Agriculture: oilseeds. Shrovetide Russian chikhalidwe

Pancake ndi mbewu zatenga malo apadera ulimi mu gawo la Chitaganya cha Russia. Mafuta, amene anachokera ku mbewu zawo ndi zipatso, ndi zopindulitsa.

Oilseeds: mndandanda wa zomera

Kakwamba ntchito makampani chakudya, zinthu monga mmodzi wa zipangizo waukulu yaiwisi ya ulimi. Ambiri Shrovetide Russian chikhalidwe - kugwirira, mpiru, soya, Kasitolo, mpendadzuwa. Mndandanda mulinso perilla, lallemantia, zitsamba, safflower, chiponde ndi ena ambiri. Processing mbewu mafuta ndi imodzi mwa mbali yaikulu ya pulaimale Malawi.

mpendadzuwa

Iye mitu mndandanda, amene akupereka Pancake munda mbewu. Mpendadzuwa pa gawo dziko anayamba kukhala m'ma 18 atumwi. Ndi nthawi iyi yake oilseeds kufalitsa Kuban, Saratov ndi Voronezh malo. Ndi chiyambi cha mpendadzuwa Wachiwiri World wotanganidwa pafupifupi 3 miliyoni. Ha. yapadera kwambiri za zomera Tingaone mu Bulgaria, Hungary ndi Romania.

deta Statistical pa Chitaganya cha Russian

Zokolola angathe mpendadzuwa za 4-5 matani pa mahekitala. Mu 2011, cha Kumwera akalozera dera 14.5 m'ma / ha, ndi Volga - 10,7 m'ma / ha. Minda kutulutsa pafupifupi 27% ya chikhalidwe. The zifukwa ndi otsika zokolola ndi matenda agronomic kasinthasintha njira kulima. Pamodzi ndi izi si otsiriza kufunika zotsatira za tizilombo, matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Komabe, mpendadzuwa -, mbewu yosafuna zambiri mkulu-mafuta. Mu 2006-2010 cholowa cha mbewu yake inali pafupifupi 12%. Mwa zizindikiro wamba mbewu mafuta kupanga mpendadzuwa anatenga 80%. Mu nthawi ya Soviet kuti ankakhulupirira kuti yonse kubereketsa zomera mahekitala akwaniritsa ndi 0.5-1 banja njuchi. Pofika kumayambiriro 70s uchi zokolola zinali zokwana 16.3-3.5 makilogalamu / ha. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo kwambiri kuchuluka mndandanda wa hybrids ndi mitundu ya mpendadzuwa chakula Russia.

Zakudya mtengo wa mpendadzuwa

mafuta akutumikira monga chachikulu chikhalidwe mankhwala processing. Komanso iwo analandira kuchokera mpendadzuwa zosiyanasiyana mbali chakudya. Mwachitsanzo, mtengo umodzi ndi ntchito chomera zimayambira mu malonda zamkati. Iwoŵa dongosolo la 40-48% ya mapadi. Komanso, mpendadzuwa mapesi ntchito yopanga matabwa CHIKWANGWANI. Ponseponse zomera ulimi - izo ntchito monga mbewu chakudya. Kumapeto wouma chilimwe pa kubzala mbewu therefrom misa wobiriwira analandira. Iye nayenso, ntchito kuti silage.

Pancake fulakesi

Iwo imafalira makamaka m'madera ouma ndi ofunda. Makamaka, chikhalidwe wakula mu Western, Central ndi Asia South, South, North ndi ku Central America. Posachedwapa unachitikira zosiyanasiyana zatsopano kuzindikira kuthekera kwa kulima ake mu Europe Central. Pancake fulakesi ndi nthambi otsika zomera. Chimakula mpaka 50-80 cm., Malinga chiwerengero cha nthambi kupanga malo zimasiyanasiyana 2 10 kwambiri. mafuta fulakesi ntchito mu adzasowa chakudya. Komanso, ali ngati zinthu yaiwisi kwa utoto ndi zikopa ndi makampani nsapato. Fulakesi keke ali mtengo wapatali zakudya ndi ntchito pokonza chakudya maganizo ng'ombe za mkaka. Ndi pano mapuloteni, CHIKWANGWANI ndi mafuta. Nsalu mkate mosavuta digested ng'ombe. zigawo zikuluzikulu chifukwa michere m'menemo pano, kuchuluka zokolola, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu mkaka. Fulakesi udzu angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga mapepala olembera makalata. Komanso, mbewu imeneyi mafuta ntchito makampani mankhwala.

