Wolemba Helena Blavatsky - anayambitsa Theosophical Society. Wambiri, zilandiridwenso

Wolemba Helena Blavatsky anabadwa July 31, 1831 mu mzinda wa Ekaterinoslav (tsopano Dnepropetrovsk). Iye anali ndi m'badwo mfulu. makolo ake ankadziwika kuti oimira ndi akuluakulu. Msuweni Helena - SERGEY Yulevich Vitte - iye anali nduna ya zachuma ya Russian Ufumu kuchokera 1892 mpaka 1903.

Banja ndi Childhood

Pa kubadwa kwa Helena Blavatsky anali ndi dzina German Gan, imene tinatengera kwa bambo ake. Chifukwa chakuti iye anali mu nkhondo, banja amayenera zonse muziyendayenda dziko (Saint-Petersburg, Saratov, Odessa, ndi zina zotero. D.). Mu 1848, iye anali pa chibwenzi ndi Nikifor Blavatsky - kazembe wa chigawo Erivan. Komabe, ukwati sizinakhalitse. Patapita miyezi ingapo kuchokera ukwati Helena Blavatsky anathawa mwamuna wake, ndiyeno anapita kuyendayenda padziko lonse. Chinthu choyamba pa ulendo wake anakhala Constantinople (Istanbul).

Helena Blavatsky za Russia ndi zaka ubwana kwawo anakumbukira ndi wachikondi. Banja anam'patsa ndi zonse muyenera kupereka maphunziro apamwamba.

Oyendayenda unyamata wake

Mu likulu Turkey, mtsikanayu ubwenzi Popeza kuti maseŵeralo wokwera. Pamene mwangozi iye anathyola nkono wake, Elena zokakhala ku London. ndalama iye anali: iye yekha movutikira ndipo analandira remittances anatumidwa ndi bambo ake Petrom Alekseevichem Ganom.

Popeza Helena Blavatsky osachisunga ndi tsikulo, tsoka lake kuunikira paulendo bwino ndithu. Ambiri a biographers ake kusagwirizana, pamene iye anapita, ndi amene maulendo anali mphekesera chabe.

Nthawi zambiri, akatswiri amatchula kuti kumapeto kwa 40s ndi mlembi anapita ku Iguputo. Chifukwa chokonda anayamba ndi alchemy ndi Freemasonry. Anthu ambiri a manyumba ogona anali mu malaibulale awo, mabuku, chofunika kuwerenga, zimene zinaphatikizapo buku la Aigupto "Buku la Akufa" "Code wa ku Nazareti", "Nzeru za Solomo", etc. Kuti anthu osema miyala, panali awiri yaikulu wauzimu - .. Egypt ndi India. Ndi ndi maiko awa kugwirizana ndi researches zambiri Blavatsky, kuphatikizapo "Isisi Kuvundukulidwira." Komabe, iye analemba buku atakalamba. Mu ubwana wake mtsikana aphunzire ndi nzeru yeniyeni mwachindunji ku malo amoyo a zikhalidwe zosiyana dziko.

Atafika ku Cairo, Elena anapita kwa Sahara chipululu kuphunzira wakale kuteteza Egypt. anthu awa analibe kanthu kochita ndi Aluya, amene analamulira kwa zaka zingapo pa magombe a Nile. Chidziwitso cha Aigupto akale anagawanika pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana - kuchokera masamu mankhwala. Iwo anali phunziro la mosamala Helena Blavatsky.

Pambuyo Egypt anali Europe. Apa iye zoyenera luso. Makamaka, anatenga maphunziro limba wotchuka Chibohemiya katswiri Ignatsa Moshelesa. Popeza, iye anabereka zoimbaimba anthu zilembo European.

Mu 1851, Helena Blavatsky pobyla mu London. Apo iye anali wokhoza kukumana koyamba ndi weniweni Indian. Iwo anali Mahatma Morya. Komabe, tsiku sanapeze umboni kuti kuli munthu uyu. Mwina kuphidikuka Blavatsky, amachita zosiyanasiyana esoteric ndi theosophical miyambo.

Lang'anani, ndi Mahatma Morya anali kudzoza kwa Helen. Mu zaka 50 anali mu Tibet, kumene anakaphunzira zamatsenga m'deralo. Malinga ndi ziwerengero osiyana ofufuza, Helena Petrovna Blavatsky anali kumeneko zaka pafupifupi zisanu, nthawi zina paulendo kuti mbali zina za dziko, kuphatikizapo United States.

