Kukayikakayika komanso pangozi kupanga zisankho

Ogwira kasamalidwe, komanso Mwachitsanzo, boma la vuto zachilengedwe umoyo ndi zachuma, akhoza kuchitika kutenga nkhani n'ngosapanganika zogwirizana ndi mavuto. kulunjika chawo n'chiyani? Kodi iwo masamu?

ndicho cha nkhawa ndi mavuto otani?

Choyamba, tiyeni tione mfundo chiopsezo ndi njakata, momwe angathe kutanthauziridwa mawu awa ndi nkhani yake.

Pachiopsezo ndi kuwamva monga Mwina yatsoka chochitika chokhwima kapena osafunika. Mwachitsanzo, pamene izo zifika ku ntchito, kungakhale kusintha zinthu msika, kotero kuti zotsatira za ntchito chuma ogwira adzakhala kutali mulingo woyenera.

Pansi njakata amatanthauza kulephera kuti molondola kulosera pakutchulidwa chochitika, kaya mwina ankaona zabwino. Koma monga ulamuliro, wosadalirika ndi kuopsa takambirana pa nkhani ya zinthu zovuta. The vuto n'zosiyana - pamene n'zosatheka kuneneratu maonekedwe a zinthu zabwino, kawirikawiri amaona chosadalirika, chifukwa Pankhaniyi palibe kudziwa machenjerero kulabadira zinthu zogwirizana. Ali pa nkhani chowawa njira zimenezi zambiri zofunika. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti zochita pa nkhani zikuluzikulu angathe kukhala m'mikhalidwe nkhawa ndi chiopsezo - chuma, chikhalidwe ndale. Tiyeni kuphunzira mmene zimenezi zitheke kwambiri.

Kodi kuchepetsa nkhawa ndi chiopsezo?

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zochita zina m'malo yodziwika ndi nkhawa ndi chiopsezo, ikuchitika ntchito malingaliro kuchepetsa mosavuta zolakwika kapena Kuyesa osafunika. Mukamachita zimenezi, mukhoza mogwira zosiyanasiyana.

Kukayikakayika komanso chiopsezo chibadidwe zambiri za moyo wamasiku ano. Njira kuti zosungidwazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pakufunika kutero kuchepetsa zolakwa anthu kapena zochita zina molungama:

- pa chizindikiritso cha zinthu khola kuti yosintha zinthu;

- pa kusanthula chuma ndi zipangizo pa kutaya munthu wakupitiriza zochita;

- ndi tanthauzo kanthawi zinthu wosakhazikika kuti akhoza kusokoneza zinthu, koma izi zimatheka mu zochitika zenizeni (amafunanso kuzindikiridwa).

Pakati imene malingaliro ziwalo ambiri mu ankafuna - kasamalidwe. Pali view kuti kumachitika pa nkhani ya kasamalidwe malonda - kasamalidwe chiopsezo, mmodzi wa waukulu. Pano ife tikupeza, kotero wina njira kutanthauzira kwa liwu pansi obwereza. Mu dera la lingaliro la kasamalidwe, imene timaphunzira akamanena za mavuto osiyanasiyana ndi zofala. Choncho m'pofunika kaye mmene nkhawa ndi chiopsezo atengedwa mu Nkhani kusankha njira kasamalidwe kwa ogwira ntchito a.

kasamalidwe malonda pansi nkhawa ndi chiopsezo

Mu malonda, zotsatirazi anthu ambiri kuthana ndi zotheka kukumana ndi mavuto chifukwa kuthetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana.

Choyamba, Ngopambana kudziwa mndandanda wa zinthu amene makhalidwe akhoza yodziwika ndi nkhawa ndi chiopsezo. Kungakhale Mwachitsanzo, mtengo msika wa katundu anagulitsa misonkhano. Mu mitengo ufulu ndi mkulu mlingo wa mpikisano kungakhale mabvuto kwambiri mwapadera kulosera yake. Detects kwa mawu chiopsezo njakata mawu a chiyembekezo cha ndalama olimba. Mtengo wake akhale osakwanira chifukwa kugwa mu mitengo kuti akwaniritse udindo wake, kapena Mwachitsanzo, kuthetsa mavuto a pantchito mtundu.

