Kirov (Putilov) Bzalani: history, mankhwala

Pachokera flagship tsogolo la zoweta zida makampani zitsulo Kronstadt chitsulo foundry kunditumiza ku St. Petersburg pachiyambi XΙX m'ma pa behest wa Mfumu Paulo v.

Kirov (Putilov) fakitale. Mbiri ya mapangidwe

The mankhwala woyamba kupangidwa mu 1801, ntchito za bizinesi adayamba kuponyedwa chitsulo pakati zosowa za asilikali zida zankhondo ndi asilikali. Mtengo waukulu wotsogolera wa mafakitale boma akumeneko Scot Charlza Gaskoyna anali oyamba ndi chitukuko cha umisiri watsopano kuponyera. kupanga mankhwala mapulani luso zachitsulo chosungunula anali zosungidwazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khumi zoyambirira za ntchito imene inayamba ulimi wa asilikali 'mfuti, miyeso ndi mamba, nyali, mabatani.

Mu 1812, pamene dipatimenti zomera zomangamanga analengedwa, ndipo pomanga zokambirana mwala anayamba zotsimikizira injini nthunzi, makina, zipangizo makina zofuna zawo ndi osauka makampani a Russian Ufumu. zimaononga chomera chifukwa cha madzi osefukira mu 1824, kupha anthu 152, kuwonongedwa, anasefukira ndi kubwera mu zida ziyambe kukonzedwa ndi zomera.

Injiniya ndi wazamalonda

Pa zaka makumi foundry ku St. Petersburg zasintha eni angapo, ndipo ngakhale kuti lalikulu boma 1844 ntchito yobweretsa njanji sanali kupulumutsa kampani kwa bankirapuse.

Mu 1868 chomera inagulidwa ndi Nikolai Ivanovich Putilov, amene anatha yatsani izo pa zaka 12 mu patsogolo kwambiri lipindulitsa ogwira osiyanasiyana. Chaka chotsatira, mbewu Putilov opangidwa tonnes oposa 80 pa njanji adagulung'undisa mu tsiku, quality, mankhwala apamwamba British ndi katswiri yopanga Bessemer zitsulo. Mu 1872, ndi mapangidwe a "Society Putilov Ntchito" ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa zitsulo anagubuduza msonkhano osiyanasiyana mankhwala ogwira ntchito yothandizana nyumba mlatho, ngolo ndi sitima.

Atamwalira Nicholas Ivanovich otsatira 1880 ikuchitika wake nthaŵi yaitali maloto - kugwirizanitsa Putilov fakitale Nyanja Channel ndi Kronstadt, kuonetsetsa Ndime ya ngalawa, osati kwa kutumiza katundu wa mbewu ndi mwa kundipatsako kwa zipangizo, komanso kukwaniritsa zofuna zonse za St. Petersburg. Ilo liri mu Putilov maziko a maphunziro a anthu ogwira fakitale, anayamba chitukuko cha zomangamanga chikhalidwe cha kumalo a ntchito.

Dzuwa likulowa Ufumu

Ndi chiyambi cha XX m'ma Putilov kufakitale mtsogoleri yamphamvu mwa zoweta zitsulo ndi makina zomanga mabizinezi ndi imodzi yaikulu mu Europe. State antchito kuposa 12,4 zikwi. Anthu. Pa m'matangadza analengedwa pa mbewu Zombo Zankhondo woyamba anaikidwa pansi: choyamba, owononga, ndiyeno - cruisers ndi owononga. Mwa mankhwala yapadera nthawi - zombo wowonongayo "Novik", mofulumira-yowotcha munda mfuti yoyamba odana ndege mfuti Lander dongosolo, akuyandama 100 matani Kireni onyamula wakewo mu tsiku lino.

A latsopano njira mlingo mu chimango cha polojekiti "Russian Krupp" anabweretsa Putilov fakitale Dzina la mwini wotchuka - AI Putilov, ali m'gulu zikuchokera bolodi mu 1910 ndipo wakhala padera mu kampani ya rubles oposa 30 miliyoni. (Pa mtengo wa katundu miliyoni 19 rbl.). kupanga zida zankhondo mwezi wakhala kuchuluka koposa fivefold. Zinthu zambiri opangidwa ndi fakitale wakhala okhawo, amene amayenda eni phindu lalikulu. Komabe, kayendedwe chosintha chinapululutsa dziko wapanga kusintha yake.

Nthawi Soviet

Putilov fakitale Petrograd madzulo wa 1917, anali mu mkhalidwe 35 chikwi. Antchito. Zinali kanthu Unyinji wa ndodo yake inali chiyambi cha February zisinthe. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka kampani anali nationalized ndipo kenako anadzatchedwa ndi "Red Putilovets" ndipo mu 1934 izo unatchedwa S. M. Kirova. Kuti makampani a Soviet Republic fakitale anapanga mankhwala wamng'ono zitsulo, pakubwezeretsa katundu, zipangizo magetsi, mathirakitala, galimoto mndandanda R-1. Mu 1939, mzere oyamba padziko lonse lapansi unayambitsidwa kwa kupanga akasinja lolemera.

Pa Great kukonda dziko lako nkhondo ya ntchito ya mbewu anali anasamutsidwa kuti Chelyabinsk. Anakhalabe anazinga Leningrad shopu pafupi pa mzere kutsogolo anapitiriza kupanga ndi regenerative kukonza akasinja ndi magalimoto oti muli nazo zida.

Kumapeto kwa nkhondo fakitale redeveloped pa ulimi siriyo zida zankhondo, zida za mphamvu ndi makampani nyukiliya mathirakitala "Kirovets".

zikuchitika

Mu 1992 izo analenga JSC "Kirov Bzalani". Aakulu zinthu umoyo ndi zachuma, zapangitsa mabwana kampani kamodzinso refocus kupanga imodzi kuyambitsa umisiri mpikisano. Mwa zinthu zazikulu za mbewu - magalimoto oti muli nazo zida ( "Onega", "Ladoga", "kulimbana"), kumanga msewu ndi zipangizo zina zapadera yomanga, mafuta ndi mpweya makampani. Thalakitala "Kirovets" mu ankafuna osati msika m'banja komanso mwachangu zimagulitsidwa ku mayiko 14.

Kirov angakuthandizeni turbines ndi zina zipangizo mphamvu anaika mu sitima zankhondo ambiri nyukiliya Zombo, panyanja ndi wamalonda zombo.

tsogolo

Malinga chimodzi cha akatswiri ofufuza, fakitare Kirov - mmodzi wa madalaivala a chitukuko cha zomangamanga zoweta. Mwa nthawi yomweyo zolinga njira ya mabwana ake ogwira makamaka kuonetsetsa achire pang'onopang'ono kuchokera okwana opaleshoni anagwa zida ndi kukulitsa luso zomangamanga zofunika, kuwongolera ntchito bungwe ndi maphunziro katswiri wa thumba ogwira, kusaka ndi chitukuko cha mizere ntchito yatsopano. Kuti ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana (monga gawo la anthu -. Oposa 30 bulanchi ndi ndodo ya ogwira ntchito za 6 zikwi) adzalola kukhala yomwe mavuto a zachuma. Yang'anani kulonjezedwa ya zomangamanga pa gombe la chidebe osachiritsika yaikulu ya mbewu, kupereka moorings chipani ziwiya bunkering ntchito.

Tikukhulupirira kuti moyenera ndi mwaluso mfundo za Board a Dayilekita adzabwerera ukulu wakale wa Kirov (Putilov) fakitale.