Derivation: Zitsanzo ndi

Mapangidwe mawu atsopano - ndondomeko zofunika kwambiri. Iye ananena kuti chinenero alibe kuima, akufotokozera, ndi paulendo. The ndondomeko ya kukhala mawu a particles chinenero motalika kwambiri, chifukwa onyamula ndi kuzolowera izo. mawu atsopano otchedwa neologisms. A sayansi kuti amaphunzira njira za maonekedwe awo - mawu mapangidwe.

Mawu mapangidwe monga gawo chinenero

mawu alionse pali ziwalo kwambiri a morpheme lapansi. Izi nkhawa osati Russian, komanso a zinenero zina zonse. mbali zimenezi zimatchedwa kwambiri chifukwa kumatanthauza mapangidwe mawu atsopano, iwo sasintha pa declension kapena conjugation. morphemes Awa ndi prefixes, suffixes ndipo m'munsi. Choncho - ndi njira ya mawu mapangidwe mawu prefixed ndi suffix.

Amagwiritsidwanso nawo maziko ndi maonekedwe a mawu atsopano. Mankhwalawa ndi udindo mapangidwe mawu pawiri, chifukwa chikhazikitso, zimavuta ndi mzake, anapanga.

Dziwani kuti nthawi zina zovuta mme- chiyambi cha zimene wakhala izi kapena kuti mawu. Pankhaniyi, zimathandiza derivation dictionary. Iye ali, mu chinenero chirichonse. Mukhozanso kuyang'ana mu etymological, monga zambiri morpheme chimene mawu anali kamodzi anapanga, zinaphatikizidwa ndi muzu.

Mwachitsanzo, mawu kukumbukira. Mu njira ya chitukuko cha mbiri yakale, mawu ataya bokosi PA pamwamba, ndi njira imene zinachitika. Panopa, parsing morphemic ife kuunikila mu mawu okha muzu, maziko ndi mapeto.

Mapangidwe mawu ndi suffixes

Suffixes ndi kukhala wochitachita mu maonekedwe a mawu atsopano. Iwo angathe zidzawonjezedwa kwa m'munsi, kumene tinachokera (suffix njira) ndi truncated (bessufiksny, bezaffiksny njira). Taganizirani mawu-mapangidwe suffix.

Tiyeni tiwone momwe Nebula unapangidwa chachikazi. Yosanthula unyolo uwu derivational: Loyamba, mawu adjective misty chifunga anapanga ndi suffix - N - (suffix njira), kutali kuchokera suffix mawu -ost- kupangidwa ngati Nebula suffixed unsembe.

Tiyeni tione wina ofanana mawu mapangidwe. Zitsanzo za (mwachidule): woyera - mapuloteni (m'munsi woyera - ndi suffix - m'ma -); chombo - ndi Komatsu (m'munsi katundu - ndi suffix - snip -); lapansi - pansi (maziko a dziko lapansi - ndi suffix - yang -).

Tsopano timaona mmene mawu anapanga bezaffiksnym njira. Tingaonenso yomweyo kuti zodabwitsazi zimachitika mu chinenero cha Chirasha kamodzikamodzi kuposa kuwonjezera suffix. Choncho anapanga yekha manauni. Njira ndi iyi: suffix ndi asakhalenso zapansi kutulutsa.

Taganizirani chitsanzo ichi: kwa adjective kwambiri zodula njira suffix anaonekera kuya chachikazi. Tikuyankhula zokhudza njira bezaffiksnom, chifukwa adjective m'munsi anasintha mutu.

More Zitsanzo: chete - chete (patsinde zotchezera - iwo anadula suffix); pochitika - kusintha (ku maziko a kusintha kudula suffix - ndi -); kuthamanga - athamangadi (kuthamanga ndi maziko - kuti kudula suffix - ndi -).

Derivation ndi prefixes

Wina njira yotchuka kwambiri - prefixation kapena prefixed. izo kwagona kuti ndi mawu koyamba manambala oyambirira amaika maziko. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pamene ntchito njira kubala otumphukira ndi mawu - gawo womwewo wa kulankhula.