Poyankha, nyamuka mosayembekezeka lakuthwa mu mitengo kungayambitse kudzikundikira ndi yambiri ya zolowa zomwe zasungidwa. Amene mwina choncho - pa mphamvu anakonza chimaposa - kasamalidwe kuti mafanowo mu wamakono wa mbewu ndi zipangizo kapena chitukuko cha misika yatsopano.

Pambuyo chinthu amakhala ndi nkhawa ndi chiopsezo ku mawu a chitukuko malonda, kuzindikiridwa, ntchito yofuna kudziwa zinthu kulimbikitsa khalidwe wa chinthu. Izi zikhoza kukhala kanjedza kuwalitsa kukula msika ndi kukula azimuth mabizinesi kuti zikugwira ntchito mu gawo makamaka. Kungakhale kuphunzira zinthu zazikulu za citukuko ndi andale.

Lingaliro la chiopsezo ndi njakata, monga taonera kumayambiriro kwa nkhani ino, akhoza chokhudzana ndi ndondomeko zosiyanasiyana. Choncho, mawerengedwe kuno amatengedwa monga ulamuliro, osiyanasiyana zinthu. Mwachitsanzo - amene ali zogwirizana ndi gawo ndalama. Tiyeni kuphunzira njira zimene timaphunzira zinthu nkhawa ndi chiopsezo ku posankha zochita pa wotuluka osiyanasiyana ndalama.

Zinthu nkhawa ndi chiopsezo mu gawo ndalama

Pamwamba tinaona kuti Ngopambana la kumalo a ntchito, kukhala ndi aligorivimu zochita kasamalidwe, choyamba kuganizira chinthu, sipangakhalenso yodziwika ndi nkhawa ndi chiopsezo, pambuyo - kudziwa zimene kudziwa Mwina wa zosayembekezereka mikhalidwe imene iwo angathe kugwira nchito.

The chomwecho zingachitike mu njira yothetsera mavuto okhudzana ndi kayendetsedwe ndalama. M'dera la ndalama ndikupeleka chinthu, omwe angakhudzidwe njakata (chiopsezo - makamaka mbali yawo), ndi nthawi zambiri kugula mphamvu ya likulu. Malinga anthu kapena zina zinthu, mwina kuwonjezera kapena kuchepa. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa kufufuma pa chuma cha boma, kusinthitsa ndalama kusiyana mu ziyenera a ndalama dziko. Zimene pamapeto, amadalira njira zazikulu-chuma ndi ndale.

Choncho, m'dera la kupanga zisankho zokhudzana ndi kasamalidwe likulu, milingo njakata (chiopsezo - monga payekha, ndiye kachiwiri, kungakhale) akhoza ankaimira mbali zosiyanasiyana.

Choyamba, pa msinkhu wa zazikulu chuma (mwachitsanzo kukula GDP, bwino malonda, kufufuma), ndipo kachiwiri, mu zina zizindikiro za chuma (monga njira, ndalama fuko). m'magawo onse a zinthu zimene kudziwa kodi mphamvu kugula likulu.

KUFOTOKOZERA chinthu, yodziwika ndi nkhawa ndi chiopsezo, komanso kusonyeza zinthu zokhudza iwo, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito njira tiligwiritse ntchito mlandu. Mwachitsanzo - kwaiye Ngopambana kampani ndalama kapena akatswiri. Kuti tichite zimenezi, pali wa njira. Pakati ambiri - kugwiritsa ntchito njira masanjidwewo. Tidzaphunzira mwatsatanetsatane.

Masanjidwewo monga chida cha kusankha zochita pa zinthu chiopsezo ndi njakata

The njira funso amakhala Choyamba zosiyanasiyana. Ndi mulingo woyenera kwambiri kwa posankha zochita pa ntchito imene yodziwika ndi mavuto azachuma ndiponso tsoka, choncho ntchito anira.

Masanjidwewo njira kumaphatikizapo kusankha chimodzi kapena zingapo pa maziko a imabwera pazipita kukhudzana ndi unyolo chinthu zinthu. Ndi osankhidwa, kotero njira zofunika - masamu pa m'ndandanda wa zinthu, ndipo ngati iwo sizikugwira ntchito (kapena, Tikawonetsetsa adzakhala zogwirizana), ndiye njira ina amasankhidwa. Zimenezi zimaphatikizapo padzuwa wa chinthu kale zinthu zina.

