Zosiyanasiyana lysosomes, organelles, kapangidwe ndi ntchito

Mu akufuna ntchito ife mwatsatanetsatane mufufuza organelles maselo otchedwa lysosomes. Kapangidwe ndi ntchito - ili ndi funso chathu chachikulu. Ifenso tcheru kuti kapangidwe selo wonse. M'nkhani ino mupeza matenda angakhale kuphwanya kugwira ntchito organelle izi.

Pamene wakhala bwino, lysosomes ndi mbali ya foni. Koma pambali kusiyanitsa ndi organelles ena. Tangoganizirani mmene yaing'ono kukula, ngakhale khungu sangathe kuona ndi apoyera. Pofuna kuphunzira akuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito chida wapadera wotchedwa maso. Limeneli muphunzira pompano.

Selo ndipo organelles ake

Ngakhale ife m'nkhani ino, zomwe lysosomes kapangidwe ndi ntchito, ndikofunika kudziwa ndi mbali zina selo. Kuyamba ndi kuyamba, ndi - ndi maziko structural unit. Kuchokera pamene selo Mzimuyo ntchito zake ndi zikuchokera.

organelles onse akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:

• dvumembrannye;
• odnomembrannye;
• sanali Kakhungu.

Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo plastid, phata ndi mitochondria. The chachiwiri - EPS, lysosomes, Golgi zida, vacuoles. Chachitatu - ndi ribosome ndi pakati selo.

organelles onse selo koyenera kuti uziyenda bwino za dongosolo lonse. Organelles zimadalira kapangidwe ka ntchito yake imagwiridwa.

lysosomes

Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya organelle ife kuyang'ana pang'ono kenako, koma tsopano tiyeni tikambirane pang'ono za mitundu ndi cholinga.

Izi ndi zinthu m'malo amphamvu selo. Kuchokera pamwamba iwo ataphimbidwa ndi Kakhungu, mkati amene ali michere zosiyanasiyana (okwana pali pafupifupi 60). Ife amati kuwerenga yochepa mndandanda:

• protease;
• nucleases;
• lipase;
• phosphatase ndi zina zotero.

lysosomes onse akhoza ziri magulu awiri:

• chachikulu;
• sekondale.

Pamene chachikulu ichi amasamukira siteji yotsatira. Zimenezi tiona ina. Tsopano ife pereka limodzi gulu zambiri lysosomes:

• phagolysosome;
• autophagosome;
• matupi multivesicular;
• yotsalira maselo.

kapangidwe

Lysosomes, kapangidwe ndi ntchito imene tikambirana review ichi ndi kukula ochepa kwambiri (0.2 microns). Ndi khola iyi pakhoza kukhala ndithu kwambiri. Mu gawo lotsiriza, ife zinachititsa gulu tsopano tione mmene iwo anapanga.

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti lysosomes chachikulu - aumbike organelles okha amene sangathe kukwaniritsa ntchito zawo mwachindunji (chimbudzi cha zinthu ndi hydrolysis). Only ndi wogonjetsa zinthu selo zapathengo, asamukire ku gulu yachiwiri ndi kuyamba kudya otsekeredwa mu chuma chawo. Geterofagicheskaya vacuole popangidwa ndi kusakaniza phagosome pulayimale ndi vacuoles. Autophagosome - organelle aumbike mwa merging choyambirira ndipo anapanga vacuole lysosomes.

ntchito

Ife mwachidule takambirana mbali structural wa lysosomes ndipo ife tikhoza chitani ntchito anachita ndi organelle izi. Choncho, izi:

• okhudza maselo ambiri chimbudzi;
• autolysis;
• autophagy.

Tsopano tikukupemphani uliwonse wa padera. Chitani funso lotsatira.

chimbudzi

Zina structural wa lysosomes kulola okhudza maselo ambiri organelle kubala chimbudzi. Popeza selo pakhale osati monga zovuta chamoyo, izo ayenera kuchita zonse zofunika. pochita zimenezi lysosomes yaikulu pamodzi ndi vacuoles m'mimba.

Tanena kale kuti lysosome ndi ochuluka zedi michere. Pamene jekeseni izo mankhwala aliwonse kuwola ndinso kuti particles yomaliza kuti mkatikati mwa Kakhungu lapansi. Komanso, mankhwala awa ali nawo njira zina zofunika.

autolysis

Ife tanena kale kuti lysosomes kumachitika njira m'mimba. Nkofunika kudziwa komanso kuti lysosomes angachititse imfa ya foni lonse.

A deta woonda Kakhungu organelles likhoza kukhala litawonongedwa, ndi michere adzamasulidwa. Ngati izi zichitika ndi lysosomes selo zonse, adzafa. Kugonjera zimachitika autolysis. Ife angachititse Mwachitsanzo ambiri namchidwe. Kutha kwa mchira wa m'tsogolo wa chule wa - chitsanzo wabwino wa autolysis. Kodi wakhala zakudya pambuyo pa kuwonongedwa kwa maselo? Iwo kutha, ndipo anatengera "anansi."

autophagy

Komanso kuchita ntchito ya lysosomes amatchedwa "autophagy". Posakhalitsa kapena kenako Zimakhala zakale, sichikugwira ntchito. Ngati tikambirana selo ena organelles lotha akhoza m'malo. Kodi zimenezi zimachitika? Anakhala analanda organelles lysosomes ndi unagwa mu mamolekyulu ang'ono ndi michere. Koma mu malo awo atsopano. particles onse otsala pambuyo ndondomeko autophagy, selo zofunikira mu kubalana wa nyumba selo yatsopano.

Apa ndi kunena kuti pali mitundu iwiri ya autophagy: micro- ndi macroautophagy. Nthawi zambiri ndondomeko izi zimawonedwa pa zinthu nkhawa (mwachitsanzo, aakulu kusala kapena zolimbitsa thupi kwambiri).

matenda

Tafotokoza mapangidwe lysosomes, ntchito zawo ndi dongosolo, koma nthawi zina zimachitika kuti ntchito zolephera zimachitika. Ndiye munthuyo anadwala. Ife akamufunsirire kuganizira matenda matenda Gaucher a. Komanso matenda, pali pafupifupi 50 matenda ena amagwirizana ndi mkhutu lysosomal ntchito.

Choncho, matenda Gaucher a anafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1882 Filippom Goshe, amene ulemu ndi dzina matendawa. Izi ndi matenda ambiri kuphwanya ntchito za organelles izi. Ndi chosowa glucocerebrosidase enzyme. Zonsezi zikhoza kukhala zoipa zina ziwalo, monga:

• ndulu;
• chiwindi;
• impso;
• kuwala;
• ubongo.

Ngakhale kuopsa kwa vuto, syndrome Gaucher zikhoza kuchiza. Tsopano kwambiri mankhwala osiyana payenera zamoyo anthu.