Economy miyambo

Chuma cha miyambo ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ya zamalonda wa ulimi. Chuma chikhalidwe chosiyana ndi njira zina za moyo wa chuma kotero kuti mchitidwe kugwiritsa ntchito chimatanthauza chikhalidwe ndi miyambo.

M'mayiko amene chuma akhala chikhalidwe, khalidwe kuli yosiyanasiyana ya ulimi, zochokera zosiyanasiyana za ubale kwa malowo. Nthawi zambiri m'njira umwini limodzi ndi atasunga, amene amakhala ndi lachilengedwe chikhalidwe mtundu wa kasamalidwe.

Chuma miyambo koma izi kumapereka lingaliro la kukhalapo ochepa chuma payekha, zomwe kawirikawiri amachita ngati maziko kwa chilengedwe ndi chitukuko cha ulimi ang'ono-ang'ono (akuimira amisiri ndi minda).

zosankha zazikulu chuma miyambo angathe kumwedwa mu njira zosiyanasiyana. Izi zimakhudza mtundu wa kuti chuma alipo. Zinthu zachilengedwe, njira limodzi la kukhazikitsidwa kwa zosankha pankhani ya zachuma yotentha ndi kagulu ka gulu la anthu (Council la Akulu), kapena mutu wa banja. Koma amisiri ndi anthu wamba, zosankha amapanga okha.

zachuma Traditional ali levers osiyana popatsana kuti kuyendetsa chuma. Natural-limodzi njira ya moyo, makamaka amangomvera zolimbikitsa ndalama ulemu ubale ntchito. n'zokhudza kufunika kukumana zofunika kwambiri pa moyo.

Mu nkhani ya predominance wa zolimbikitsa ang'onoang'ono kupanga mtima levers zachuma: zotsala. Kumene, anapatsidwa kuti chuma pogwiritsa ntchito munthu wa ophunzira, kukula kwa ndalama si kwambiri.

Chuma miyambo zachokera luso m'mbuyo, ntchito yamanja, ulimi. Kupezeka kwa miyambo anakhazikitsa kumabwezera mmbuyo bwino ntchito ya umisiri ndi kufalitsa nkhani zabwino.

Ambiri, izi zikhoza yodziwika monga underdeveloped chuma, amangokhala, dongosolo patsogolo. Masiku ano, m'mayiko mu dziko, amene ulimi mu mawonekedwe mwangwiro achilengedwe. Vuto chuma cha dziko kale analowa asapita msika.

Pa nthawi yomweyo lero si kuchuluka kwambiri kwa anthu onse padziko lapansi amakhala ku zikhalidwe za chitukuko ubale zachuma, amene yodziwika ndi mawu akuti "boma chuma." Choyamba, tikulankhula za mayiko lachitatu dziko. Mmodzi wa nthambi ya kachitidwe ndi osauka. Alipo chuma anaikira mu manja mwa anthu ochepa.

Chuma miyambo simungathe ngakhale kukhala ndi ndalama lovomerezeka ndi ntchito kupyolera mwa tsintho.

Centralized chuma imayendetsedwa ndi akuluakulu onse, pa maziko a zolinga ndondomeko ndi mapulogalamu, ndi mwachindunji masanjidwe subordination wa m'munsi matupi apamwamba, ndi umwini boma la onse kudzera mwa kupanga.

Modern Russian chuma amakhala ndi ubwenzi wabwino ndi ndondomeko ya mapangidwe mawu atsopano Buku la kasamalidwe, kusintha kwa chuma centralized kuti msika. Pamaso kukonza Russia cholowa cha boma chuma nkhani za 90% ya chuma kupanga ndi pafupifupi 80% ya ntchito chuma.

Bureaucracy ndi kuphangira, boma lamulo la mitengo zinachititsa kuti kuchepa zolimbikitsa zachuma ntchito ndi zambiri mochedwa patsogolo sayansi. Izi zachititsa kuti asinthe 90 ntchentche, imene umwini boma pang'onopang'ono anayamba kuwoloka kumka ku manja payekha.

Chibwenzi chuma Russian kakusintha kusintha monga kugonjetsa nationalization cha chuma, apanga ubale mpikisano mu msika, msika zomangamanga akukumana chitukuko mwakayakaya.