Mbewu ndi Oilseeds

Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ankadya tsiku anthu dziko, anaonetsetsa nthambi yofunika kwambiri ulimi - ulimi, maziko a nthawi zonse ankatengedwa mbewu ndi oilseeds. Tiyeni tikambirane zigawo izi zofunika za mafakitale zikayenda ndi chiyembekezo.

dzinthu

Dzinthu amapanga gawo amphamvu kwambiri buku lonse la opangidwa selskhozproduktov lonse. Iwo amakula 60% ya dziko lonse olimapo ndi acreage ali wotanganidwa mokwanira ena limati. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, monga zikhalidwe izi ndi maziko chachikulu zakudya za anthu m'dziko lililonse, mbali yaikulu ya zakudya za nyama ndi popanga zipangizo zopangira kawirikawiri chapakati m'madera ambiri a makampani. Pafupifupi 80% ya dziko buku tirigu wotanganidwa tirigu, chimanga ndi mpunga. Tiuzeni za zomera.

tirigu

Kuyambira Kale, chikhalidwe yambewu kutsogolera. Kusankha ntchito pa chitukuko cha latsopano, mitundu zambiri zosagwira sasiya ngakhale kwa ola limodzi, kuti m'madera osiyana akukula ndinazolowera m'deralo zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Madera asonyeza kuti kulima zakudya zachimanga izi amaonedwa m'chipululu cha America ndi Canada, ndi Argentine chikhalidwe olimapo dziko, Russia, Australia, China ndi maiko ena ndiponso mayiko.

mpunga

Ndi kukula kwa mbewu mpunga, chachikulu chakudya cha anthu a ku Asia, lili pa nambala wachiwiri dziko. Chikhalidwe - waukulu zikuluzikulu za m'madera ambiri mafakitale zinyalala zomwe chakudya enaake ziweto chakudya. luso lenileni la kulima mpunga n'chotheka mu kotentha chinyezi, kotero malo ake kupanga mwachirengedwe anazindikira mayiko kum'mwera ndi kum'mwera kum'mawa kwa Africa Asian. Mtsogoleri yamphamvu mu kulima ndi mndandanda wa mpunga - China, opanga yaikulu - Japan, Thailand, India.

chimanga

Pogwiritsa ntchito chikhalidwe: chakudya ndi mbewu chakudya. Mexico wobadwa chimanga - kutentha wachikondi mbewu, kulima amene ali anaikira m'madera ndi wofatsa nyengo, ofunda kotentha M'madera a zitunda. M'madera chachikulu cha ulimi ndi zigwa American, yomwe ili kum'mwera kwa Wamkulu Lakes. The Waogula Zinthu Kunja yaikulu ya chimanga m'mayiko North ndi South America losadziwika.

oilseeds

Azitona ndi zomera, zipatso kapena mbewu imene kutulutsa mafuta mafuta.

Mbewu oilseeds muli 60% mafuta ndipo maziko yopangira masamba mafuta ndi chakudya kwambiri kapena tanthauzo luso. Iwo ntchito monga chakudya kapena zipangizo liza ndi lubricants, ntchito kuphika, Confectionery, kumalongeza, mankhwala ndi malonda kununkhira opangira utoto ndi ena.

Pakuti oilseeds ndi mitundu botanical zosiyanasiyana mabanja: dzungu, maolivi, nyemba, mumamera paini, Euphorbiaceae, yasnotkovyh ndi ena ambiri. Ambiri a iwo, ndi mndandanda wa mabanja a zomera tichipeza maudindo zoposa 30. Mafuta opangidwa kuchokera ku iwo, tsopano amapanga 70% kuchuluka kwa mafuta amadya dziko.

Progressive malingaliro m'malo a nyama mafuta ndi masamba ndi kupezeka wachibale wa mankhwala awa kwambiri adakula mwamphamvu kupanga awo ndi malonda zisakuyenda bwino. M'mayiko okhazikika mu kulima mafuta osauka, kuchepetsa zogulitsa kunja mafuta mogwirizana ndi chitukuko cha maofesi yake kwa processing ndi kugulitsa salinso zipangizo kumalizira mankhwala.

mbewu Oilseed ndi zomera okhala katundu wofunika toning - tiyi, Rubiaceae (khofi), Malvaceae (koko). Iwo mwakula m'madera zochepa - .. Mu kotentha ndi mayiko, mwachitsanzo malo a ulimi ndi anaikira mu maiko ambiri South Asian - Malaysia, India ndi ena.

NKHANI kupanga oilseed ku Russia

Ngakhale kuti mu Russia ambiri m'madera ili mu mabacteria ndi nyengo m'malo wouma mtima, ndi m'madera mbeu anaikira mu M'madera a zitunda kotentha ndi chokhala (m'dera Volga, Siberia, Prikavkaze, ndi Urals ndi Far East) miyambo gawo ulimi, kuphatikizapo kulima oilseeds zomera kukhala intensively. ulimi mu Russia chimakwirira ambiri gawo kupanga mbewu, kuwonjezera pa kulima mbewu zosowa, osayenera kuti zinthu m'banja.

mitundu itatu lalikulu la tirigu, umatchedwanso Russian oilseeds - mpendadzuwa, soya, canola. mbewu zawo zatenga pafupifupi 4 miliyoni mahekitala ndipo ena zimalimidwa chopezera mafuta ndi ufa ndi mkulu chigawo mapuloteni. Mafuta ntchito kuphika, chakudya - monga mbali ya zakudya za nyama.

