Rzhevskaya nkhondo pa Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Pamene timamva mau oti "nkhondo", tili ndi maganizo uka nkhondo pa mmunda uliwonse, kumene pa tsiku anaganiza zomwe a khama adzakhala wopambana. terminology Ichi ndi bwino ndiponso yomveka. Koma Rzhevskaya nkhondo zinali zosiyana. Gawo kwakukulu kuchuluka kwa nthawi ndi chinali mndandanda wa nkhondo m'zaka ziwiri zapitazi.

Rzhev- ntchito Vyazemskaya

Ochiritsira nthawi-chimango, amene adatenga kumenya nkhondo Rzhev (8 January 1942-31 March 1943). M'masiku amenewo panali nthawi zambiri bata kapena nkhondo Pamalo, pamene asilikali sadzipereka kuukira.

Kumayambiriro 1942, asilikali Soviet anatha kukana mphamvu Wehrmacht ku Moscow. Koma kauntala-mseru amene anakhala mmodzi wa zochitika yofunika kwambiri ya nkhondo, anapitiriza. Voterani inalamula kwambiri chifukwa nkotheka. Ili m'chigawo German asilikali gulu "Center".

mphamvu Soviet mu West ndi Kalinin Front anali kugawikana, anazungulira ndi kuononga mphamvu. Mu masiku oyamba a January kauntala-mseru kuyambira ndi chiwerengero 8, chirichonse chinali kupita malinga ndi dongosolo. Iye anakwanitsa kumasula Vereya, Kirov, Mozhaisk, Medyn, Sukhinichi ndi Lyudinovo. The prerequisites kuti kudula "Center" m'magulu angapo zokhazi.

pamalo

Komabe, chiwerengero 19 wakhala kunditumiza ku amadzibisa ena mkulu wa Iosifa Stalina a magulu pomenyana. Makamaka, 1st Shock Army Kuznetsova anatumizidwa ku Region Novgorod pansi Demyansk ndi 16 Army Rokossovsky adasamutsidwa kum'mwera. Izi kwambiri yafupika matopewo a asilikali Soviet. Mbali zotsala chabe analibe chuma kumaliza ntchito. kanthu anatayika.

Chakumapeto January watumidwa pafupi Rzhev 33rd Army molamulidwa ndi Efraimu. zidutswa izi anayesanso anagumula chitetezo cha mdani, koma mapeto kuti ali paulemerero. Mu April 33rd linanyeka ndi Mikhail Efremov kudzipha.

ntchito Soviet analephera. Malinga ndi zomwe boma imfa anakwana 776 000 anthu, amene 272 000 anali kumizidwa. Kuchokera 33rd Army kunabuka wa lazungulira ochepa, T. E. 889 asilikali.

Kumenyera Rzhev

M'chilimwe cha 1942. The mlingo waika ntchito kugwila mzinda m'chigawo Kalinin. Choyamba zinali Rzhev. Pakuti malonda anatenganso asilikali ziŵiri - Kalinin (General Konev) ndi West (General Zhukov).

July 30 anayamba lotsatira Soviet zolawula. Zinali zosiyana pang'onopang'ono. Aliyense anadutsa ndi kugwazidwa chidutswa cha dziko ofunika ambirimbiri. Kale m'masiku oyambirira a ntchito kuti Rzhev anali makilomita 6 okha. Koma panapita zaka pafupifupi mwezi kumenyana nawo.

mzinda anakwanitsa kokha pa mapeto a August. Zinaoneka kuti Rzhevskaya adani ake yayenda bwino. Pali ngakhale analola kuvomereza kuti kutsogolo oimira boma pulezidenti American, amene anali kuyang'ana kupambana Soviet. Rzhev anatengedwa pa 27 September. Komabe, Red Army kumeneko kwa masiku angapo. Palinso anali omangika reinforcements German, lomwe wotanganidwa mzinda 1 October.

Wina amanyansidwa Soviet idatha kanthu. Imfa ya nkhondo Rzhev mu nthawi imeneyi anakwana anthu pafupifupi 300 zikwi, mwachitsanzo. E. 60% ya anthu ogwira ya Red Army kutsogolo izi.

Opaleshoni "Mars"

Kale pa mapeto a nthawi yophukira-oyambirira yozizira izo anakonza pofuna wina kuti anagumula motetezera "Center". nthawi iyi, anaganiza kuti ndi chichitike m'madera amene izo silinakwaniritsidwe atengedwa. Awa anali malo pakati pa mitsinje Gzhat ndi Osugi, komanso pafupi ndi mudzi wa Young Tud. Panali osalimba zing'onozing'ono magulu German.

Pa nthawi yomweyo lamulo kusocheretsa adani achotse Wehrmacht ku Stalingrad, komwe masiku awa akubwera masiku yofunika nkhondo.

