Nkhaka: kukula kutchire

Amene sakonda nkhaka, ndi khirisipi, onunkhira, zokoma? Zikuoneka pali mu Russia munthu akamaona izi wobiriwira masamba pupyrchatoy onse atsopano ndi mchere kapena kuzifutsa.

Anthu anzeru ndi akhama komanso kukonda nkhaka, kulima okhoza kubweretsa ndalama zabwino kwambiri. Zokolola za masamba mu nthaka lotseguka, ndi njira yapamwamba ulimi, angapereke kwa tonnes 70 pa mahekitala ndi zikhalidwe kutentha, ndi mita imodzi lalikulu, n'zotheka kusonkhanitsa makilogalamu 46 nkhaka.

Kodi kwenikweni ndi nkhaka? Izi wambirimbiri madzi, za 94-97%, ndipo pang'ono shuga (1.5-2%), mapuloteni (1%) ndi mafuta (0.75%). Lilinso ndi kuchuluka kwa onunkhira zinthu pektoniziruyuschih michere, mavitamini ndi mchere. Makamaka akudzitamandira ndi nkhaka ayodini, izo masamba, mu izi kuposa wina aliyense, kuphatikizapo mbatata.

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana za kulima nkhaka: pa nthaka lotseguka, mu greenhouses, pa zenera sill mu nyumba mzinda - mu mphatso za chikhalidwe, ndi ulimi moyenera, adzakupatsani mkulu zokolola za mankhwala.

Atakula m'nthaka lotseguka, nkhaka ayenera anabzala bwino anayatsa ndi kutetezedwa ziwembu za dziko, makamaka pa kum'mwera kapena kum'mwera chakumadzulo otsetsereka. The precursors zabwino izi ndi nandolo, kabichi oyambirira, nyemba, tomato, anyezi, mbatata oyambirira. Ngati simungathe kusintha ankafika malo chaka chilichonse, iwo akhoza kukhala wamkulu mu malo amodzi kwa zaka 4-6 mu mzere, nthawi yomweyo onetsetsani kuti kuwotcha masamba m'dzinja ndi chomera zinyalala pamalowa, phulusa lomwe ndi nkhaka bwino fetereza. Wina mozama kukumba mosamala kwambiri kupha udzu pafupi atangochimwa nkhaka kukula. Mozungulira gawo nkhaka bwino chomera vysokostebelnyh zomera kuti likhale kutetezedwa mphepo nkhaka.

Miyambo njira ulimi kulima nkhaka zikusonyeza kuti nthaka pansi iwo ayenera kukhala lotayirira, fluffy, lonyowa ndi ufulu wa namsongole. zotsatira zopindulitsa kwambiri pa dziko mbewu ntchito torfonavoznogo kompositi, manyowa ndi linakwiriridwa zinyalala oyang'anira tauni.

Mbewu pamaso kubzala bwino anaumitsa. Ndondomeko ikuchitika motere: mbewu ankawaviika madzi firiji kwa maola 7, ndiye madzi chatsanulidwa, mbewu atakulungidwa mu nsalu chonyowa ndipo anaikidwa firiji kwa maola 17 ndiye anadzetsa chipinda kwa maola 7 ndipo kenako kachiwiri mu firiji kwa maola 17. Kuwuma ndondomeko tikulimbikitsidwa masiku 6-7, pamene onse akuwukha nsalu kenako okha mbewu anabzala mu nthaka.

wotchuka zisakuyenda wakhala pelleting mbewu - ichi ndi pamene iwo woyamba uyu wasambitsa ndi zomatira sitimadzipereka, kenako TACHIMATA ndi chisakanizo cha peat fumbi ndi humus ndi mchere feteleza, kukula ogalamutsa, ndi tizilombo Control. Chotero ndondomeko ndi zipangitsa kuti mbande Amawapatsa kudya mokwanira ndipo, nthawi yomweyo, pa siteji oyambirira, ndiotetezedwa ku tizirombo ndi matenda. Pamene kufesa mbewu pelleted mbande analandira Single-kalasi ndi yunifolomu, kufanana ndi chinawonjezeka ndi 20-40%, kuchuluka kukula kwa mizu achinyamata ndi prirostkov kusiya mbewu zimenezi si n'kumamujompha mwendo nkhuku.

Cholinga chachikulu cha masamba izi mu ulimi, njira zilizonse nkhaka kukula si ntchito, akupeza mphukira wochezeka. Choncho, mbewu ayenera kugona mu lonyowa bwino mkangano, lotayirira nthaka m'manda kuti akuya pafupifupi 3-4 cm.

mbewu nkhaka akhoza afesedwa pa zitunda ndi gawo mosabisa za zitsulo unsembe lalikulu. Pankhaniyi, mukalembe gawo mbali ziwiri, aliyense masentimita 70, anapanga pa ngodya ya mabwalo kuchita zitsime kukula kwa 10-12 masentimita ndi afesedwa m'menemo mosintha pa zidutswa 12-15 mbewu.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nkhaka, malonda kukula zomwe, ngakhale yolemetsa, koma chidwi ndi wopindulitsa, izo mwamtheradi sadzalekerera shading, kotero ndikofunika yake Kupalira ndi mbande kupatulira. Kupatulira zizichitidwa mu gawo la masamba 3-4.

Masamba onse, wovuta kwambiri wa madzi ndi mpweya nkhaka, kukula iwo ayenera kuchitika pamene nthaka chinyezi ochititsa 65-75%, monga chinyezi owonjezera zoipa kwa iwo. The mapulogalamu kwambiri zotsitsimutsa kaŵirikaŵiri kuthirira zomera ku mbali yaing'ono, makamaka mu nthawi ya fruiting.

Kololani zipatso iyenera kusonkhanitsidwa aliyense masiku awiri kapena atatu, pom'ng'amba zonse: ndi mbedza, ndipo anamuphonya tchire.

Bzalani nkhaka, kukula iwo akhoza kubweretsa osati kukolola, komanso kukhutitsidwa makhalidwe abwino, ndi mchere ndipo anatambasula yozizira nkhaka ku mtsuko m'munda khitchini, adzalola amanyadira okha ndi kuyiwala mavuto onse ndiponso nkhawa kugwirizana ndi kulima ake.