Zinthu zokhudza kulima mbewu ndi magawo a kupangidwa

Kukula zomera chimadalira pa zinthu mwangwiro Kupititsa: nyengo makhalidwe, kapangidwe chonde, malo m'mayiko ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu mabacteria louma pouma pansi chimanga bwino anayamba ndi chinyezi mkulu kapena katundu mvula kumbuyo kupeza mbewu zabwino tirigu. Choncho, udindo wa kukonzekera nthawi zonse anapatutsa buku la mbewu ndi kugwilizana ndi zofunikira za zomera zina ndi nyengo ya m'derali.

Pali 4 masiteji, amene anawagawa dongosolo lonse yopanga mbewu ndi oilseeds:

• kukonzekera mbewu kama;

• kufesa;

• kukolola;

• kupereka yosungirako ndi zoyendera kuthekera makasitomala kapena mapurosesa.

Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za kulima oilseeds, agwilitse waukulu afesedwa dera Russia.

mpendadzuwa

Woimira oilseed mpendadzuwa - mosalekeza mbewu. Pa pali nthawizonse ankafuna mkulu mu dziko, popeza zambiri za masamba mafuta opangidwa kuchokera mpendadzuwa. Mafuta wotchuka mkulu makhalidwe gustatory pa kupanga bwino ndi kutsukidwa zosafunika. Yaikulu kuchuluka kwa kumwa mankhwala: chikunenera kudyedwa, ntchito kupanga utoto, vanishi, utsi ndi lubricants, mu kupanga sopo. Zinyalala - mkate ndi chakudya - ndi maziko kwambiri kwa kupanga chakudya nyama. Nakulitsa monga yokongola chomera mpendadzuwa ndi mbewu yabwino ku njuchi. Kudzera mwa obereketsa zimaŵetedwa ku chikhalidwe, ngakhale mphira mitundu.
Mpendadzuwa asonyeza m'madera ofunda ndi lachonde wakuda lapansi. Zimafunika yaitali kukula nyengo, ndi pa maluwa - mokwanira mkulu kutentha (25-30˚S) nthaka chinyezi ndi chitetezo. Zolemba malire ananena zokolola matani 45 pa mahekitala. Bwino kwambiri kulima mpendadzuwa mu Russia ndi Southern, Central ndi Volga m'maboma feduro.

soybean

Oilseeds ndi mbadwa ya Asia East - soya. Izo kumene kuphunzitsidwa dziko, koma chotchuka kwambiri ndi ali ndi gawo lalikulu Far East (Amur Region ndi Khabarovsk Gawo) ndi Black Lapansi, naperekanso Stavropol ndi Krasnodar Gawo. Limited dera kulima soya ngati chikhalidwe cha masiku yaitali, zofunika za nyengo mokwanira chinyezi ndi kutentha. Market ofufuza atapereka anthu amanena kuti mu zaka zingapo zotsatira, mbewu ya soya adzakhala pawiri chifukwa cha yaikulu ntchito kusankha, zotsatira zomwe lero ndi chiwerengero cha mitundu anazindikira ndinazolowera zikhalidwe kwambiri kukula.

The pang'ono kumwa soya mu adzasowa chakudya mu Russia compensates zikuchuluka nthawi zonse amafuna monga mankhwala exportable, akufunitsitsa kugula kunja. Komanso, kuyambira chiyambi cha m'ma wakhala kuwonjezeka lakuthwa mu mowa chakudya nyama soya ofotokoza, kupereka phindu wabwino.

kugwirira

Banja yaikulu amatchedwa "oilseed" zikuphatikizapo kugwirira, yowonjezera acreage amene anali mmodzi wa Russian zofunika agrarian ndondomeko. Lero, mbewu canola anakwana mahekala 1 miliyoni. Canola mafuta ndi mkulu unsaturated mafuta zidulo - chakudya chabwino. Kunja, ndi bwino mpendadzuwa, agwilitse ndi udindo waukulu ku Russia, kotero msika mankhwala zimenezi kungakupatseni m'tsogolo muno.

Kugwiririra monga lofunika chakudya ndi uchi chikhalidwe. Green misa ndi mbewu za zomera kudyetsedwa kwa nyama, amene zakudya anakhalabe ndi zinyalala ku ulimi wa mafuta - mkate ndi chakudya. Kutalika kwa maluwa oilseed kugwiriridwa - masiku 30, amene amalola ntchito mbewu monga chakudya cha njuchi.

Onaninso zotsatira phytosanitary chikhalidwe ndi mphamvu yake kudziunjikira pa nkhani nthaka organic, kuwongolera kwambiri dongosolo.

Choncho, oilseeds ndi zomera monga chimanga ndiwo maziko a ulimi - mbewu.