Mapangidwe ziphunzitso Theosophical

Zinali zaka izi anapanga chiphunzitso chimene ankati ndi kulimbikitsa m'mabuku ake Helena Petrovna Blavatsky. Zinali achilendo mawonekedwe theosophy. Malinga ndi iye, moyo wa munthu amalumikizidwa ndi mulungu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mu dziko pali ena kudziwa kupitirira sayansi kuti alipo yekha kwa osankhika ndi ozindikira. Zinali mawonekedwe syncretism achipembedzo - mtanda pakati pa anthu ndi nthano a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ambiri mu kuphunzitsa. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, popeza Blavatsky anatenga chidziwitso cha maiko ambiri komwe iye anapita mu unyamata wake.

Chikoka lalikulu pa Helen anali nzeru Indian, omwe kusanduka kwayekha kwa zaka. Blavatsky, Theosophy m'gulu Chibuda ndipo Brahmanism, otchuka pakati anthu a India. M'chiphunzitso chake Helen kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "Karma" ndi "mulo". Theosophy chiphunzitso kufooketsedwa ndi anthu oterewa wotchuka ngati Mahatma Gandhi, Nikolay Rerih ndi Wassily Kandinsky.

Tibet

Mu 50s Russia nthawi (titero akufika) anapita Helena Blavatsky. Wambiri mkazi kudabwa anthu wamba. Anatha yodzaza seances, amene anakhala wotchuka mu St. Petersburg. Mu 60s oyambirira iye anapita Caucasus, ndi Middle East ndi Greece. Ndiye iye anayesera nthawi yoyamba kulinganiza anthu otsatira ndi anzake. Mu Cairo, iye n'kuyamba kugwira ntchitoyo. Choncho panali "zamizimu Society". Komabe, sizinakhalitse, koma chinanso wopindulitsa.

Pambuyo ulendo wina yaitali Tibet - ndiye Blavatsky anapita Laos ndi Karakoram mapiri. Anakhoza kukaona cloister, pamene palibe wina anali atapita patsogolo azungu iliyonse. Koma anthu amenewa anali mlendo Helena Blavatsky.

Books mkazi zili maumboni ambiri Chitibeta chikhalidwe ndi moyo mu akachisi Chibuda. Kumeneko zipangizo wapatali zimapezeka, zomwe zinalembedwa mu Nsanja ya "Liwu la chete."

Ankadziwa Genri Olkottom

Mu zaka 70 Helena Blavatsky, amene nzeru unakhala wotchuka, anayamba ntchito mlaliki ndi mphunzitsi wa zauzimu. Kenako anasamukira ku United States, pamene iye analandira nzika zake ndi chilengedwe kunachitika. Ndiyeno ilo limakhala angakuthandizeni yaikulu ya Genri Stil Olcott.

Iwo anali wazamalamulo, analandira udindo wa wamkulu pa American Civil nkhondo. Anaikidwa loona za Utumiki nkhondo kufufuza chivundi mu makampani kuti kupereka zipolopolo. Nkhondo itatha, iye anakhala bwino loya kapena membala wa New York Collegium, ali ndi ulamuliro. specialization lili msonkho, zolipira ndi inshuwalansi katundu.

Chiyambi Olcott mizimu chinachitika kumbuyo mu 1844. Patapita nthawi yaitali, anakumana Helena Blavatsky, amene adatuluka kupita dziko ndi kuphunzitsa. Iye anamuthandiza kuyamba kulemba ntchito pamene iye analandira kwa zolembedwa "Isisi Kuvundukulidwira."

anthu Theosophical

November 17, 1875 Helena Blavatsky ndi Genri Olkott anayambitsa Theosophical Society. cholinga chake chachikulu chinali chokhumba kugwirizanitsa ngati okonda padziko lonse mutundu, kugonana, Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira ndi chikhulupiriro. Ntchitoyi pa kuwerenga ndi kufanizitsa wa sayansi zosiyanasiyana, zipembedzo ndi masukulu nthanthi iwo unapangidwa bungwe. Zonsezi zinachitika kuti adziwe zosadziwika anthu malamulo a chilengedwe ndi chilengedwe. zolinga onsewa enshrined mu hayala wa Theosophical Society.

Kuwonjezera oyambitsa, zinatitengera anthu ambiri otchuka. Mwachitsanzo, zinali Thomas Edison - .. wazamalonda ndi zatsopano, Uilyam Kruks (Pulezidenti wa Royal Society, sayansi), French zakuthambo Camille Flammarion, nyenyezi ndi occultist Maks Gendel, etc. The Theosophical Society wakhala nsanja kutsutsana ozindikira ndipo mkangano.