Ngati yankho wachiwiri udzakhala zosakwana mulingo woyenera, zotsatirazi likukhudza, ndi zina zotero, mpaka choncho abwera kusankha njira, wamng'ono zofunika, koma kupereka zotsatira. Mapangidwe mndandanda wa mayankho - kuchokera yabwino kwambiri zosachepera zothandiza, angathe kuchitidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira masamu. Mwachitsanzo, poganiza mayikidwe yogawa Zithunzi ayankhe Mwina chinthu anapatsidwa.

Zokwaniritsa nkhawa ndi chiopsezo ndi theoretically zosatheka kuwerengetsa ntchito njira za chiphunzitso cha Mwina. Makamaka ngati kutaya munthu amene nayo, ndi mokwanira nthumwi ziwerengero. Zochita za kuwunika chuma ndi chuma anapanga ambiri i malinga ndi zomwe angathe kuchitidwa kudziwa Mwina ena zinthu kudzipheralo nkhawa ndi chiopsezo. Zidzakhala zothandiza kuti tione zina mwa zimenezi mwatsatanetsatane.

Yosayambitsa kwa kudziwa Mwina wa kusanthula wosadalirika ndi kuopsa

Mwina monga gulu masamu, zambiri zimaonekera pamene anthu a. Nthawi zambiri, si mtengo limodzi, kuchuluka kwake - pamaziko a zimene zikhalidwe zifukwa zinanso anapanga. Iwo likukhalira kuti n'komwe ziyerekezo angapo, ndi ndalama zawo ndi 100%.

Muyezo waukulu potaya Mwina kudzipheralo zinthu zina ankaona kuti cholinga. Izo ziyenera mothandizidwa ndi:

- kutsimikiziridwa kuti azigwira njira masamu;

- zotsatira za kuwunika zowerengera ndalama kwambiri deta.

Yabwino - ngati onse chida chizindikiritso Kudziwa ntchito. Komabe, zikatero ali osowa ndithu. Monga ulamuliro, vuto la zachuma ndi wosadalirika mopitirira pamene mumagwiritsa ndi ochepa akonzedwa buku deta. Zimenezi n'zomveka: ngati makampani onse anali ndi mwayi womwewo kuti mudziwe zoyenera, palibe mpikisano sizikanakhala pakati pawo, komanso kuti zagwira mayendedwe a vuto la zachuma.

Choncho, yomwenso mu kusanthula mavuto azachuma ndiponso tsoka mabizinesi zambiri ndi kuchita pa mbali masamu ya mawerengedwe a ziyerekezo. The njira zotsatirazi koposa koyenera kampani, kampani adzakhala mpikisano zambiri mu msika. Taganizirani ndiye, mwa njira yomwe zingadziŵike Mwina zinthu mapangidwe kwa zifukwa zinanso khalidwe la zinthu mu ulemu umene pangakhale njakata zinthu (chiopsezo - monga choncho makamaka).

Njira kudziwa Mwina

Achiyesa Mwina zingakhale:

- mwa kupenda zochitika lililonse (mwachitsanzo, pamene mmodzi yekha wa zochitika ziwiri angayambe ndi Mwina apamwamba monga njira: ndalama kuomba imagwera mitu kapena michira);

- mwa kugawa Mwina (potengera zitsanzo mbiri deta kapena kusanthula);

- kudzera mwa kusanthula katswiri wa nkhani - ndi nkhani ya akatswiri odziwa amatha kufufuza zinthu zimene zimakhudza khalidwe la chinthu.

Popeza tafotokozera njira Mwina mawerengedwe mkati kuwerengetsa wosadalirika ndi kuopsa akhoza chitani tanthauzo ake othandiza. Tiyeni kuphunzira mmene vutoli angathe kuthetsedwa.

Kodi kudziwa imabwera zochitika chosadziwika kuchita?

Othandiza tanthauzo la Mwina kudzipheralo chinthu okhudza chinthu chimene amakhala ndi nkhawa ndi chiopsezo akuyamba ndi chiphunzitso cha ziyembekezo zenizeni za chinthu kake. Ngati ali ndi kugula mphamvu ya likulu poyerekezera ndi kukula tingayembekezere, kukhala chomwecho kapena kuchepa.

