Olshansky manda ku Prague. anthu otchuka m'manda mu manda Olshansky

Mmodzi wa zowoneka kwambiri anapita ku Prague - Olsany manda. Ndi ili mu chigawo chachitatu loyang'anira mzinda. Nthawi zambiri, musanayambe kusankha malo ku likulu Czech, alendo kulongosola - ngati mbali ya ulendo malo awa mu pulogalamu ya maulendo. Ndipo kulibe kudabwa: pali zambiri zachinsinsi ndi zachinsinsi ngodya, pamene luso mdima zapiringizana ndi kunong'ona kwa anthu ambirimbiri moyo.

Mliri zoopsa: mbiri ya manda

Mbiri ya malo awa ali kunayambira ku Middle Ages. Ndiye malo amenewa anali m'mudzi ili Olshany, kenako munda ndiwe wa ansembe ndi. Kenako, akuluakulu a boma anaganiza kutenga munda waukulu pansi kwaokha manda. ganizo limeneli anali malinga ndi moyo: pambuyo pa zonse, mu 1680 mumzinda nakantha mliri lowopsya la mliri. Kuyika akufa ku manda ake, yomwe ili pa Roma Katolika zinali zoopsa chabe.

Yoweyula latsopano la mliri wa waphimba wa Prague mu 1715. Oopsya matenda anachotsa moyo wonse watsopano. mpumulo wake malo komaliza anapezeka akufa m'deralo. Kenako mu 1796, Mfumu Joseph II ananena - Olsany manda ndi kukhala okhazikika. Apa mmanda anthu a m'madera awiri Prague: Chakale ndi Chatsopano Town. Pamene ambiri zaka 200, malo awa anali malo kwa anthu wamba, kuti umunthu kwambiri. Mtendere chimapezeka Jan Palach, Sophia Tolstaya, Basil Levitsky Arkady Averchenko, ndi ena ambiri.

Mfundo yaikulu ya njirazo alendo

Lero tikhoza kuzitcha izo manda kwambiri anapita kukopa ku Prague. Manda a anthu amene analemba nkhani ngodya kwabasi, tombstones Gothic ndi mzimu wachisoni mtsikana - necropolis ndi anadabwa.

Olshansky manda ndi zodabwitsa ndi kukula kwake. Malo - 50 Ha Malinga ndi magwero boma m'manda apa 112 zikwi anthu: 65 000 manda wamba, 25,000 m'manda, columbaria asanu ndi limodzi (malo ndi urns m'manda) ndi zikwi makumi awiri unachita kutenthedwa, manda mazana awiri, matchalitchi. Koma malinga ndi kafukufuku zosavomerezeka, chiwerengero cha m'manda ndi miliyoni. Ndiko kuti, mu necropolis wa anthu ambiri kuposa amakhala Prague yokha lero.

dongosolo

dongosolo, amene amalola kuyenda m'dera lalikulu, anaonekera mu 1835. malo atsopano amene amapezeka kumanda anayamba kuwatchula mawerengero achiroma. Tsopano necropolis limapangidwa 12 manda, n'zotheka kulowa mbali zitatu. Komanso, zovuta za kumanda zikuphatikizapo zipinda ziwiri basi mwambo wa anatsanzikana. Onse a iwo zinamangidwa mu m'ma XIX.

The moyandikana imfa ndi luso

Necropolis wotchuka chabe malo chidwi komanso zipilala, ziboliboli, manda ndi gravestones. A mbali yaikulu ya iwo kunayamba zaka XVIII-XIX, choncho imatengedwa cholowa chikhalidwe cha dziko.

View la alendo amakopeka tombstone yosonyeza mtengo chidwi ndi mphezi. Ntchito ya luso Czech modernist Frantisek Rous ili pafupi ndi khomo lalikulu. More angapezeke kuno ziboliboli ndi ambuye monga Ignats Plattser, Vatslav Prahner, Frantisek Bilek. Ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuyambira Baroque kuti Classicism.

anthu otchuka m'manda mu manda Olshansky

List of wotchuka anthu mpumulo mu nthaka ya Prague manda, wautali. Mwachitsanzo, mpumulo ungalipeze Vasily Nemirovich-Danchenko. Mkulu anatchuka kwambiri ed chithunzi anali mlembi, mtolankhani ndi wapaulendo. Iye anayamba kufalitsa mu 1860s mochedwa, essays wake luso ethnographic anali "Mfundo za Lathu", "Journal of Europe" ndi mabuku ena. Palimodzi mu ntchito yake yolenga m'kuunika kumanzere mabuku oposa 60 za ntchito zake. Kukwera Vasily Nemirovich-Danchenko analephera kutenga ndi anasamuka. Anafa wolemba ku Prague - mu September 1936.

Mu nthawi yovuta ndale kwa Russia kusiya wolemba Arkady Averchenko, kuimba Vasily Levitsky, wotchuka Sophia Tolstoy ndi opanga ena mfundo, sayansi ndi chikhalidwe. Iwo m'manda mu manda Olshansky. Chobisa necropolis ndi Czechs wotchuka. Pano pali manda a ndakatulo Yozefa Yungmana, Karel Kramarzha wandale, wolemba Vaclav Klicpera. Komanso, anaikidwa ndi Jan Palach - wophunzira amene poyera yekha kudzimvera immolation. Izi zinachitika mu 1969. Choncho mnyamata zionetsero Union ntchito yake.

