Pamene Gagarin anatera danga? Mu chaka chimene Gagarin anatera danga?

Yury A. anabadwa pa chinayi mu March 1934, ndipo akhumi mu April 1961 pa msinkhu wa zaka twente-seveni la Gagarin woyamba anaulukira m'malere. Iye anachita pa ngalawa "Vostok-1" zouluka padziko Lapansi, ndipo koyamba lathuli kuchokera mlenga lenga. ndi njira yokhayo wokayenda pamwezi, pamene Gagarin anatera malo, mmene moyo wake pambuyo ndege zimene - izi ndi nkhani yotsatirayi.

yonena

Wamba mnyamata anabadwiramo ndiponso umene anakuliramo banja wamba Soviet m'mudzi Klushino Gzhatsk chigawo. atate wake - kalipentala, ndipo mayi ake ankagwira ntchito pa famu mkaka.
Munali nkhondo wopanda mitambo mwana. Kwa zaka pafupifupi ziwiri m'mudzi kunkakhala asilikali Nazi. Koma mu 1943 m'mudzi anatulutsidwa ndi Jura wamng'ono ndinayamba kuphunzira. Nkhondo itatha, makolo ake anasamukira ku Gzhatsk, kenako anadzatchedwa Gagarin.

Choyamba Jura maphunziro makalasi zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndi 1951 - sukulu ntchito ndi zapaderazi wowumba-caster. Mu chaka chomwecho analowa Industrial College of Saratov, ndipo mu 1954, woyamba adadza ku kalabu zouluka, komwe kenako anapanga zana ndi makumi asanu ndi anayi zisanu ndi chimodzi ndege, zikuoneka maola pafupifupi makumi awiri ndi theka mu mlengalenga. Patangotha zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri za Yuri Gagarin anatera malo koma iye angathe bwanji ndiye osachepera kuganiza za izo?

Mu 1955, mnyamata wa dziko mu asilikali Choyamba usilikali Aviation School dzina lake K. E. Voroshilova. Titamaliza ulemu, anatumikira zaka ziwiri pafupi Murmansk mu womenya ndege Regiment wa m'gulu la kumpoto zombo, chochitika maola mazana awiri sikisite.

Kusankha wokayenda pamwezi

Mu 1959, kusankha ndi CPSU chapakati Committee Anagwirizana kusankha chombo mu ndege. The gulu la akatswiri anatenga ofuna makumi awiri, amene anali Yu. A. Gagarin. Ndi iwo ndipo anayamba kuphunzitsa.
Mavoti onse anali wathanzi kwathunthu. Iwo anali mwaukadaulo ndi thupi lokonzedwa kulangidwa ndege la ndege womenya ndege. Kuwonjezeka onse anakwana zosaposa zana makumi masentimita, zaka - kuchokera zaka twente-faifi kwa makumi atatu, kulemera - kuchokera makumi asanu ndi makilogalamu makumi awiri.
Wa ofuna makumi awiri ndi zitatu posachedwapa anaima: Yuri Gagarin, Grigoriy Nelyubov ndi German Titov.
Mu 1961 (chaka chimene Gagarin anaulukira danga) pamene kusankha cosmonaut choyamba, mofulumira, chifukwa mudziwe anali kuti Achimereka komanso kukonzekera ndege ndi anakonzera pa April 20. Choncho, mu Soviet Union kuti ankafuna kuti kuyamba kwa khumi pa April 17.
Chitatu tsiku April msonkhano wa komiti yapadera, imene anavomereza ntchito choyamba pa malo ndege ndipo anasankha candidacy wa Yuri Gagarin. German Titov anaikidwa malo.

"Vostok-1" - Flight

Gagarin unayambitsidwa mu danga pa April 12 , 1961, pamene chiyambi cha "Vostok-1" zinachitikadi pa 9:07 kuchokera Baikonur Cosmodrome. Pambuyo lamulo "Pa zizindikiro zanu!" Anati Yuri A. wotchuka "Tiyeni tipite!", Ndipo chombo anakuwa zimapikukira m'mwamba.

Gagarin anakhala handiredi ndi eyiti mphindi danga. Mu kanjira, anadya ndi kumwa, ndipo manotsi. Onse kuzipenya ndi zomverera analemba pa tepi. Ndiye izo si kudziwa mmene psyche kangakhale zinthu danga. Choncho, kuti athe kulamulira Buku Gagarin sitima kunali kofunika kutsegula envelopu, ndi kulowa kachidindo pa gulu kulamulira kuti tidziwe.

Kumapeto kwa ndege, asanalowe m'mlengalenga, chombo anagwetsedwa kwa mphindi khumi, monga dongosolo ananyema galimoto khunkha zilakolako kutero. Wokayenda pamwezi, osati mantha Mfumukazi, anati pafupifupi zina vuto mwadzidzidzi. Mpweya kenako kulekana zipinda. otsetsereka chachitika ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, ngakhale tenfold zimamuchulukira. Koma Gagarin anali atakonzeka. Iye anawona anasungunuka madzi zitsulo pa galasi mawindo ndi kumva kuthetheka wa zashuga ndi - kutentha madigiri okwana asanu.
makilomita asanu ndi awiri pa dziko lapansi, iye ejected. Anakapezeka osati m'dera anakonza - makilomita khumi kuchokera Stalingrad zana limodzi, ndi m'dera Saratov.

Kukwaniritsa mu Moscow

Poyamba, kukakomana ndi wokayenda pamwezi ulemu sanakonzekere. Komabe, N. S. Hruschev akufuna akonze olandiridwa choyenera Moscow ndipo analimbikira kuti Gagarin anapatsidwa udindo wa Major.

