Grass chakudya: mbuzi rue, clover, nyemba, wokoma clover. Zothandiza katundu, kulima

Pachaka kapena osatha forage udzu - mbewu wapatali kuti mwakula chakudya nyama. Yodziwika ndi phindu lochuluka, zakudya mtengo ndi udindo wofunika kwambiri ndi ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana kulimbitsa chakudya m'munsi. Kukula iwo pa forage wobiriwira, silage, haylage, udzu, udzu chakudya ndi chikhalidwe odyetserako.

Grass forage - chakudya wapatali chifukwa lili mapuloteni, chakudya, CHIKWANGWANI, ndipo zosiyanasiyana mavitamini ndi mchere zofunika chitukuko zabwinobwino komanso kukula kwa nyama. Mtengo wake zachuma zimadalira zakudya, zokolola, palatability ziweto, komanso kuchuluka m'madera osiyana.

Mitundu ya udzu forage

Mu dziko lathu akulimidwa mitundu yoposa 80 chikhalidwe, ndipo pali pafupifupi 5,000 m'mayiko achilengedwe.

chakudya msipu wonse anawagawa m'magulu 4:

• nyemba;
• Tirigu;
• sedge;
• forbs.

Pa nthawi yonse ya moyo wa chakudya udzu akhoza kukhala annuals ndi perennials.

Banja la nyemba

Nyemba forage udzu m'mayiko forage dziko lathu likupezeka mu wochepa, koma ali ndi katundu mwachilungamo mkulu chakudya: chikhalidwe wolemera mapuloteni ndipo kwambiri kudyedwa ndi nyama. Kwambiri ambiri clover (wofiira, woyera, pinki), Kakombo corniculatus, nyemba, wachikasu, dambo, etc. udindo.

Banja la udzu

gulu ambiri pafupifupi m'madera (kupatula zipululu) ndipo amapereka zambiri za mbewu za ziweto forage kapena udzu (zambiri kuti 80-90%). dzinthu kwambiri mkulu kumbuyo ulemu, makamaka achinyamata chikhalidwe chawo. Pa senouborki pa kuumitsa zitsamba zimenezi bwino anapulumutsidwa masamba, amene ali mbali kwambiri. Tirigu kwambiri ambiri monga nthenga, quackgrass, Ostrets neri Al.

Sedge chakudya udzu

Kwa gulu ili zitsamba monga zomera za mabanja Cyperaceae ndi Juncaceae. zikhalidwe izi amaonedwa kukhala a phindu lenileni mu dongosolo chakudya, ndipo m'malo zoipa kudyedwa ndi nyama, koma kumpoto kwa woyendera nthambi nkhalango amakhala zambiri za udzu (madzi sedge, Carex wochepa, ndi ena). Ndipo mu chipululu ndi theka chipululu, sedges ambiri wapatali forage mbewu.

udzu motley

gulu Izi zikuphatikizapo ena onse botanical chomera banja. Udzu - dambo udzu forage, zomwe zikhoza kukhala kuti 60-70% choona. Mbali yaikulu ya iwo n'kofunika kwambiri chuma. Zomera za gulu zopatsa thanzi kuposa mbewu monga chimanga, koma ambiri a iwo kuli kudyedwa ndi nyama chifukwa cha zowawa kulawa, thorniness, pubescence ndi ena. Udzu zili Small (khafu, dandelion, chitowe, etc.) Mu ayime (20%) - zofunika ntchito chifukwa mchere zikuchokera bwino palatability ndi kudyetsa ziweto zake.

A ambiri zitsamba kuti gululi ntchito herbage udzu kwambiri osafunika, chifukwa:

• izo displaces ya nyemba wapatali kwambiri ndipo dzinthu;
• mwa udzu opezeka kwambiri namsongole (kumunda bindweed, nthula chikasu ndi ena.) ndi poizoni (chakupha buttercup, hellebore, yachitika chakupha aconite ndi ena.) zomera.

Dyetsani udzu pachaka

The peculiarity wa forage pachaka udzu kuti mkombero chitukuko udzatha mu chaka, ndipo iwo amafa. Bzalani kwa greenery pa kudya, silage, komanso kupereka chakudya kulimbikira. udzu pachaka kupereka mkulu zokolola za misa wobiriwira, ndi mtengo wapatali zakudya, ndi nyengo yochepa kukula.