Taganizirani mmene derivation. Zitsanzo ndi: Mawu mapangidwe unyolo siteshoni - siteshoni - Privokzalny. Ku siteshoni mawu anapanga mawu suffixed njira siteshoni (nawo -n- suffix), ndiye mothandizidwa ndi prefixes anapanga mawu zobisika Privokzalny platformers njira. Onetsetsani kulabadira chakuti mawu siteshoni ndipo Privokzalny - adjectives.

Wina unyolo derivational: Blue - kutembenukira buluu - kutembenukira buluu. Apa, patsinde mawu buluu suffixed njira anapanga mneni kutembenukira buluu, ndi kale kwa izo platformers - mneni kutembenukira buluu.

Monga anapanga mawu: kasewenzetsedwe ka mau kupita - kupita (Y manambala oyambirira); kasewenzetsedwe ka mau kulemba - kulilembanso (manambala oyambirira ku-); adjectives mafashoni - kwamakono (manambala oyambirira super-); manauni agogo - agogo (manambala oyambirira pra-); adverbs kumanzere - kumanzere (manambala oyambirira HA); akuti munthu - munthu (koe pamwamba bokosi)

njira Platformers-suffix

Pali milandu pamene mapangidwe mawu atsopano kumakhudza suffix ndi manambala oyambirira. Iwo platformers-suffixed mawu mapangidwe. Zitsanzo adzakhala pansipa.

Tiyeni Derivational unyolo: m'dziko - m'dziko. A otumphukira mawu popangidwa ndi akonzedwa pamwamba bokosi ndi - ndi suffix - ndi - Ufumuyo nthawi yomweyo. Choncho, tisunga prefixed-suffix njira.

Nthawi zambiri mawu aumbike mwa njira iyi chichokera osakaniza ndi nauni ndi anawagwiritsira a. Mwachitsanzo: chigawo - kuwoloka mtsinje; tebulo - pa tebulo; boletus - pansi pa mtengo birch. Choncho, prepositions ntchito pamene chinachake zitsulo prefixes.

Mapangidwe mawu pawiri

Zikamera mawu atsopano ku maziko angakhale nawo. Choncho, pali mawu ovuta kapena slozhnosokraschennye. Tiyeni tione njira zimenezi ndi zitsanzo za mawu mapangidwe.

The njira ya Kuwonjezera

Zimakhala nawo monga mawu zonse, ndi maziko kapena gawo la izo. Mawu Sofa bedi, roketi, tebulo-book anapanga njira iyi.

Komanso Kuwonjezera zapansi akhoza ikuyenda kudzera mavawelo kulumikiza. Iwo ali awiri mu Russian :. O e Choncho panali mawu monga m'nkhalango steppe, mbala, konkire.

Koma njira ina Kuwonjezera - inalowa zonse kwa zapansi wa truncated: poldyni, msasa, khoma nyuzipepala.

Mawu atsopano angaoneke mu akuti, ndi Kutsata kapena subordinating: nyama ndi mkaka (mkaka ndi nyama - coordinative), ndi German-Russian (German ndipo Russian - coordinative); zaulimi (ulimi - subordination), kumanzere-banki (kumanzere banki - subordination). Ngati pakati pa mawu coordinative chomangira - iwo ali hyphenated, ndipo ngati subordinative - akadalembedwa monga mawu amodzi.

Izi ndi zitsanzo za mawu lomenyera mawu Russian chinenero pawiri.

mawu Slozhnosokraschennye

Wamng'ono Russian njira ya mawu mapangidwe - mawu slozhnosokraschennye. Iwo amaoneka powonjezera syllables kapena makalata koyamba kwa mawu. Tiyeni tione njira zimenezi ndi zitsanzo za mawu mapangidwe.

Ngati mawu anaonekera pamene kuwonjezera makalata koyamba, kenako iwo akutchedwa acronym, ndi phwando - chidule. Kompyuta (pakompyuta kompyuta), Theatre kwa Young People (Wachinyamata zisudzo), NPP (mphamvu za nyukiliya chomera) - onse achidule. Kumbukirani kuti mfundo pakati makalata safuna kuika.

njira ina kupanga mawu slozhnosokraschennyh - Kuwonjezera syllables. Ndi mawu ngati Chombo (atomu, kuyenda), munda (yolima), naturalists (Young zachilengedwe), m'sitolo (m'sitolo).

Kasewenzetsedwe ka mau njira amenewa anapangidwa, manauni yekha ndi adjectives.