Makamaka kulima fulakesi

Patsogolo ulimi mu Russia processing wa chikhalidwe kunali kovuta kwambiri. Only mu nthawi Soviet mu minda ndi boma ndi gulu anatha kuonjezera mbewu. Wakhala akwaniritsa pogwiritsa ntchito mechanization. zomera nakulitsa makamaka sing'anga popanda nthambi pa tsinde, koma ndi nthambi pakati pa tsinde la. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, Ulusi wakewo kuti apange pepala kapena cottonization. kupanga izi sizachilendo mu America. Mapulaniwo Shrovetide fulakesi zambiri wamphamvu kuposa kupota, ndipo ali ndi ulusi ang'onoang'ono.

mpiru woyera

mbewu Izi mafuta anachokera ku Mediterranean, Eastern India ndi Ulaya. Kuyambira kale, mpiru ntchito monga therere mankhwala ndi zonunkhira. Monga oilseeds icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito posachedwapa. Ngakhale kuti adzaupereka kwa Yarov m'minda, iwo ali kugawa ndi zochepa. M'zaka zapitazi, mpiru amachita ngati mbewu wapakatikati chakudya.

soybean

Ichi ndi therere pachaka wa nyemba banja. Mu soya muzu mabakiteriya yeniyeni pano, chifukwa chimene kutembenuka ikuchitika asafe ali chilengedwe. Soya mapuloteni wolemera (40-45%), mafuta (20%), chakudya (30%). Lilinso ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana mchere (za 5-6%). Mu mapuloteni ndi kwa amino asidi zikuchokera ya soya akuganiza analogue pafupi ndi chakudya nyama. Zotsimikizira zimagwidwa kukula nthawi zonse. Choncho, pa mlingo wa mln 156,5 matani.. Chiwerengerochi kuposa kanjedza chifukwa 1991-1995 ndi 30% kuchokera chaka cha 1998.

soybean kukula m'dera

Mu Russia lero ndi 280 matani nyemba pa chaka. Ambiri a iwo kuigwiritsa ntchito pa kudya. Waukulu soya kukula madera:

1. North Caucasus, Rostov dera., Krasnodar dera Adygea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Ingushetia. Pali lili 9,6% ndi kulima ikuchitika kuposa 13% aakulu zokolola.
2. Far East (Amur Region., Khabarovsk ndi Primorsky Krai). M'dera lino, pali zambiri kuposa 88% ya mbewu. Chiŵerengero aakulu zokolola za opuma ndi 86% ya dziko.
3. Kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo Siberia, Ural ndipo Volga zigawo. Pali ili pafupifupi 1.5% ya mbewu imagwiridwa ndi dongosolo la 1% aakulu zokolola.

mtedza

mbewu Izi mafuta zinkachokera ku Turkey mu 1792. Mu 1825 zoyesayesa oyamba acclimate ku Odessa mtedza unatengedwa. Masiku ano, m'madera ang'onoang'ono mbewu wakula mu mayiko a Caucasus ndi ku Central Asia. Mtedza amalimidwa kutulutsa mafuta edible kwa mbewu yake. The gawo la mankhwala nkhani za 53% chonse pamodzi. Koma mlingo wa mapuloteni mu mtedza, ndi otsika ku soya wina. Mmodzi tonne mbewu hulled pafupifupi kwa makilogalamu 226 kwa 317 mafuta. Kwenikweni, mankhwala ntchito Confectionery ndi kumalongeza mafakitale. The milled mbewu chiponde ntchito monga zina pa kupanga chokoleti. Nsonga ndi bagasse ntchito monga forage nyama. The modyera alipo mpaka 11% mapuloteni. Ndi kufunika kwake zakudya si otsika pamwamba clover ndi nyemba. Pakuti makampani chakudya mitundu wapadera mwakula. Iwo ndi nyemba kununkhira. Mbewu zokazinga mitundu chakudya kudyedwa, wosweka ntchito monga zina zopangidwa Confectionery.