Ang'onoang'ono kugawikana mu Lazaro

Ang'onoang'ono kugawikana mu Russia, zimayambitsa amene zobisika za chuma ndi chitukuko ndale za anthu ang'onoang'ono analipo mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 15. Mapangidwe zigawo zikuluzikulu kuchuluka maziko a ulimi ang'onoang'ono mu Old boma Russian amatipeza anathandiza kusintha wotchuka mu maofesi osiyana kupanga. Komabe, kukhala bwino kwa chuma chawo zinali zochepa ndi County pafupi. Ufiti ndi malonda zofuna zinalili pa nthawiyo, akhoza kukwanira msanga akutulukira malo andale ndi azachuma - mizinda. Pa nthawi yomweyo chinawonjezeka chiwerengero cha mizinda ndi anawonjezera anthu likuvutika mphamvu lapansi. Mukhale midzi zimenezo zimene poyamba analibe zimakhudza kwambiri chuma.

Ang'onoang'ono kugawikana mu Russia unakhazikitsidwa pansi zikhalidwe za mikangano mosalephera chikhalidwe pakati pa mtendere ndi highs wa oyambirira anthu ang'onoang'ono. Popangidwa ndi eni kalasi ya dziko anafuna kukhazikitsa njira zosiyanasiyana za bongo (onse malamulo ndi chuma) alionse ulimi. Komabe zikuchitika antagonisms kalasi (spores) m'zaka 11-13, tinali chikhalidwe, makamaka kumeneko komanso kuthetsa kusamvana yokwanira kuti zikutsutsana ndi makonsolo, popanda nkhani ya magulu boma.

Ang'onoang'ono kugawikana mu Russia zinachitika mu Nzofunikira mu ndi zachuma boyars ufulu-patrimonial (nzika wamkulu) kwa boma. Mu nkhani iyi, boyars anali ndi kufunika kugawana ndi Grand Duke ndalama zawo. Komanso, iwo anagwirizana olamulira ena maukulu mu nkhondo ufulu wa zandale ndiponso zachuma.

Ang'onoang'ono kugawikana mu Russia amavutika zoona. Mu ndondomeko imeneyi, panali pofuna chikhalidwe ndi chuma cha boma wonse. Tiyenera kulankhula za kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo zambiri wangwiro cha ubale nascent pakati pa ambuye ang'onoang'ono.

Mosakayikira, azingokhala boma kale wamba ndipo anali ena kukumana ndi mavuto. Chief pakati akatswiriwa kuyitana chifooke dziko chitetezo m'dziko kwa adani kunja, makamaka mu zikhalidwe, Mwina wa zosayembekezereka ya adaniwo mokwanira amphamvu.

Ang'onoang'ono kugawikana mu Yairo kunja kuimira kugawa enieni a dziko pakati pa anthu a m'banja Kalonga lidzaonjezerapo kwambiri.

Tikumbukenso kuti zizindikiro za azingokhala anayamba kuoneka atamwalira mu 1054 Yaroslava Mudrogo. System kupeza maukulu anatuluka kulimbana kwa ana ake, amene anasangalala ndi thandizo la boyars m'deralo.

Kwa nyengo yaifupi pa ulamuliro Vladimira Monomaha, izo zinachitika mu Kiev okwera. Anakhalanso zonse Russian pakati. Nthawi imeneyi maganizo Odzipatula olamulira a pachilumbachi kuletsedwa, anagonjetsa kunja mdani - ndi Polovtsy.

Dziko kachiwiri zinasokonezeka ndi imfa ya Monomakh. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo amayamba ndi ang'onoang'ono kugawikana mu Lazaro. Zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira za nyengo ino ndi wa tanthauzo la m'mbiri m'dziko lonselo.

Pambuyo pa imfa ya mwana wa Monomakh, Mstislava Velikogo, malo mmodzi wa boma anatuluka khumi ndi malo osiyana. Pakati pawo, Polotsk, Chernigov, Chigaleshani Novgorod, Rostov-Suzdal, Smolensk ndi ena. Pa nthawi yomweyo mwa aliyense wa iwo anapitiriza ndondomeko ya kugawikana kwa kudzipatula andale ndi azachuma. Motero, aliyense wa mbali ya boma lalikulu limakhala Zikatero, ang'onoang'ono maukulu theka-paokha.