Zolinga za zachuma Pankhaniyi akhoza Mwachitsanzo:

- likulu ndalama ndi kuchepekela kugula mphamvu mu wamakono wa chuma lokhazikika;

- mapangidwe pamaziko a ndalama ndi khola kapena kukula kugula mphamvu ya mabuku ena zolowa zomwe zasungidwa.

Tiyerekeze kuti zachuma amafuna likulu - chifukwa cha zifukwa cha kufufuma - akadali kuchepetsa kugula mphamvu zawo, kotero kuti ayenera aganyali mu wamakono wa chuma lokhazikika. Choncho chiopsezo (njakata) mu nkhani iyi ndi kuti kwambiri kuchuluka kwa likulu kuti padera mu kakatundu madzi, pamene kugula mphamvu yake, mosiyana ndi ziyembekezo, kukula. Chifukwa cha - kampani adzalandira zasungidwa zochepa nditamva. mpikisano, nayenso akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito likulu lawo efficiently.

Popeza tafotokozera ziyembekezo okhudza chinthu, yodziwika ndi nkhawa ndi chiopsezo, m'pofunika kufufuza kuchotsedwa zinthu kulimbikitsa khalidwe la chinthu kake. Izi zikhoza kukhala:

- State chuma zizindikiro (kuphatikizapo - mlingo kufufuma kwa ndalama mayiko, amene takambirana kale pamwambapa);

- zinthu pa msika adalikumfunafuna ndi zipangizo ndi likulu (zomwe ndi kuchita masamu pa mtengo wa mphamvu kugula likulu kampani);

- kubwerera pa mphamvu chuma (amene amasankha chiyembekezo cha moyo wamakono wa chuma ndi yoikidwiratu wa kampani).

Komanso, kugwiritsa ntchito njira masamu, ndi olimba linaŵerengera mlingo chachikulu cha chikoka pa chinthu zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ndiye Mwina kudziwika kwa aliyense wa iwo.

Choncho, mungaone kuti chochuluka likulu olimba a yaikulu pa kugula zipangizo ndi ndalama, pamene iwo makamaka ankaitanitsa ochokera m'mayiko. Choncho, kuchuluka kapena kuchepa kugula mphamvu ya ndalama kudzadalira luso la gulu, poyamba pa zonse, mphamvu ya ndalama ya dziko, ndi Pamlingo wamng'ono kwa mlingo boma kufufuma.

Magwero njakata (chiopsezo) Pankhaniyi adzakhala ndi chikhalidwe zazikulu za citukuko. Motero, mayiko mlingo yosinthira ndalama amakhudza makamaka malipiro muyezo wa boma, chiŵerengero cha chuma ndi ngongole, mlingo wa ngongole za boma, chiwerengero cha wotuluka ntchito ndalama m'midzi ndi ogulitsa yachilendo.

Choncho Mwina zochitika chosadziwika - kuwonjezeka, kusamala mu mtengo wolimba kapena m'munsi kugula mphamvu likulu kuchita masamu ndi kudziwa zinthu zikuluzikulu zokhudza ofanana zinthu chinthu tanthauzo bokosibode zinthu izi, ndipo Mwina awo yatsoka (zimene pamapeto, amadalira ndi zinthu mlingo zina - mu nkhani iyi, zazikulu chuma).

Kupanga zinthu moganizira chiopsezo

Choncho tinaphunzira momwe angathe kuchitidwa mawerengedwe a Mwina yatsoka mikhalidwe ntchito mfundo zimene zimakhudza khalidwe la chinthu, yodziwika ndi nkhawa ndi chiopsezo. Komanso zothandiza kufufuza zina mmene angasankhire yake pansi pa zikhalidwe nkhawa ndi chiopsezo.

Akatswiri amakono apeza mndandanda wa muyezo, sipangakhalenso motsogozedwa mu chimango cha ntchito zina:

- Mwina kuona ntchito akuyembekezeka;

- ziyembekezo kukwaniritsa mfundo kwambiri mkulu ndi otsika kwa magawo pansi kulingalira;

- mlingo wa kupezeka pakati kuyembekezera, osachepera ndi mfundo zambiri.

