Mbiri ya Islands Kuril. Kuril Islands m'mbiri ubale Chirasha Japanese

mikangano Kupititsa nazo pa dziko ano. Only dera Asia-Pacific angapo awa. The aakulu kwambiri a iwo - ndi dera lawo mtsutso pa Islands Kuril. Russia ndi Japan ndi gulu lalikulu. Muzochitika mu pachimake, zimene ankaona mtundu wa chopunthwitsa pakati limati awiri ali mawonekedwe matalala kuphulika. Palibe amene akudziwa pamene iye adzayamba "kuphulika".

Kutsegula Islands Kuril

chilumbachi ili m'malire a mayiko a nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi Pacific Ocean, ndi Islands Kuril. Iwo umachokera ku zokhudza. Hokkaido kuti ndi Kamchatka Peninsula. Dera la Islands Kuril tichipeza 30 timapepala lalikulu la dziko, kumbali zonse ndi madzi a nyanja, ndi nyanja, ndi ambiri aang'ono.

Maulendowa woyamba ku Europe, amene anali pa gombe la Islands Kuril ndi Sakhalin - ndi amalinyero Dutch motsogozedwa MG Vries. Chochitika ichi chinachitika mu 1634. Iwo samangokhala mwafufuza ya mayiko amenewa, koma ananena nawo gawo Dutch.

Ofufuza Russian Ufumu nayenso anaphunzira Sakhalin ndi Islands Kuril:

• 1646 - kutsegula kwa gombe la kumpoto-kumadzulo kwa Sakhalin ulendo wa VD Poyarkova;
• 1697 - V. V. Atlasovu akadziwa kuti kuli zilumba.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, pa zilumba kum'mwera kwa chilumbachi ayamba ulendo amalinyero Japanese. Pofika m'zaka 18 mochedwa, iwo anati maonekedwe a mafakitale awo ndi maulendo Usodzi, ndipo kenaka - Maulendo sayansi. A udindo wapadera mu phunziro ali M. ndi M. Tokunai Rindzo. Pa nthawi yomweyo mu Kuril Islands ulendo amachokera France ndi England.

Kupezeka kwa vuto zilumba

Mbiri ya Islands Kuril nachobe kutsutsana pa funso la kutsegula awo. The Japanese amanena kuti koyamba m'dziko 1644. National Museum of History Japanese amayamikira khadi pa nthawi imene ndi mayina lolingana chagwiritsidwa. Malinga ndi iwo, anthu Russian anali apo pang'ono kenako mu 1711. Komanso, mapu Russian a m'derali, analembedwa 1721 chaka, amanena kuti "Islands Japanese". Kuti ndi anatulukira mayiko amenewa anali Japan.

Kuril Islands m'mbiri Russian anali woyamba kutchulidwa mlandu chikalata N. I. Kolobova Tsar Alexei kuchokera 1646 za maonekedwe a akungoyendayenda IY Moskvitina. Komanso, deta makadi ndi m'masiku a akale Holland, Scandinavia ndi Germany amati midzi zamakolo Russian.

Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 18 anali mwalamulo kujowina iwo ku dziko Russian, ndi anthu Islands Kuril amamuonera Russian nzika. Pa nthawi yomweyo anayamba mlandu msonkho boma. Koma ndiye kapena pambuyo pake kulemba aliyense amgwirizano Chirasha Japanese pangano kapena mgwirizano wa mayiko limenelo amazindikira bwino Russia ku zilumba zimenezi. Kuwonjezera gawo lawo kum'mwera zinali pansi pa ulamuliro ndi ulamuliro wa Russian.

Kuril Islands ndi ubale Russia ndi Japan

mbiri ya Kuril Islands chiyambi cha 1840 amakhala ndi kuchuluka ntchito ya British, American ndi French Maulendo kumpoto chakumadzulo Pacific. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha mkangano latsopano chidwi Russia mu kukhazikitsa kugona ndi Japan, ndi zamtendere ndi malonda mu chirengedwe. Wotsatila asilikali EV Putyatin mu 1843 anakhala Mlengi wa lingaliro la kutiyesa ndi ulendo watsopano ku gawo Japanese ndi Chinese. Koma anakanidwa ndi Nicholas I.

Kenako mu 1844, iye anali kulimbikitsa NGATI Kruzenshtern. Koma sanalandire thandizo la mfumu. Panthawi imeneyi kampani Russian-American ndi kuchita zinthu yogwira kukhazikitsa ubwenzi wabwino ndi dziko loyandikana nalo.

Mgwirizanowu woyamba pakati Japan ndi Russia

Vuto la Kuril Islands anaganiza mu 1855, pamene Japan ndi Russia anasaina mgwirizano choyamba. Zisanachitike izi anatenga ndithu yaitali kukambirana ndondomeko. Iwo anayamba ndi kufika Putiatina mu Shimoda kumapeto yophukira 1854. Koma posakhalitsa zokambirana zinadulidwa chivomezi kwambiri. Mokwanira Vuto lalikulu linali Crimea nkhondo ndiponso thandizo kuperekedwa ku France ndi Britain olamulira a ku Turkey.

