Zilembo Arabic: mbali ya analemba. Zilembo Arabic

Mosiyana kwambiri m'zinenero dziko, makalata Arabic zolembedwa 'script ", kulumikiza mawu kwa wina ndi mzake. Zilibe kanthu, Malemba ndi dzanja kapena kusindikizidwa. Chinthu china chimene sizinayende azolowere kuyamba kuphunzira chinenero cha Arabic - kulemba mutuwo kuchokera kumanja kupita kumanzere. Tiyeni tione mbali ya kulemba ndi galamafoniyo la makalata a Chiarabu.

General Mfundo za Chiarabu

Only Qur'an, komanso sayansi, ana ndi mabuku maphunziro olembedwa ndi mavawelo, nthawi zina mawu ndi kuchilemba popanda mavawelo. N'chifukwa chake pamene akulemba galamafoniyo cha Arabic ndi lomasuliridwa ndi olembedwa kuti kutchulidwa. Musanayambe kulemba galamafoniyo mu mawu ndi ziganizo tikuuzidwa vocalization.

Polemba mawu ndi mavawelo amapezeka kawirikawiri ntchito Damm, Fatah ndi kyasra (za mawu zizindikiro), Shaddaa (anawaonjezera kuwirikiza kawiri chizindikiro) ndi tanvin (yosowa kwambiri ndi chizindikiro nunation).

Nthawi zina mukhoza kuona mu sukun malemba (chizindikiro pakalibe za mawu) ndi Wasley (pakalibe glottal amasiya chizindikiro) ndi Hamza (alekanitsa mavawelo kwa mnzake).

Features galamafoniyo

Kupezeka kwa phokoso wapadera (pharyngeal, kotsindika, pakati pa mano), amene ali kwina zinenero zambiri ku Ulaya, kusokoneza kwambiri ntchito kwa munthu amene akuyesa kumasulira makalata Arabic mu galamafoniyo. Ndipotu, ungabva tenepa zitha pochitika mozungulira.

Lero, pali mitundu iwiri ya galamafoniyo. Science - ndi katchulidwe zolondola kwambiri, ndi zothandiza, kulola ena kuonetsa mmene kutchula makalata Arabic. Translation, kapena kani, Pomasulira chikachitika mothandizidwa ndi zilembo Russian ndi zilembo Latin. The galamafoniyo wotchuka kwambiri, mungachite ndiponso sayansi, yapangidwa ndi Arabists Krachkovsky Yushmanova.

zilembo

Iye anabwera kuchokera ku Foinike kuti Aluya zilembo. Pamafunikanso otchulidwa osati onse, komanso zithunzi yeniyeni phokoso la chinenero. Awa ndi makalata Arabic monga "SA" (ofanana zofewa English TH interdental), "ha" (exhaling akufanana ndi amene amapanga galu ndi kupuma), "Zal" (kulira phokoso kuti inu pamene inu nsonga ya lilime pakati pa mano ndi kunena "SA"), "DAP" (inu kupeza pamene inu azigamula phokoso "E" ndipo nthawi yomweyo kutenga lilime anu mmbuyo ndi pang'ono m'munsi nsagwada) "kwa" (limatsindika phokoso ngati "s", koma limachulidwa pamene retracting lilime ndi zosavuta kufufutidwa la nsagwada m'munsi), "Gagné" (ofanana mu zomveka grassiruyuschee French "r Mukhoza").

Ndi ponena kuti makalata onse a zilembo Arabic ndi zilembo ofunika. superscript Special kapena subscript-za mawu ntchito potanthauza mavawelo akuimira phokoso "ndipo", "Y" ndipo "a".

Koma ngati inu mverani mawu a munthu amene amalankhula Arabic, ndiye ine ndinamva mavawelo ena. Ichi ndi chifukwa yofanana osiyanasiyana katchulidwe mkati phokoso consonant. Malinga consonant chizindikiro-vocalization zingamvekere ngati "E" (nthawi zambiri), ndipo syllables, diphthongs ndi zilembo ndi akupeza olimba "o" -shaped phokoso. Ndi chizindikiro "sukun" izo ananenera ndi kulira amphamvu "E".

Manja vocalization "ndi" akhoza lidzasinthidwa "s" ndi zilembo zovuta, koma vocalization "Y" kawirikawiri zimasintha phokoso ake kwa ena chakale Arabic, koma ena m'zilembo anapeza kusintha kwa phokoso la "o".

Kodi makalata zilembo Arabic ambiri? Iwo ali 28 ndipo ali onse malinga ndi (- "Alif" kupatulapo ndi kalata yoyamba ya zilembo). kalata imodzi ndi nthawi ofanana ndi mawu amodzi. Mwachitsanzo, kalata "Ba" (wachiwiri zilembo) limachulidwa ngati mkokomo mwakhama "b" mawu "nkhosa", koma pa mapeto a mawu konse kuyembekezera (mu thundu Russian kutchulidwa monga "dup", izi sizichitika pa Chiarabu).

Features kulemba

zilembo Arabic ziridi zovuta zimenezi, makamaka kwa oyamba. Mwa njira, "ligature" ntchito osati Aluya, komanso ena anthu Turkic, komanso anthu amene amalankhula Chipashito kapena Chiudu. Kulemba mosamalitsa kumanja kupita kumanzere.

The ndondomeko kwambiri kulemba ndi motere:

1. Choyamba olembedwa mu gawo la makalata safuna kuti Vulani polemba cholembera kwa pepala.
2. Kenako, kuwonjezera magawo kuti aphatikizidwa mu ndandanda kalata, koma kulemba iwo mosalekeza sachiza. Zikuphatikizapo mizere mfundo, ofukula ndi oblique.
3. Ngati ndi kotheka, limakonza mawu.

Nkosafuna kulemba chilembo chilichonse zimadalira pamalo ake mawu. zilembo Arabic zambiri ndi amitundu inayi nkhope (freestanding, pa chiyambi kapena mapeto a mawu, apakatikati). Kupatulapo likukhudza makalata 6 okha: "Alif", amene nthawi zonse zolembedwa payokha, ndipo "Mtunda", "Zal", "RA", "Zain" ndi "vav" omwe osalumikidwa ndi chizindikiro zotsatirazi pambuyo pawo.

Nthawi zambiri, anthu ambiri amene amayamba kuphunzira Arabic, kuwerenga mawu Pomasulira. Izi ndi kulakwitsa chachikulu. Kuti molondola kutchula mawu Arabic ayenera kuyamba ndi kuphunzira zilembo ndi katchulidwe zolondola aliyense kalata. bwino kuphunzira zilembo, mukhoza kupita mu katchulidwe ka mawu ndiponso kumanga ziganizo.