X-cheza

X-ray, kuchokera amazionera a sayansi, ndi cheza atomu, amene timaganiza zimasiyanasiyana mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera nanometers 0,001 50. Iwo anapeza mu 1895 ndi German sayansi V.K.Rentgenom.

Mwa chibadwa, kuwala awa akukhudzana cheza dzuwa ultraviolet. Mu sipekitiramu wa cheza dzuwa yaitali mphepo ali. Pambuyo pawo ndi kuwala infuraredi kuti maso athu simuzindikira, koma timaona monga kutentha. Kenako anthu kunyezimira kuchokera wofiira violet. Ndiye - UV (A, B ndi C). Ndipo kumbuyo iye ndi X-ray ndi Popanga madzi a gamma kunyezimira.

X- cheza (X-ray) mukhonza kuwapeza m'njira ziwiri: pamene braking mfundo particles mlandu ma elekitironi mu kusintha kwa zigawo apamwamba pa mkati ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mphamvu m'kupita therethrough.

Mosiyana ndi kuwala looneka cheza awa ndi kutalika lalikulu kwambiri, choncho angathe kulowa zipangizo opaque, popanda kukunyezimiritsidwa, refracted, ndi wopanda wambirimbiri mu iwo.

Bremsstrahlung kupeza mosavuta. Adawalamulira particles pa braking zimatulutsa kuwala kwa magetsi mu atomu. Kwakukulu mathamangitsidwe wa particles ndi choncho akuthwa braking, zazikulu kwaiye x-ray cheza ndi timaganiza ake amakhala ochepa. Nthawi zambiri kuchita thandizo ray m'badwo pamene deceleration wa ma elekitironi mu zolimba. Zimenezi zimathandiza kulamulira gwero la cheza cha, kupewa ngozi cheza kuonetsera chifukwa X-ray kutha kwathunthu pamene mphamvu ikanazimitsidwa.

Gwero ambiri cheza ngati - X-ray chubu. Iwo panamveka cheza si yunifolomu. Ndi pano ndi zofewa (yaitali yoweyula) ndi okhwima (yochepa yoweyula) cheza. Zofewa amakhala ndi chakuti kwathunthu chosakanikirana ndi thupi, kotero izo ndi X-ray cheza kuwonongeka kumabweretsa kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa lolimba. Pamene amaika mu atomu walitsa mu zimakhala anthu ionization ingawononge maselo DNA.

Chubu - wosatsogoleredwa chubu ndi maelekitirodi awiri - cathode zoipa ndi anode positive. Pamene Kutentha kwa cathode ndi asanduke nthunzi therefrom ma elekitironi, ndiye iwo inapita patsogolo m'munda magetsi. Kungowerenga olimba anodes, iwo amayamba chopinga umene limodzi ndi umuna cheza mu atomu.

X-cheza amene katundu ankagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, maziko kupeza mthunzi chithunzi mayeso chinthu pa TV tcheru. Ngati matenda thupi kuwala mtengo kunyezimira analemba za ziyerekezo cha mthunzi wa thupi limenelo imafalikiranso popanda kukhota (mofanana). Zochita za cheza gwero ali ngati mfundo, choncho ili patali ndi munthu ndi kwa chophimba.

Kuti X-ray, munthu aikidwa pakati pa X-ray chubu ndi zenera kapena filimu, kumachita monga zoyesera cheza. Chifukwa cha walitsa mu chithunzi fupa ndi zina wandiweyani minofu ndi anawonetseredwa mu mawonekedwe a mithunzi zolaula kuyang'ana Mosiyana kwambiri ndi maziko m'madera zochepa limaonetseratu opereka minofu ndi zochepa mayamwidwe. Pa X-ray munthu akakhala "theka-mandala".

Kufalitsa, X-ray akhoza anamwazikana ndi odzipereka. Pamaso mayamwidwe cheza angaphunzitse mazana mamita mu mlengalenga. Mu nkhani wandiweyani ndi odzipereka kwambiri mofulumira. Tizilombo zimakhala anthu ndi sakanikira, kotero mayamwidwe kunyezimira amadalira osalimba a matupi minofu. Bone minofu zimatenga cheza mofulumira kuposa zimakhala zofewa, chifukwa lili ndi zinthu kukhala mkulu manambala atomiki. Photons (osakwatira tinthu ray) ndi chosakanikirana ndi zimakhala zosiyana za thupi m'njira zosiyanasiyana limachititsa kupeza kusiyana fano ndi X-ray.