Muyeso yoyamba ikukhudza kusankha njira, kukhazikitsa zomwe zingachititse kuti ndi chifukwa mulingo woyenera - mwachitsanzo, nkhani ya likulu ndalama ku kutsegula kwa fakitale kwa kupanga ma TV ku China.

Zikuyembekezeka ntchito mu nkhani iyi akhoza zochokera deta mbiri zowerengera kapena mawerengedwe (koma m'Baibulo, kachiwiri, pa chochitika othandiza a akatswiri amene asankha). Mwachitsanzo, Ngopambana kungakhale zomwe profitability kumasulidwa TV fakitale China pafupifupi ndi pafupifupi 20%. Choncho, kutsegula fakitale okha, iwo ali oyenera kuyembekezera chizindikiro ofanana mtima kwa ndalama likulu.

Iwonso akhoza kudziwa milandu imene wina wa kampani siinafike manambala awa, ndipo Komanso, anakhala opanda pake. Choncho, Ngopambana adzakhala ndi kuganizira Tiyerekezenso monga ziro kapena zoipa masamba.

Komabe, zachuma nawonso inanena kuti Mabungwe ena anakwanitsa kukwaniritsa dzuwa la ndalama m'mafakitale Chinese mu ukulu wa 70%. Kukwaniritsa chithunzi lolingana ndi naonso anatengedwa mu posankha zochita.

Chiopsezo (chifukwa njakata mu nkhani iyi) pamene kuganizira kuthekera pakuika kutsegula kwa fakitale mu PRC akhoza kukhala pakutchulidwa mikhalidwe kwa hule zinthu zikuwononga moyo chinthu - mlingo profitability. Anthu zinthu kungachititse chakuti chithunzi chogwirizana naye adzakhala negative. Komabe, zotsatira zosiyana mwina njakata ndiponso kukwaniritsa profitability 70%, mwachitsanzo manambala amene kale kukwaniritsa ntchito zina.

Kukachitika kuti malire zoipa anasonyezedwa, ndi kulankhula, 10% ya mafakitale mwatsegula mu China, mlingo wa 70% akwaniritsa 5%, monga momwe anali kuyembekezera - 20% - chinalembedwa pa zotsatira za 85% ya mafakitale ndi, Ngopambana molondola angathe kutenga HIV zochita za pakuika kutsegula kwa TV opanga mbewu mu China.

Ngati malire zoipa pamaziko a deta zilipo adzakhala atathana 30% ya mafakitale, Ngopambana mungathe:

- kusiya lingaliro kuti aganyali fakitale;

- kupenda zimene mwina tsankho mphamvu ya chotero ndalama modzichepetsa kupanga TV.

Ngati chachiwiri kumachitika ndi kasamalidwe chiopsezo zochita kudzaunikidwa zochokera atsopano muyezo mu mawonekedwe a ziyembekezo za akadakwanitsira, pazipita ndi osachepera mitengo. Mwachitsanzo, akhoza kuphunzira mphamvu ya mitengo kugula kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu - monga mmodzi wa zinthu za profitability. Kapena - zizindikiro za kufunika mu msika, zomwe zinkabweretsa chikalata pa fakitale TV China.

chidule

Choncho, tinaganiza chikhalidwe cha zochitika monga kusamvetsa ndi chiopsezo ku malonda. Iwo akhoza mufotokozere zosiyanasiyana zinthu. Mu malonda dera zambiri kugula luso la likulu, profitability, mtengo kwa anthu kapena mitengo ina kalembera wanu.

Chiopsezo nthawi zambiri kuonedwa ndi ofufuza monga chitsanzo chapadera njakata. Izo zimanyezimiritsa mosavuta kukwaniritsa ndi osafunika kapena zoipa zotsatira za ntchito iliyonse.

Chiopsezo ndi njakata - malingaliro yogwirizana mawu akuti "Mwina", zokhudzana ndi masamu. Iwo limafanana ndi ya njira kuti amakulolani kuwerengetsa ngati zoyembekeza bwanayo tilungamitsidwa pankhani malonda, kapena munthu wina chidwi ndi kulemekeza zinthu zimene zingakhudzire kumachitika ndi chiopsezo anira ntchito.