Chifukwa chakuti ndikutchetcha zomera chikapsa amapezeka pafupifupi 50-60 masiku, zikhalidwe zimenezi n'zofunika kwambiri mbewu wapakatikati, angapo wotanganidwa.

udzu pachaka anawagawa mitundu iwiri:

• nyemba;
• bluegrass (mbewu monga chimanga).

Pachaka legume mbewu forage ndi zofesedwa kasupe oyambirira. The zomera chidali - kasupe ndi yozizira vetch, udindo, chakudya lupine, ornithopus.

Monga chimanga udzu ndi zina kutentha wachikondi annuals, iwo anabzala mu nthaka bwino mkangano chifukwa yofesa mbewu oyambirira masika. The lofunika kwambiri: Sudan udzu, mantha, manyuchi, ryegrass pachaka, Siberia mapira, ngale mapira ndi ena.

Osatha forage udzu

Osatha forage udzu - kufesa zomera herbaceous, moyo amayembekezeka lomwe chaka kuposa wina. Mwakula chakudya nyama.

chikhalidwe zikuphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 50 ya zomera. Iwo zofesedwa zambiri mu mawonekedwe a udzu zosakaniza, amene ali ndi zotsatira zabwino za khalidwe forage ndi chonde. Bzalani mbeu oyera ndi kulenga msipu nakulitsa ndi mbewu kasinthasintha.

M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, udzu osatha zikukwaniritsidwa pang'onopang'ono ndithu, inamera namsongole ndi zingabweretse zokolola otsika. Chotero, tikulimbikitsidwa pambuyo kufesa mbewu monga chimanga kapena mbewu mzere mu manyowa composted kapena nthaka.

udzu osatha ndi chakudya anawagawa:

• Poa (udzu). Ambiri: Timoteo, brome, ryegrass osatha, udzu tirigu, ryegrass wamtali, Kentucky bluegrass, ryegrass mnogoukosny, wochepa wheatgrass, zipatso udzu, bentgrass woyera, ndi wofiira fescue, foxtail ndi ena.
• Nyemba: nyemba, clover woyera, wofiira clover, clover pinki, sainfoin, Kakombo corniculatus.

Kuti akonze kwambiri zipatso udzu kufunika kugwilizana Yokakamiza ndi waukulu makhalidwe ulimi chikhalidwe kulima.

rue mbuzi

Kozljatnika chikukhudza therere ndi osatha wa m'banja la nyemba. Mapulaniwo nthambi chilili, zambiri akafika kutalika kwa 1 m, ndi dothi lachonde akhoza kukula kwa 1.5 m. The mizu ali ndi mtundu ndodo, germinates ndi masentimita 80 kuya. Pa muzu waukulu chiwerengero cha ana umatulutsa. Choyamba, kukhala horizontally kuti masentimita 30 ndipo ndiye zimamera ndi kupanga zimayambira latsopano.

Masamba imparipinnate unayambika zomera, mpaka 30 cm.

Mbuzi rue - forage udzu ndi wotumbululuka violet kapena maluwa buluu kuti amaoneka ngati mabelu, omwe anasonkhana mu inflorescence-burashi. Ulendo uliwonse tsinde kumeneko akhoza kupangidwa zidutswa 3-5. Fruiting amapezeka mu September ndi October. Nyemba kukula yaing'ono (2-4 masentimita yaitali), mdima lalanje, pafupifupi bulauni, 3-7 mu mbewu zipatso. rue mbuzi ali ndi kukula m'malo pang'onopang'ono, ndipo ngati si mpaka m'dzinja limakula cm 20 kutalika, ndi nthawi zambiri workpiece ndi kunditumiza ku chaka chamawa.

Mbewu akukhalabe khalidwe la kumera kwa zaka 8.

rue mbuzi si chisanu zosagwira zomera kuti akhoza kulekerera bwino ngakhale nyengo wankhanza kwambiri.

2 kudziwika mitundu imeneyi mbewu kum'maŵa rue mbuzi (therere chakudya) ndi mankhwala.

ryegrass pachaka

wapatali kwambiri forage mbewu, kupereka yabwino wobiriwira ndi udzu. Unyinji wobiriwira lili 3.2% mapuloteni, 2.3% mapuloteni, 8% zakudya CHIKWANGWANI. Akewo kudyedwa ndi ng'ombe, kuwonjezera, ndi kudya wabwino kwa mbalame zoweta. Pachaka ryegrass udzu zopatsa thanzi si otsika udzu wa mantha, Sudan udzu ndi mbewu zina monga chimanga. Nyama kudya bwino ndi udzu. zokolola lapachaka la udzu - za 7-8 T / ha wa misa wobiriwira - kuti 20-30 T / ha, mbewu - 0.5-0.6 T / ha.