39 Army anakwanitsa kukakamiza achinyamata Tud ndi 1 Makina Corps anaukira mdani oti muli nazo zida mayunitsi pafupi ndi tauni ya White. Koma izo zinali bwino zosakhalitsa. Kale pa chiyambi cha December, ndi counterattack German anasiya asilikali Soviet anawononga 20 Army. The anaonazo ziwachitikira nyumba ziwiri: 2 alonda apakavalo ndi 6 thanki.

Kale pa December 8, ndi mmene zinthu izi Georgy Zhukov kunena kuti ntchito "Mars" (codename) ali adapitiriza mwakhama. Koma palibe poyesa kubooleza mzere mdani wa chitetezo sanali anamaliza bwino. Asilikali molamulidwa ndi General Khozina, Yushkevich ndi Zygina analephera. Ambiri anali kamodzinso atazunguliridwa. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana, chiwerengero cha asilikali Soviet amene anamwalira panthawi zimasiyanasiyana pakati pa 70 ndi 100 zikwi. Nkhondo ya Rzhev mu 1942 ndipo sanapereke chigonjetso yaitali.

Opaleshoni "Byuffel"

Ndewu yapita iye anapanga otchedwa Rzhevskij ziyerekezo amene anagonjetsedwa ndi asilikali a ku Germany. Ilo linali gawo citetezo kutsogolo - anazungulira iye chinali chophweka. Makamaka zikuchepa zinadziwika pambuyo asilikali Soviet anatenga mzinda wa Great Luka, mu January 1943.

Kurt Tseyttsler ndi ena lamulo la Wehrmacht anakhala zovuta kufunsa Hitler kuti avomereze kusiya a asilikali. Pomaliza, anavomera. Asilikali anali kuti awatenge kwa mizere m'dera la mzinda Dorogobuzh. Katundu amene azinyamula ntchito yofunika imeneyi anali msilikali-General Walter Model. Anakonza malamulo dzina lake "Büffel", limene kumasulira kwa German monga "njati".

kutenga Rzhev

Woyenera Anabweza mphamvu Germany amaloledwa kusiya ziyerekezo pafupifupi lossless. March 30 otsiriza msilikali wa Ulamuliro wa Nazi anasiya siteshoni, amene anali anaukira kwa chaka kuposa. Wehrmacht wasunga mzinda kanthu ndi mudzi: venison, Gzhatsk, White, Vyazma. Onse a iwo anagwidwa ndi asilikali Soviet mu March 1943 wopanda nkhondo.

The anaonazo ziwachitikira ndi Rzhev. Iye anatulutsidwa pa March 3. Choyamba analowa mumzindawo 30 Army, yomwe ikuchitika gawo limeneli kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo n'zochititsatu pafupifupi zikande pambuyo nkhondo wamagazi. Choncho anathetsa nkhondo Rzhev 1942 1943. bwino Strategic kwachititsa chakuti mu World nkhondo II kanthu kamodzinso anasamukira ku Soviet Union.

adaniwo

Asilikali Soviet anasiya Rzhev ndipo anayamba inapita isanayambike udindo otsala a ku Germany. Chifukwa, mu March anakwanitsa kulikankhira mzere kutsogolo kumadzulo makilomita wina 150. Kulumikizana asilikali Soviet anali anatambasula. Vanguard ubwenzi wathu ndi kumbuyo ndi ina. Kulimbikitsa sachedwa isanayambike m'firiji pamtunda ndi mavuto msewu.

Pamene Germany anakumba chigawo Dorogobuzh, zinadziwika kuti khamu la kachulukidwe ndi sangapambane, ndi Red Army ndinayima. Lotsatira lalikulu yojambula zidzachitika m'chilimwe, pamene anamaliza Nkhondo ya Kursk.

Tsoka la Rzhev. Zimaonekera chikhalidwe

Madzulo a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse ankakhala mumzinda anthu 56 sauzande. City miyezi 17 wotanganidwa pa nthawi imene unawonongedwa. anthu Local kapena anathawa dzana, kapena sanakhale ndi moyo akuluakulu German. Pamene gulu lankhondo Soviet anamasula mzinda March 3, 1943, apo anakhalabe wamba 150.

Pankhani ya akuti ndi zomvetsa onse a Red Army zoposa chaka cha nkhondo, ndi kulamulira Viktor Kulikov, zimakwana wauka anthu oposa 1 miliyoni.

Nkhondo ya Rzhev anachoka mu pafupifupi 300 mayadi wotsalayo, pamaso pa nkhondo kumene iwo 5500. Nkhondo itatha linadzamangidwanso pafupifupi kuchokera zikande.

nkhondo wamagazi ndi zomvetsa yaikulu zikugwirizananso ndi kukumbukira anthu ndipo zosiyanasiyana zosemasema. ndakatulo Aleksandra Tvardovskogo "Ndinapha pansi Rzhev" imatengedwa wotchuka kwambiri. zipilala ambiri ali Tver dera. Nkhondo ya Rzhev, owonetsera zakale-panorama chochitika - izo pyonsene amakopeka ambiri alendo. Mu mzinda womwewo kuwonjezera pali chikumbutso obelisk.