Mapangidwe mawu mu chingelezi

Komanso mu Russian, pali mawu lomenyera English. Zitsanzo yosanthula pansipa.

Derivation ndi manambala oyambirira: kotheka (Nkosatheka) - inpossible (zosatheka - ndi manambala oyambirira mu); nkhondo (nkhondo) - prewar (nkhondo - ndi manambala oyambirira chisanadze); kulemba (lemba) - kulilembanso (kulilembanso - ndi manambala oyambirira kukonzanso). N'zotheka kuti omaliza m'mbali kuti English, tanthauzo lexical cha mawu otumphukira ndi Lamulo mtengo wa mtima, ndiye, ngati tiyenera kupanga mawu atsopano, kusankha kutonthoza abwino kwambiri tanthauzo lexical.

Zitsanzo suffix derivation: kuphunzitsa (akuphunzitseni) - mphunzitsi (mphunzitsi). Mawu kunabwera kujowina maziko a akuphunzitseni - suffix - angasunge -; ufulu (kukhala mfulu) - ufulu (ufulu) - mawu aumbike mwa suffix - ufumu -; mphamvu (mphamvu) - mphamvu (mphamvu) - chinapangidwa ndi suffix wa - ful -.

Derivation powonjezera: mtawuni (mzinda) anatengedwa kuchokera ndizosowa pansi (pansi) ndi tawuni (mzinda); mobisa (yapansi, mobisa) kuphatikiza pa maziko a (a) ndi nthaka (padziko); udindo ufulu (ntchito ufulu shopu) - maziko a ntchito (msonkho) ndi ufulu (mfulu, free).

Pali mawu English popangidwa ndi truncating: agogo - Agogo aakazi (agogo); yapansi - boma (yapansi); masamu - maths (masamu).

Chidule mu English ndi choncho: osadziwika ukuuluka chinthu (UFO) - An chinthu wosadziwika ukuuluka (UFO); imelo (pakompyuta makalata) - imelo.

kutembenuka

Onse mu Chirasha ndi English, pali njira ina kupanga mawu: kutembenuka. Pankhaniyi, mbali ya mawu ndi asinthidwa kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake.

Taganizirani chinenero cha Chirasha ndi mawu mapangidwe. Zitsanzo: kuchokera adjective mphunzitsiyo (chipinda) mu mphunzitsi nauni; ayisikilimu - kuchokera adjective mu nauni.

Mu English: mvula (mvula, nauni) - mvula (drizzle, mneni); ntchito (ntchito mneni) - ntchito (ntchito nauni); buluu (buluu, nauni) - buluu (buluu, adjective).

Kukweza mawu ndi mawu mapangidwe: kodi pali kusiyana?

M'pofunika kusiyanitsa Kukweza mawu ndi mawu mapangidwe. Zitsanzo yosanthula pansipa. Kukweza mawu - kusintha mu mawonekedwe a mawu: mbali yawo, chiwerengero, jenda, nthawi (mneni). M'mawu ena, zizindikiro sanali okhazikika izi kapena kuti mbali yaikulu ya kulankhula. Zagwiridwa ndi kusintha mawonekedwe wa kulankhula kudzera kutha.

Derivation chomwecho - izo makamaka mapangidwe mawu latsopano, okhawo ali nazo chibadidwe makhalidwe morphological. Amakhalabe zikutsatiridwa mosaganizira mtundu chimene mawu waima. Tiyeni tione chitsanzo yeniyeni: zenera - zenera. Apa tikulalikira kusintha mu mawonekedwe a mawu, chifukwa anasintha kutha: mawu anachitira nominative, choncho, mu dative lapansi. Chinthu china angapo mawu zenera - sill. Pankhaniyi, ife tiri ndi chatsopano mawu manambala oyambirira njira: m'munsi mwa zenera - Onjezani manambala oyambirira. Komanso, zenera - mawu neuter, ndi sill - mwamuna. Anasintha zonse morphological mbali.

Tiyeni tione mitundu iwiri kwambiri ndi kasewenzetsedwe ka mau. Choyamba: Georgia - sinkers. Pankhaniyi, panali mawu kusintha patchuthi, anasintha kutha: ziro kwa - a. motero inflexion amapezeka. njira inanso zotumiza - Scott. Apa, mothandizidwa ndi prefixes - ku mneni imperfective anapanga latsopano, wangwiro.