Alpha cheza

mtundu wina wa poizoni nyukiliya zimene zikugwirizana pafupifupi onse pakalipano mitundu sayansi ndi mitundu ya mafunde, particles, ndi Alpha cheza. Gwero la zodabwitsazi amachita ngati chilengedwe kapena chongopeka analenga (anachititsa) mpweya wa poizoni. Mtundu wa mpweya wa poizoni kuti initialized n'kuyamba zokha otchedwa mpweya wa poizoni zachilengedwe ndiponso "anthu" - ndi phata la wosakhazikika kulankhulana mkati pakati pa particles chiyambidwe cha phata la. Mwachitsanzo, mtima wa zinthu ngati nyukiliya monga ureniamu kapena Analandira-235 akhoza zokha zimatulutsa Alpha, beta ndi tinthu Popanga madzi a gamma. Choncho, pali mitundu ya cheza nyukiliya: cheza Alpha, cheza beta ndi Popanga madzi a gamma-cheza.

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti Alpha particles ndi zazing'ono ndi thupi la munthu chifukwa iwo ndi mokwanira liwilo Komabe, ndi wotsika ozama luso. Izi sangakhoze anati kwa mitundu ina ya particles - positrons, ma elekitironi, particles beta, omwe kwambiri kuthekera mphamvu, choncho kwambiri ozama. Monga mkulu-pafupipafupi cheza, particles Popanga madzi a gamma, mkulu kwambiri malowedwe luso ndi moyo pachiswe.

Mwachidule, Alefa cheza - mtundu wa cheza ionizing, umene ndi mowiriza mofuna kapena lotsogozedwa mtsinje wa particles ndithu mlandu kukhala mathamangidwe mkulu ndi yokulirapo kuthekera mphamvu.

Yachokera pa amene alipo panopa tsiku la chidziwitso m'munda wa nyukiliya mphamvu zazikulu magwero cheza Alpha ndi isotopes nyukiliya a zinthu ndi kugwa kwa chuma chifukwa cha kufooka kwa nsinga atomiki ndi zimatulutsa Alpha particles m'kati mwamsanga.

Monga tanenera kale, mbali yaikulu cheza Alpha, amene kusiyanitsa iwo mitundu ina cheza nyukiliya, ndi mphamvu zawo wotsika ozama. Amenewa anafotokoza chifukwa chakuti particles ndi mkulu wa liwiro, choncho njira ionization iwo kuthetsa mwamsanga. M'njiramo "kutsatira" Alpha particles angathe kupanga nambala yaikulu ya ayoni kuti apange Nayenso mkulu ionization osalimba.

Pamaso pa lalikulu ionization kachulukidwe Mzimuyo mphamvu zamoyo Alpha dzuwa, zomwe ndi za khumi kuchulukitsa woposa anaona ndi X-ray cheza. Zimenezi pa thupi la munthu amasonyeza chakuti chifukwa liwiro njira yapamwamba pamwamba pake kumachitika amayaka. Ngati alpha-particles kupeza m'thupi, mwachitsanzo, kudzera pakamwa kapena lotseguka mabala, iwo anafalikira m'dziko thupi mothandizidwa ndi magazi. Pankhaniyi pali walitsa mkati.

Amenewa limalola ntchito cheza Alpha mankhwalawa matenda osiyanasiyana mu njira otchedwa Alpha mankhwala.

Thupi ndi mankhwala chikhalidwe cha chodabwitsa cheza Alpha ndi kuti ayoni opangidwa ndi ndime ya particles Alpha mofulumira kwambiri ntchito umatha mphamvu, kenako ayoni izi akusinthika mu maatomu kwambiri wamba helium. Choncho, tingathe kulankhula za patsogolo zimakhala zamoyo munthu chamoyo zochita radiochemical. motero kulola ntchito cheza Alpha mankhwala zolinga, chifukwa anapanga m'kupita kwa isotopes - radon, thoron, kam'tsalira a moyo wake ndipo sangathe amavutitsa kwambiri kwa thupi mogwirizana ndi kukhazikitsidwa mlingo otetezedwa ndi njira zina.

Ndondomeko zikuluzikulu pa Alpha mankhwala monga ntchito radon osamba, ntchito ya nyukiliya alpha-compresses malo anakhudzidwa wa thupi, ntchito madzi radon, inhalation ya radon kulemera mpweya.

njira izi ndi zotsatira zabwino pa machitidwe mantha ndi mtima, ndi analgesic ndi odana ndi yotupa kwenikweni.

Wotchuka malo kumene yogwira ntchito Alpha mankhwala zolinga mankhwala ndi pogwiritsa wa Pyatigorsk, Tskhaltubo, Brambach ndi malo ena kumene kuli zachilengedwe a radon.