Kodi OLEDs?

Ndi kubera anthu m'mayiko ena mfundo citukuko, yomwe ikukhudza greening wa makampani onse ndi kuchuluka kuzindikira chilengedwe katundu, amene akuti "organic", ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi kufunika. Ndipo OLEDs anali nazonso. Latsopano zamakono njira ndi zatsopano nthawi zonse kukopa chidwi cha anthu okonda "zotsogola", kuyenderana ndi nthawi. Kodi izo - OLEDs, kodi mfundo za ntchito yawo ndi chiyembekezo? Izi ndi mutu wa nkhani ino.

Pang'ono za mbiri

Electroluminescent katundu zipangizo organic anapeza mu 1950 ndi French sayansi Andre Bernanoz. Koma mu 1987 anapeza anapeza njira zamakono choyamba OLED-chipangizo chinachake chopangidwa ndi "Kodak". Ndipo mu 2000, akatswiri atatu chabe - A. MacDiarmid ndi H. Shirakawa ndi A. Heeger - anapatsidwa ndi Nobel Prize chifukwa cha zimene anatulukira m'munda wa ma polima organic tonkoprovodyaschih. Only mu 2008, anapitiriza zogulitsa woyamba OLED-nyale OSRAM kampani, amene anali ankakopera 25 pa mtengo wa mayuro 25 chikwi. Lero, nyali izi kupereka angapo makampani pa mtengo wa mayuro 500, pali madera angapo mu OLED-luso: PHOLED, TOLED, FOLED ndi ena kumvetsa kokha kwa akatswiri.

Kodi organic?

Oddly zokwanira, koma ntchito mawu akuti "organic" m'nkhani imeneyi alibe poyerekezera ndi mankhwala a nyama kapena chiyambi masamba. OLEDs kapena OLED (ku England Organic Kuwala emitting Diode), - ndi michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi unapangidwa mpweya zinthu zomwe amapanga cheza pamene tikudutsa therethrough ndi magetsi. Ntchito mankhwala awo kupanga zimapangidwira organic (mpweya mankhwala), imene imathandiza kuti adzatchedwa LEDs organic.

The chipangizo ndi zikuchokera

chipangizo imakhala magawo anayi: m'munsi, ndi anode, ndi cathode, ndi yochokera wosanjikiza conductive. M'munsi kapena gawo lapansi akhale galasi, pulasitiki kapena zachitsulo mbale. The anode ndi okusayidi indium doped ndi malata. Conductive wosanjikiza ndi zigawo emitting ndi ma polima, otsika maselo kulemera organic mankhwala. cathode The amapangidwa zotayidwa, calcium, kapena zitsulo zina.

luso ntchito osati sayansi

Organic kuwala emitting diodes anakonza pa mfundo za sangweji a. woonda zigawo zingapo semiconductors organic sandwiched pakati maelekitirodi raznozaryazhennymi (zabwino ndi zoipa). Ndipo anakonza pa maziko a zinthu zowonekera - galasi kapena mapulasitiki (mwachitsanzo, kusintha polyimide). Pamene panopa umayenda mwa maelekitirodi, iwo mawonekedwe mlandu particles (ma elekitironi ndi quasiparticles). Pafupifupi wosanjikiza organic particles ali anaikira ndi kulenga mkulu mphamvu malemeredwe, zomwe zimabweretsa kuwala umuna zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya wosanjikiza ndi organic. AMOLED choncho ndendende fulorosenti kapena fosforetsentnye zigawo organic.

Mitundu masanjidwewo organic kuwala emitting diodes

OLED-kusonyezedwa mtundu wa masanjidwewo lagawidwa yogwira-masanjidwewo ndi chabe-masanjidwewo. Yogwira-masanjidwewo zipangizo woonda-filimu akulamuliridwa ndi kunja zotsatira transistors, zomwe zili pansi pa anode zojambulazo. Chifaniziro chabe-masanjidwewo ndi kwaiye pa mfundo mphambano perpendicularly anakonza anode ndi cathode n'kupanga, pamene mphamvu za ikuchitika ndi dera kunja. Mmene ichi, pali atatu ziwembu mtundu OLED-kusonyezedwa:

• Ndi emitters osiyana wachikuda - atatu organic masanjidwewo zimatulutsa mitundu zitatu (buluu, wobiriwira ndi wofiira) imene fano aumbike.
• Ndi emitters atatu woyera ndi Zosefera wapadera mtundu.
• emitters Blue atatembenuzidwa mafunde pa mlengalenga ngati kuwala kwa ofiira ndi obiriwira.

ntchito masiku ano

Mu nthawi yathu, OLED-luso ntchito makamaka zikuchitika uzkospetsializovannyh. Holography ndi masomphenya a usiku zipangizo, organic kusonyezedwa mawailesi ndi makamera digito, mafoni zowonetsera ndi magetsi, ma TV ndi oyang'anira - zonsezi ndi choonadi cha OLED-sayansi.

