kukokoloka kwa nthaka (amphamvu mizu limachititsa kukonza mumchenga);
• udzu (kumene chofunika kukana kuti kupondereza);
• kukongoletsa (makamaka kwa ulemerero wa kapinga lalikulu kapena m'mapaki).

Dzinthu akhoza kuchita monga namsongole. Iwo infest mbewu, zipatso, mpaka zomera yolimidwa. A nthumwi otchuka kwa bedi ndi. Ngakhale therere izi kawirikawiri Ndimatchetcha udzu, ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kuswana kavalo.

Ndipotu chakudya mbewu Udzu - ichi udzu wa banja mbewu monga chimanga, amene ntchito ngati nyama chakudya munda. Zimenezi zingakhale udzu wobiriwira kuvala, ziweto, silage kapena mbewu.

Iwo anafalikira padziko lonse lapansi, kukula mwangwiro m'maiko onse, kuphatikizapo Antarctica. wamtunduwu uyu wotchedwa Antarctic tsitsi udzu, kapena Deschampsia Antarctica, ndi kutchulidwa - pachaka bluegrass. Mu Russia, pansi mbewu wotanganidwa pafupifupi 30% ya acreage lapansi. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito msipu zachilengedwe ndi kuwakulitsa.

N'zovuta Musaone kufunika kwa mbewu monga chimanga. Iwo ali gwero la wapatali, michere chakudya kwa mitundu yonse ziweto. Sikutheka kuti akonze chakudya odalirika pakalibe kapena kuchepa kwa udzu zachilengedwe ndi malo odyetserako ziweto, popanda afesedwa udzu chakudya. Mu agronomy ntchito luso lawo kusintha mankhwala zikuchokera nthaka, zawachitikira ndi kuwonjezeka zokolola za mbewu wotsatira.

mtundu wa udzu

A banja la mbewu chakudya umaimiridwa ndi ambiri zomera. Ali classifications zingapo:

• Moyo amayembekezeka:

- annuals;

- yaitali;

• ndi mtundu wa tillering:

- pomwepo kenaka;

- ryhlokustovye;

- plotnokustovye;

• Kutalika kwa udzu:

- Hatchi;

- poluverhovye;

- pa grassroots;

• ndi kukulitsa malingaliro:

- chikhalidwe;

- zakutchire.

Kufotokozera ya zakudya zachimanga:

• Tsinde. Otchedwa culm, zambiri dzenje, kugawanika mfundo. Kwenikweni, minofu zofewa neodrevesnevevshaya, koma palinso mtengo-ngati mawonekedwe - nsungwi. Chimakula msanga, kufika kutalika mamita 30.
• Mphukira. Kodi kukhala vegetative ndi zobereka. Nthambi inflorescence zone kapena tillering.
• Masamba. Yopapatiza, zambiri popanda tsinde sessile, nyini si kutsekedwa. Chokani kwa aliyense mfundo ndi munthu, mmodzi ndi mmodzi. M'magulu awiri mizere pandunji pa tsinde la.
• Mizu. dongosolo fibrous bwino zimatenga ndipo amasonkhana madzi ndi zakudya.
• Inflorescence. Pali mitundu ingapo: panicles, makutu, makutu mphonje, plumes (kukwera panicles). Total inflorescence tichipeza maluwa angapo.
• Maluwa. Kawirikawiri hermaphroditic (munali pistil ndi stamens), inconspicuous, ang'onoang'ono, palibe perianth zolaula. Odzi- kapena mphepo mungu.
• Zipatso. Otchedwa weevil (colloquially - tirigu), pericarp nkomwe mbali kwa mbewu, n'kuwasanganiza - Single Jack (ovule wina ndi M'mimbamo limodzi).

Vegetative kubalana zikachitika, mbewu kapena ntchito rhizomes.

osatha

Osatha forage udzu kukula pa msipu zachilengedwe ndi hayfields, ntchito zosakaniza. Oimira hedgehog, ryegrass, Timoteo, brome, beardless, foxtail ndi ena. Zimakhala bwino kukula ndi kubala mbewu pa nyengo zingapo. mwa chiwerengero cha zaka:

• moyo wautali wa ang'ono - zaka 2-3;
• pafupifupi moyo wautali - zaka 4-5;
• Kale - oposa zaka 5.

forage Onse osatha udzu mtanda mungu. Mphepo kubereketsa zomera chidzachitika maola m'mawa. Pakuti udzu chabwino ndi mbewu osypaemost.

Annuals

Pachaka forage udzu moyo chaka chimodzi. The oimira gulu la zomera monga mantha, chimanga, Sudan udzu, ryegrass pachaka, ngale mawere, tirigu, Mapila ndi ena.

Nthawi zambiri zofesedwa zikuchokera zosakaniza, monga manyuchi kukolola silage. Sudan udzu apereka zokolola kwambiri nsipu ndi okhutira mkulu mapuloteni. Mantha watsimikizira yokha mu kapangidwe ka lamba wobiriwira. Zimayamba kuyeretsa pa ejection wa panicles, ndi kudyedwa ndi mitundu yonse ya ulimi. nyama ndi mbalame.

m'tchire

Forage udzu akhoza kukhala zosamveka. zomera ndi inafalitsidwa mu steppe ndi steppe nkhalango mabacteria. Iwo ali mmodzi wa mitundu ikuluikulu chakudya, osati kokha kwa ziweto, komanso ungulates zakutchire. Fibrous mizu molondola amasunga pansi, wosunga expanses lalikulu la steppe mu maonekedwe ake apachiyambi.