Kupuma ndi manda ndi usilikali. Mofanana dziko atagona thupi la oimira anayi mwakamodzi asilikali a Russia - Red, White, Imperial ndi kumasulidwa. Komanso, apa ali m'manda a anthu amene anafa pa nkhondo yolimbana Napoleon nagwa pa kumenyana nkhondo dziko.

Pulezidenti woyamba wa Carpatho-Ukraine Augustin Voloshin komanso apuma pa izi manda Prague. ntchito Political anayamba mu 1919. Anakhazikitsa wachikhristu bwino Party anthu amene anatsogolera kuchokera mu 1923 mpaka 1939. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, amadziwika kuti Voloshin pokhudzana ndi boma la Nazi Germany. Anadzipereka nsembe za udindo wa pulezidenti wa Ukraine, umene panthawi imeneyo anali kulamulidwa ndi Germany. Augustine Voloshin anafa Moscow, Butyrskaya.

Manda a Kafka

Necropolis tichipeza zigawo zitatu zazikulu. gawo limodzi ndinapatsidwa monga kotaya wa Czechs, wachiwiri - kwa nzika Orthodox, ndipo wachitatu ndi manda a Ayuda. Apa, poyamba, ndipo anaikidwa m'manda Franz Kafka. manda ake ili pa chiwembu 21, inu muyenera kuyenda khoma kupeza ake.

Dziwani kuti ngakhale Kafka analemba German, iye anali mwana weniweni wa Prague. Iye ankakhala mu likulu Czech, ndi zambiri kukamuona nthawi akuzunzidwa. Yayikulu ya moyo wake Franz Kafka anakhala kutali Old Town Square: kuno anakulira, anaphunzitsidwa, ntchito, anakumana abwenzi.

Pamaliro ku mwambo Orthodox

Chiwerengerochi Cultural ndi andale amene anasamuka ku Prague pambuyo zisinthe anakwiriridwa m'madera ena, potsatira miyambo yonse Orthodox. Kuchita izi, mpingo wa Orthodox anamangidwira pano!

Maonekedwe a Orthodox gawo la manda anathandiza Archpriest Nikolai Ryzhikov. Iye anali rector wa mpingo wa St. Nicholas, yomwe ili pa Old Town Square. Kenako Nikolai Ryzhikov anayamba kulera ndalama kwa pomanga m'tchalitchi. Komabe, mfundo imeneyi linasiyidwa. Re akulankhula za iyo mu 1923 - ndiye manda ku Prague idaleka kugwira ambiri manda. The muitana thandizo polera ndalama anayankha zambiri anthu anapanga zopereka kwambiri kwa anthu Chisebiya, osati mbali ndipo anali mtumiki woyamba yaikulu ya dziko la Czechoslovakia Karel Kramář. Ambiri, kunapezeka kuti ndalama zochokera udzakhala wokwanira osati tchalitchi ang'ono, ndi mpingo! Tinayesetsa pa chilengedwe cha anthu osiyana - ndi mphamvu ndi nzeru, nzika wamba. Iwo anagwira ntchito kwaulere, kulenga osati mpingo wa Akukwera, koma chizindikiro cha umodzi ndi kuthokoza ku Russia amene bwino anawalandira mu dziko lachirendo. Mpingo wa Mfundo za Mariya Namwali Wodalitsidwa wapangidwa mogwirizana ndi zolinga za Pskov ndi Novgorod zomangamanga wakale. Ndi chipilala kuti anthu onse Russian, amene anafera m'dziko lachilendo. The abbot loyamba la kachisi anakhala Bishop Sergei Korolev.

zachisoni mtsikana

Tsiku Olshansky manda odzaza alendo usiku necropolis, komanso monga ena onse, chete m'chipululu. Palibe chipwirikiti, ngakhale alendo kapena nzika sizikuwoneka pano dzuwa litalowa. Mpumulo yopuma m'manda yekha chisoni mtsikana: amanena kuti kwambiri usiku wa mwezi mwezi, zikuoneka mu gawo wamkulu wa manda - m'dera la Mliri. Pakuona kufotokoza izo monga chonchi: yaitali loyenda tsitsi mdima, azivala monga mviligo. Iwo mwina amanena chinachake, kapena kuimba nyimbo zachisoni. Amene anakhalapo adabva kuti maso izi adamva nyimbo ndi misozi, mtima wanga wadzadza ndi chisoni kwambiri. Amene anatha kuona nkhope ya mtsikana izi, kunena - munthu ali wa mwamuna amene akudziwa ndi chisoni chachikulu ndi chimwemwe chachikulu.

Mtsikanayo pang'onopang'ono amayenda kudutsa usiku m'manda, anaweramanso ndi tombstones amene anamwalira ku mliri. Ake atachoka lomveka ndikuusa, masitepe kaphokoso osiyana mphepo. The osalimba, pafupifupi mandala chithunzi motsetsereka pakati pa ziboliboli ndi tombstones. Mosasintha, anasamukira ku malo amodzi - manda Olshanskys. Amanena kuti m'manda wokonda ake.

Kodi kufika Prague manda?

Ku mzinda kwa necropolis makilomita atatu okha. Olshansky manda ili pa Vinohradská 1835/153. Njira yabwino kwambiri kuyenda ndi thandizo la Prague yapansi - mukufuna kuti siteshoni Flora. Amene akufuna kuona limodzi njira za mudzi, muyenera kusankha sitima nambala 5, 10, 13, 51. Pofuna kukwaniritsa chotheka kuti achepetse Olšanské hřbitovy.