The chakudya chachikulu cha pangano:

• kukhazikitsidwa kwa zilumikizano za mgwirizano wa mayiko pa maiko awiri;
• kupewa ndi kuteteza komanso kuonetsetsa chitetezo katundu wa nzika za boma limodzi pa dera la ena;
• Pogwira malire pakati pa mayiko, wapafupi zilumba za Urup ndi Iturup Kuril Islands (Sakhalin chosagawanika kuteteza dera);
• kutsegula ena madoko kwa oyendetsa Russian, chigamulocho wa malonda apa kuyang'aniridwa ndi Akuluakulu a;
• Russian Kazembe tinapangana mu limodzi mwa madoko anthu;
• kupereka lamanja la extraterritoriality;
• kulandira waukulu udindo Chirasha wokongola.

Japan nayenso analandira chilolezo kuchokera malonda Russian ku doko la Korsakov, kuikidwa pa gawo la Sakhalin kwa zaka 10. Idamangidwa ndi kazembe wa dziko. Izi amakonda malonda ndi kasitomu iliyonse.

The chiŵerengero cha mayiko Pangano la

A siteji latsopano, womwenso mbiri ya Islands Kuril - ndi kusaina Chirasha Japanese pangano la 1875. Iye analandira ndemanga yosiyanasiyana kuwachotsa oimira m'mayiko amenewa. nzika Japanese ankakhulupirira kuti boma zinali zolakwika, popeza anasinthanitsa Sakhalin pa "lokwera ka miyala" (monga iwo wotchedwa Kurils). Ena chabe kuika patsogolo ntchito kwa nzeru wina wa m'dziko lina. Ambiri a iwo timakonda kuganiza kuti pakapita nthawi idzafika tsiku pamene nkhondo anabwera ku zilumba Kuril. Mkangano Russia ndi Japan, chidzakula mu nkhondo, ndi kuyamba nkhondo pakati pa maiko awiri.

Mofananamo, kuti aone zinthu ndi mbali Russian. Ambiri mwa oimira States anaona kuti gawo lonse lapansi ndi iwo monga mpainiya. Choncho, mgwilizano mu 1875 sanakhale mchitidwewo kuti, kamodzi kwa nthawi zonse demarcation kumatanthauza pakati pa maiko awiri. Iye sakanakhoza kukhala njira popewa mikangano zina pakati pawo.

Chirasha Japanese nkhondo

Mbiri ya Islands Kuril akupitiriza, ndi choyambitsa lotsatira kusokoneza Chirasha Japanese asapita anali nkhondo. Inachitika, ngakhale mapangano ananena pakati limati izi. Mu 1904 unachitikira kuukira wonyenga wa Japan pa dera la Russia. Izi zinachitika kale izo mwalamulo analengeza za chiyambi cha nkhondoyi.

Zombo Japanese anaukira zombo Russian kuti anali mu misewu kunja kwa Port-Artois. Choncho, anaikidwa kunja kwa kanthu la zombo zamphamvu, wokwatibwa ndi squadron Russian.

The zinthu zofunika kwambiri 1905:

• yaikulu m'dziko nkhondo ya Mukden mu mbiri pa nthawi imeneyo, unachitikira pa 5-24 February ndipo idatha mthunzi Russian asilikali;
• Nkhondo ya Tsushima kumapeto May, n'kufika chiwonongeko cha zombo Russian Baltic.

Ngakhale kuti njira ya zochitika nkhondo imeneyi, njira yabwino ndi mokomera Japan, iye anakakamizika kupita ku nkhani mtendere. Ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti chuma anali wotopa kwambiri zochitika asilikali. August 9 Portsmouth anayamba msonkhano mtendere pakati pa ophunzira pa nkhondo.

Chifukwa kugonjetsedwa kwa Russia pankhondo

Ngakhale kuti mapeto a pangano mtendere anatsimikiza kumlingo zili mu munali Kuril Islands mkangano Japan ndi Russia ndi saletsa. Unachititsa ambiri a zionetsero ku Tokyo, koma zotsatira za nkhondo zinali chogwirika kwambiri kwa dziko.

Mu njira za nkhondo anatenga chiwonongeko pafupifupi lathunthu la Russian Pacific zombo, oposa 100 zikwi a asilikali ake aphedwa. Komanso, panali kuletsa kukula kwa boma Russian mu East. Zotsatira za nkhondo zinali umboni yamphamvu anali ofooka kotero achifumu ndondomeko. Uwu unali umodzi wa zapansi waukulu kanthu chosintha mu 1905-1907.

chifukwa chachikulu kugonjetsedwa kwa Russia mu nkhondo ya 1904-1905.

1. Kukhalapo kwa zamtendere kudzipatula kwa Russian Ufumu.
2. asilikali mtheradi kusafuna dziko kuchita nkhondowo amachita mavuto.
3. Akudyerera tikumupachikaso okhudzidwa dziko ndi ambiri mediocre akazembe Russian.
4. The mkulu mlingo wa chitukuko ndi wokonzeka a mitundu asilikali ndi chuma Japan.

Nthawi yathu isanafike Kuril osathetsedwa nkhani ndi pangozi yaikulu. Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World ndipo alibe zinasaina pangano mtendere zotsatira zake. Kuyambira mkanganowu anthu Russian ngati anthu Islands Kuril, alibiretu phindu. Ndiponso, izi zilili kumathandiza kuti m'badwo udani pakati pa maiko awiri. Inali njira oyambirira a nkhani za mgwirizano wa mayiko, vuto la Islands Kuril, ndi chofunikira kwambiri kuti mukhale mnansi pakati Russia ndi Japan.