Pachaka ryegrass ali mkulu otavnost, nyengo kukula amapereka mowings 2-3. Pambuyo ndikutchetcha chachiwiri kukula zotsatira angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati msipu forage mpaka kugwa mochedwa chifukwa amalola frosts zazing'ono kugwa.

melilot

Izi wodzichepetsa pachaka kapena biennial legume, luso kukula pa osauka kwambiri, mchenga, miyala ndi dongo dothi, komanso m'madera amene palibe topsoil. clover chomera si mantha saline ndi dothi zamchere, koma salola madambo acidic likukulira m'dziko lolemera, ndi umakhala pafupi ku gome madzi. The mizu ndi champhamvu komanso otukuka, kotero therere uyu akhoza kupereka zokoma m'madera louma kumene mbewu zina forage kuwotcha. Pamene zedi okwanira mvula zokolola za misa wobiriwira angafikire matani 8.7 / ha.

clover zomera ndi bwino ntchito osati chakudya komanso manyowa wobiriwira.

Mbewu kumera pa kutentha kwa 2 50 ° C, mphukira chingathe kupirira yozizira koopsa -6 ...- 5 ° C ndi ozizira zosagwira osatha ena mitundu chisanu saopa 40 ° C.

Lokoma clover ndi lofunika mkulu-mapuloteni chakudya chomera, amene si zopatsa thanzi otsika clover, nyemba ndi sainfoin. Iwo nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu meadows, wopanda zambiri, roadsides.

Ndi chilala zosagwira, ozizira zosagwira ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda zomera ndi tizirombo oyenera greenery, silage ndi udzu. Kodi kukhala wamkulu zosakaniza onse, komanso zawo.

woyera clover

Chimakula bwino mchenga, loamy ofooka dothi acidic kapena ndale. M'chaka choyamba cha udzu (clover) akhoza maluwa ndi kubala mbewu. M'chaka chachiwiri cha moyo umabwera kutukula. Pa malo amodzi akhoza kukula kwa zaka 9-10.

Grass (clover), chinyezi ndipo dzuwa wachikondi, chisanu kugonjetsedwa. Ndi bwino wamkulu m'madera lonyowa ozizira nyengo, pamene palibe chilala.

Kufesa woyera clover ndi zabwino forage zomera zimene zili zambiri zomanga thupi. ng'ombe Pritaptyvanie pamene msipu si ziletsa chomera M'malo mwake, izo kumathandiza kuti kukwawira bwino. Kudzala legume kuti bwino chonde. kulolerana zake zikuchokera ndi Timoteo udzu zosakaniza, ryegrass ndi zomera zina bwino chakudya khalidwe msipu udzu - kuchuluka mapuloteni okhutira, phosphorous, mafuta, calcium, potaziyamu, ndipo kumachepetsa CHIKWANGWANI. The zokolola za misa wobiriwira meadows wa - za 60-120 makilogalamu / ha, udzu za 18-35 makilogalamu / ha, mbewu 3.0-5.0 T / ha.

nyemba

Ichi ndi osatha udzu forage nyemba. Ntchito zonse monga chakudya wobiriwira, ndi chopezera mkulu khalidwe udzu. mbewu nyemba amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zolinga mankhwala. Culture bwino dongosolo nthaka, komanso asafe wabwino nthaka ndi kuwononga namsongole. Yodziwika ndi kukana mkulu chilala ndi chisanu hardiness. Mu herbage sangachitepo zaka 10 kapena kuposa. Pambuyo ndikutchetcha limakula pang'onopang'ono.

zomera wakonda kudyetsa wakuda nthaka, nkhalango-steppe loam, peat ndi zofiirira dothi imvi ndi zina laimu kulemera nthaka. Nyemba limakula bwino pa dothi madzi ndi katundu dongo.

mbewu muli zambiri mavitamini ndi mapuloteni. Bwino digested ndi herbivores. Nyemba mbewu yofesedwa onse mu mawonekedwe woyera ndi kusakanizikana.