The wokayenda pamwezi woyamba anaulukira kwa Moscow kwa IL 18, ndi ku likulu la dziko anakumana ndi operekeza ozimitsa zisanu ndi ziwiri. Zouluka pa mzindawo, inatera pa ndege Vnukovo, pamene akudikira anthu jubilant, atolankhani, ndi utsogoleri Soviet. Gagarin anali ku ndege pa pamphasa ofiira owala, anayenda olankhulira ndi Khrushchev wazinena pa kukhazikitsa ntchito za Party ndi Soviet boma.

Kenako manja awiri anthu onse, ankayendetsa "ZIL-111B." Zikondwerero anapitiriza boma la Russia, kumene Gagarin anakhala Hero wa Soviet Union ndipo analandira mwa dongosolo la Lenin. Anyamata anabadwa pa tsiku limenelo, amayi ambiri dzina lake Yuriyami.

maulendo ena ndi mphoto

Osati mu dziko lathu koma padziko lonse mukufuna kuona wokayenda pamwezi woyamba pambuyo Gagarin anatera danga. Chimodzi, ziwiri, zitatu, iye anapita "Abiti World" kunja. Mu Czechoslovakia izo kupereka mutu "Hero wa Socialist Labor wa Czechoslovakia", mu Bulgaria - anasankhidwa ndi nzika aulemu m'mizinda ya Sofia ndi Plovdiv, mu England - anapanga oyambitsa aulemu, anapereka Mendulo golide chitukuko danga, ndipo anakumana ndi nduna yaikulu ndi Korolevoy Elizavetoy II.

Kuwonjezera m'mayiko amenewa anapita Finland, Cuba, Canada, Brazil, India, Afghanistan, Hungary, Ceylon (Sri Lanka), United Arab Republic (Egypt), France ndi ena. Okwana iye anapita m'mayiko pafupifupi makumi atatu, kumene anadikira kuti mwansangala kwambiri ndi zambiri kuwina.

pambuyo ndege

Chifukwa cha maulendo zonse ndi maphwando Yuri A. zidaleka kuchita masewera zonse ndi yagoletsa pafupifupi zisanu ndi zinayi kilogalamu owonjezera. Komabe, kuyambira 1961, pamene Gagarin anatera danga, iye anali mu Air Force Engineering Academy dzina la Zhukovsky ndi digiri yake yoyamba mu 1968.
Maphunziro, komanso zinthu zosangalatsa sanadzisiyira nthawi mchitidwe chilimwe. Iye anali kazembe Council Wamkulukulu, membala wa Komsomol Committee Central, mutu wa dipatimenti ya astronautics "Red Star", pulezidenti wa Soviet-Cuba Ubwenzi Society, membala wa "Finland-USSR" ndi membala aulemu a Academy of Astronautics.

Mu 1966, anayamba kugwira ntchito pa pulogalamu "Soyuz". Anapatsidwa understudy Komarova (zimene ndege momvetsa chisoni mapeto).

Kumapeto kwa 1967 kwa nthawi yoyamba pambuyo pamene Gagarin anatera danga, iye anavula kachiwiri, koma tidakocheza cholakwika. Chifukwa cha utsogoleri umenewu ali nkhawa, si kutaya ngwazi. Gagarin akhoza kuuluka womenya ndege okha, koma muli malangizo kubwezeretsa luso.

Imfa ya Gagarin

Tsoka, amene wapha wokayenda pamwezi, panali makumi awiri ndi chiwiri wa March 1968, pamene anagwira maphunziro ndege ndi mlangizi waluso V. S. Sereginym.
Mwapadera analenga State Commission inatulutsa lipoti pa zimayambitsa kugwa kwa mabuku makumi awiri ndi anayi, amene wachinsinsi. Only mu 2013, zolemba akhala zilipo kwa anthu. Kunapezeka kuti oyendetsa m'dera ndege mozemba wotanganidwa ndi ndege wina, Lamulungu-15. Kukhala mamita teni mpaka fifitini, adatulutsa ndege Seregina ndi Gagarin mu mwauzimu limene iwo analibe nthawi kutuluka.

moyo

Mkazi wamasiye wa Yuri nthawizonse kutsekedwa kwa atolankhani. Kenako anapereka kuyankhulana mwana wawo wamkazi, Galina, amene iye ananena kuti mayi ake anavutika chisoni chachikulu, kulankhula za izo sizinali zotheka.

Pamene Valentine (dzina la mkazi wake Gagarin) koyamba Yura, iye sanatero makamaka ngati. Koma kudalira pang'onopang'ono anapambana, ndipo mu 1958 anadza kwa iye mu North, pamene anamaliza ndege sukulu. Mu 1960, pamene iwo anali chaka chimodzi mwana, makolo ake anasamukira ku Moscow.

Pambuyo Yuri Gagarin anatera danga, Valentina kuona mwamuna wake yekha pa Red Square, ndipo yekha anatha kukhala masiku angapo. Banjalo konse anakangana kutsogolo kwa ana, ndi pamene wina wa iwo anakulira, ena ayi.

Tsiku anayamba ndi olimbitsa pamene Yuri onse anakweza, pansi ndi makwerero, kuitana mu nyumba zonse. Adzapereke inatenga mphindi makumi anai. Valentine Komabe, sankachita nawo, chifukwa anali otanganidwa ndi nkhawa zina.

Mu Soviet Union, mwinamwake, sanali munthu amene sadziwa mu chaka chimene Gagarin anatera danga. Komabe, achinyamata sakufuna kumbukirani kwambiri. Ine ndikudabwa ngati pali anthu lero amene sakudziwa, pamene Gagarin anatera danga ndipo pali ambiri a iwo?