Yambani kulemba ntchito

Kufalitsa ziphunzitso za gulu la Blavatsky ndi Olcott mu 1879 anapita ku India. Pa nthawi imeneyi mabuku ntchito Elena azipeza. Choyamba, mkazi zonse limafalitsa mabuku atsopano. Kachiwiri, wakhazikitsa wokha ngati wolemba kwambiri ndi chidwi. luntha lake anazindikira mu Russia, kumene Blavatsky linasindikizidwa mu "Moscow boma yotchedwa Gazette" ndi "Russian Journal". Pa nthawi yomweyo, iye anali mkonzi wa magazini wake "Theosophist". Mu Mwachitsanzo, poyamba anaonekera mu English translation mutu wa chinenero cha buku Dostoevsky a "Abale Karamazov." Zinali fanizo la Grand Inquisitor - Nthaŵi chapakati cha buku lomaliza lalikulu Russian wolemba.

Travel Blavatsky anapanga maziko a Maulendo ake ndi zolemba kuyenda, lofalitsidwa mu mabuku osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala "mafuko lokopa Blue Mountain" ndi "m'nkhalango pa phanga ndi India." Mu 1880, Chibuda wobwezera latsopano chinthu zophunzirira, zomwenso kunachitidwa Helena Blavatsky. Reviews ntchito yake asindikizidwe m'nyuzipepala zosiyanasiyana ndi anthologies. Pofuna kuphunzira za Chibuda ngati kuli kotheka, Blavatsky ndi Olcott anapita ku Ceylon.

"Isisi Kuvundukulidwira"

"Isisi Kuvundukulidwira" anali woyamba buku lalikulu, lofalitsidwa ndi Helena Blavatsky. Iye anatuluka mu mabuku awiri mu 1877 ndipo munali mosungiramo yaikulu kudziwa ndi kulingalira nzeru esoteric.

wolemba anayesa kuyerekeza asayansi ambiri akale, Ages Middle ndi Kubadwa Kwatsopano. lemba munali ambiri limasonyeza ntchito ya Pythagoras, Plato, Giordano Bruno, Paracelsus ndi T D..

Komanso, "Isisi ankaona" ziphunzitso: Chihindu, Chibuda, Chikristu, Chizorowasita. Poyamba pathupi yofotokoza za buku la sukulu ya kummawa kwa nzeru. Ntchitoyi inayamba madzulo a m'munsi mwa Theosophical Society. Gulu la nyumba imeneyi anachedwa kumasulidwa mankhwala. Kamodzi kokha ku New York, analengeza kukhazikitsidwa kwa gululi, anayamba ntchito kwambiri kulemba mabuku. Blavatsky mwachangu anathandiza Genri Olkott, amene analipo pa nthawi imeneyo anakhala angakuthandizeni waukulu ndi wothandiza.

Pamene iye recollected yekha wazamalamulo wakale, konse pamaso Blavatsky sizinayende mwakhama amenewa ndi kupirira. Ndipotu, Yehova limafotokozedwa mwachidule mu ntchito yake zinachitikira onse Mipikisano faceted agonjetse zaka zambiri akuyendetsa kuti ngodya osiyanasiyana.

Buku poyamba ikutchedwa ndi "chinsinsi zipata kwachinsinsi", monga wolemba ananena mu kalata Aleksandru Aksakovu. Kenako anaganiza mutu buku loyamba monga "chotchinga cha Isisi." Komabe, wofalitsa British, amene ankagwira ntchito pa kope choyamba, ndinazindikira kuti ndi dzina la buku ili tsopano (ankakonda theosophical akuti). Choncho, Baibulo yomaliza ya "Isisi ZIVUNDUKULIDWA" Analeredwa. Izi zinasonyeza za unyamata chidwi Blavatsky ndi chikhalidwe cha Iguputo.

Buku anali kwambiri maganizo ndi zolinga. Kwa zaka zambiri, akatswiri a Blavatsky mosiyana anakonza iwo. Mwachitsanzo, buku loyamba ku United Kingdom munali oyamba ndi wofalitsa lapansi. , Iye akuuza owerenga kuti bukuli lili ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha magwero a theosophy ndi matsenga, omwe analipo yekha mabuku patsogolo. Ichi chimatanthauza kuti wowerenga angathe kupeza kukhala pafupi ndi mafunso kuli kudziwa chinsinsi ntchito ngati gwero la zipembedzo zonse ndi miyambo ya anthu a dziko.