The moyo utumiki wa OLED-zipangizo

zipangizo zonse zamakono, pogwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi, posapita nthawi akuwonetseredwa amatopa mtundu kuwala. Ngakhale pa kutsegula kwa anatulukira fragility umuna OLEDs. ntchito Resource chipangizo lero imatengedwa pafupifupi anatseka pamene chophimba kuwala kusanduka 50%. Opaleshoni ndi anaima ndi index anapatsidwa pafupifupi 70%. Koma mabungwe pakuika chitukuko cha matekinoloje tikugonjera zotsatira - zambiri ogula zikusintha chipangizo inatha kale ndi abwino chakumapeto kwa moyo.

bwino kwambiri

The gululi yaikulu ndi organic kuwala emitting diodes lero - ndi mankhwala a ntchito limodzi la mabungwe OSRAM, Philips, Novaled, Fraunhoter IPMS. Gulu kukula - masentimita 33 mpaka 33, ndi mbali ya m'dera - 828 sq. cm, ndi kabowo chiŵerengero - 76%. Pamene kuwala 1 zikwi candelas pa mita lalikulu la kamwazi kuwala kwa particles wa lumens 25 pa Watt. Anagulitsa lero, kampani lalikulu Lumiotec gulu ali ndi kukula kwa 15 ndi 15 masentimita ndi kamwazi wowala 60 lumens pa Watt, umene uli wofanana ndi fulorosenti getsi. A Panasonic Corporation mu mapulani 2020 kukhazikitsa mu kuwonetsera msika OLED ndi kamwazi wowala wa lumens 128 pa Watt. Popeza competes American kampani Doe, amene akulonjeza gululi ndi mitengo otaya mpaka lumens 170 pa Watt.

Ziyembekezo OLED-mapanelo

Ambiri zitsanzo wogwila ndi prototypes lero. Ndi okwera mtengo, ali anapanga magulu zochepa, musati maondo, koma sachita ogwira. mabungwe akuluakulu idzafotokoza kuchepetsa ndalama polojekiti, kukula kukula ndi kuwongolera zokolola. Akatswiri kulosera zikamera ya unyinji wa mankhwala ndi mitengo yotsika mtengo pa msika dziko ndi 2020.

OLED-kuyatsa

OLEDs mu younikira koma pa msika mu Chiyambi chake. Kupanga mankhwala sanabadwe anapezerapo bungwe lililonse. Mtengo wa nyali ngati akadali si mkulu kwa ogula ambiri, ndi kuwala ndi moyo batire ndi osauka. Zolowa zokwana madola US biliyoni 75 pa dziko msika, amene ali chiwerengero cha OLED-kuyatsa - kuchuluka m'malo ang'onoang'ono. Ogula la mankhwala amenewa si anthu achilengedwe, ndi mabungwe ena kuti zikugwira kamangidwe ka zipangizo ndi malo, komanso magalimoto makampani bungweli.

Ubwino ndi kuipa

Mu OLEDs, pali ubwino ndi kuipa. Mwa oyambirira angatsutse awo otsika mowa mphamvu ndi yunifolomu kufalitsidwa kuwala kudutsa gulu la, dzuwa mkulu, waubwenzi zachilengedwe ndi kuwala zofewa. Koma mwayi waukulu - ndi mwayi kuwapatsa kusinthasintha ndi suoneka. sangathe A ndi fragility diodes utumiki, mtengo ndi sayansi mavuto (chigawo organic ndi oxidized pa kukhudzana ndi madzi, chimene chimafuna kusindikiza zina). Koma mabungwe kupitiriza aganyali chitukuko cha njira zamakono izi, powona mwa iwo tsogolo la zamagetsi.

Kodi Eco-wochezeka

The OLED-zipangizo mulibe zitsulo ndi poizoni monga mankhwala enaake. Iwo mosavuta kukonzedwa ndipo popanda ndalama wapadera ndi zina processing mphamvu nazo. Iridium phosphorescent nyali OLED ndi sanali poizoni, ndi kuchuluka kwake ndi yaing'ono kwambiri. Mayendedwe woonda ndi kuwala OLED-mapanelo amafuna chuma ochepa, kuchepetsa ndalama, ndipo kumachepetsa katundu pa chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, TV polojekiti OLED-opendekera mainchesi 55 ali ndi makulidwe a 4 mm, ndipo zimalemera pafupifupi 5.4 makilogalamu.

Zongopeka zitakhala zenizeni

Ngakhale kukayikira wa akatswiri ena ambiri amakhulupirira kuti OLED-luso adzakhala pantchito yojambula m'ma 21. ntchito wosangalatsa chikukwaniritsidwa, akuti:

• Ndi matekinoloje adzalenga osati zabodza, komanso kuti ankadziwa ndithu atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena chithunzi.
• Kuyatsa kulikonse m'malo OLED-nyali.
• Kupezeka mandala mapanelo dzuwa.
• Kusintha chida oyang'anira kulumikiza mu thumba lanu.
• Amazipanga opepuka polojekiti ndi mkulu khalidwe mtundu ndi njira lonse kuonera adzakhala ndi yankho pokha kukula osachepera ndi miyeso.
• Ntchito njira zamakono makampani chitetezo ambiri chodabwitsa.
• Koma zovala wowala kale anaonekera zopereka mlengi.

Koma lekani kumeneko - ndi Mwambi wa akatswiri ndi madokotala. sayansi yamakono kalekale pa mfundo bifurcation pamene anapeza aliyense angathe kulisintha chitukuko cha chitukuko m'njira sizimadziwika kwathunthu. Zitsanzo za atulukira ngati kusefukira; ichi chitoliro chidzalo zingalowe ndi Krasnikova ndipo ngakhale kutsegula kwa mankhwala organic danga kwambiri. Lero vanguard kwa zipangizo zamakono - OLEDs, ndipo mawa - amene amadziwa?