Dzina lake Aleksandr Senkevich (mmodzi wa ofufuza wotchuka kwambiri Blavatsky zolemba) yake anakonza yaikulu ya "Isisi Kuvundukulidwira." Ntchito zake pa nkhani yonena za wolemba, anafotokoza kuti bukuli chitsanzo cha Kutsutsa bungwe la mpingo, mndandanda wa ziphunzitso za zochitika zamatsenga ndi za chilengedwe. "Isisi" ikufotokoza zinsinsi za Kabbalistic ziphunzitso, malingaliro esoteric Chibuda, komanso kusinkhasinkha awo mu Chikhristu ndi zipembedzo zina dziko. Sienkiewicz ananenanso kuti Blavatsky anatha mutsimikize kuti zinthu wauzimu.

chidwi linaperekedwa kwa Poro. Iwo osema miyala ndi Ajezwiti. kudziwa kwawo kukhala bwalo ya chonde, amene anagwiritsa ntchito Helena Blavatsky. Quotes ku "Isisi" kenako n'kukhala massively kuonekera mu zolemba zamatsenga ndi theosophical otsatira ake.

Ngati yoyamba lolunjika pa phunziro la sayansi, wachiwiri M'malo mwake, tikambirana mafunso zamulungu. M'mawu oyamba, wolemba anafotokoza kuti mkangano wa sukulu ziwiri ndi chinsinsi chidziwitso cha dongosolo la dziko.

Blavatsky anatsutsa nkhani yolembedwa wa sayansi kuti munthuyo si mwauzimu. Wolemba anayesa kupeza iye mothandizidwa ndi ziphunzitso zipembedzo ndi wauzimu. Akatswiri a Blavatsky ananena kuti m'buku lake, amatipatsa owerenga ndi umboni wosatsutsika wakuti kuli matsenga.

Lachiwiri ndi zamulungu kusanthula zosiyanasiyana zipembedzo (monga Mpingo wa Chikhristu) ndi amazitsutsa iwo chifukwa cha khalidwe lawo mwachinyengo ndi chiphunzitso chawo. M'mawu ena, HP Blavatsky ananena kuti otsatira adampereka chiyambi chake (Baibulo, Koran, ndi zina zotero. D.).

wolemba kuwunikira wotchuka ziphunzitso lachinsinsi zimene zinali zosemphana Zipembedzo. Kufufuza sukulu izi wamaganizo, iye anayesa kupeza muzu wamba. Ambiri mfundozo ake anali sayansi zolakwika ndi odana ndi chipembedzo. Pakuti ichi "Isisi" izo kudzudzulidwa ndi zosiyanasiyana owerenga. Koma izi sanasiye ake kugula kutchuka ndi gawo lina la omvera. Bwino "Isisi Kuvundukulidwira" walola ake kukuza Blavatsky ndi Theosophical Society, amene ali mamembala mu mphambano iliyonse ya dziko, ku America kwa India.

"Mau a Chete"

Mu 1889, anafalitsa buku la "Mau a Chete", yokonzedwa ndi lomwelo Helena Blavatsky. Wambiri ya mkazi uyu ali kuti anali kuyesa bwino kugwirizanitsa pansi chivundikiro ambiri kufufuza theosophical. Waukulu chinkatilimbikitsa kuti "Mau a Chete" anakhala wolemba anakhala ku Tibet, pamene iye anadziwa ndi ziphunzitso za Abuda ndi moyo wakutali wa amonke m'deralo.

Panthawi imeneyi, Blavatsky sanali kufanana kapena kuunikira masukulu angapo a lingaliro. Iye anakhala kufotokoza textured ziphunzitso Abuda. Lili ndi kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane za mawu monga "ndizina Krishna" kapena "Apamwamba Self." Ambiri a buku wakhala bwinobwino kalembedwe Chibuda. Komabe, sanali kufotokoza chikale wa chipembedzo ichi. Zinali panopa kabwerebwere Blavatsky lachinsinsi chigawo.

ntchito umenewu wakhala makamaka wotchuka ndi Abuda. Iye anapirira Mabaibulo ambiri mu India ndi Tibet, pamene ofufuza ambiri anayamba chofunika kuwerenga. Lake kwambiri kutamandidwa wotchedwa Dalai Lama. Wotsirizayo (by njira, tsopano) yekha analemba oyamba kuti "Mau a Chete" mu chikumbutso zana m'magazini choyamba. Ichi ndi maziko kwambiri kwa anthu amene akufuna kudziwa ndi kuzindikira Chibuda, kuphatikizapo sukulu Zen.

Bukhu anapereka wolemba Lvu Tolstomu, pa zaka wake wotsiriza intensively anaphunzira zosiyanasiyana zipembedzo. Mphoto Mwachitsanzo ndipo tsopano anali mu Yasnaya Polyana. wolemba anasaina chivundikiro, akuitana Tolstoy "mmodzi mwa anthu ochepa amene akhoza kumva ndi kudziwa zomwe zalembedwa mmenemo."

Werengerani analankhula mwansangala za mphatso za m'mabuku awo, kumene iye analemba ochokera anzeru mukopedwe mabuku wake ( "Anthu Wamba", "Maganizo a anthu anzeru", "kuwerenga bwalo"). Komanso wolemba mu kalata wake ananena kuti "Mau a Chete" muli zambiri kuwala, komanso wokhudza pankhani imene anthu ambiri sadziwa. , Imatchedwanso kuti Tolstoy ankawerenga magazini "Theosophist" Blavatsky, amene kwambiri kukhala nawo, monga momwe tafotokozera mu zolemba zake.

"Chinsinsi Chiphunzitso"

"Chinsinsi Chiphunzitso" imatengedwa ntchito lotsiriza la Blavatsky, imene mwachidule nzeru zake zonse ndi kulingalira. Pa moyo wa wolemba woyamba mabuku awiri anasindikizidwa. Buku lachitatu linasindikizidwa pambuyo anamwalira mu 1897.

Woyamba ndicho kupenda fanizirani maganizo osiyana pa chiyambi cha chilengedwe. The chachiwiri kufufuza bwinobwino za chiphunzitso anthu. Iwo unatulukira nkhani mitundu, ndi kufufuza njira ya chitukuko cha anthu mitundu.

Buku lomaliza linali gulu biographies ndi ziphunzitso za ena occultists. Great chikoka pa "Chinsinsi Chiphunzitso" anali mawu - mavesi Bukhu la Dzyan, amene amaitchulatchula mu masamba a ntchito. Buku lina anali m'mbuyomo inivoyisi buku, "The Yothandiza Theosophy."

buku latsopano mbali wolemekezeka wa chinenero. Wolemba ntchito yaikulu ya m'nkhaniyi ndi zithunzi kwaiye zosiyanasiyana zipembedzo ndi masukulu a maganizo.

"Chinsinsi Chiphunzitso" anali kupitiriza "Isisi Kuvundukulidwira." Ndipotu zinali zakuya tione nkhani zimene zili m'buku loyamba la wolemba. Ndipo ntchito pa magazini atsopano a Madame Blavatsky Theosophical Society anamuthandiza.

Ntchito kulemba ntchito yaikulu imeneyi anali mayeso ovuta kwambiri, zomwe wopyoza Helena Blavatsky. Books lofalitsidwa kale, sanachitire mphamvu kwambiri, monga iyi. mboni ambiri patapita Maulendo Ake, iye amaona kuti olemba zimawavuta kuti atikhaulitse zonse pamene tsamba limodzi mwina zizigwirizana nthawi makumi awiri.

A thandizo yaikulu mu buku la ntchito chaperekedwa Archibaldom Keytli. Iye anali membala wa Theosophical Society mu 1884, ndipo pa nthawi ya kulemba izi, anali mlembi wamkulu wa dipatimenti wake mu UK. Munthu uyu wakhala lolembedwa ndi mulu wake mapepala a msinkhu meters. Kwenikweni kusintha anakhudzidwa zopumira ndi mfundo zina zimene zili zofunika kwa Mabaibulo m'tsogolo. Baibulo chikutha unaperekedwa kwa wolemba mu 1890.

Amadziwika kuti "Chinsinsi Chiphunzitso" nsangala muwerengenso lalikulu Russian Wolemba dzina lake Aleksandr Skryabin. nthawi lina anabwera pafupi malingaliro theosophical wa Blavatsky. munthu nthawizonse buku la pa tebulo ndi moonekera chidwi chidziwitso cha wolemba.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Activities Blavatsky ku India bwino. Panali anatsegula nthambi ya Theosophical Society, umene unali wotchuka pakati am'deralo. Mu zaka zapitazi, Elena ankakhala ku Ulaya ndipo anasiya kuyenda chifukwa cha matenda. M'malo mwake, iye anayamba mwakhama kulemba. Zinali ndiye kuti wasiya ambiri a mabuku ake. Blavatsky anafa May 8, 1891 ku London, pambuyo kudwala fuluwenza kwambiri.