Western Siberia: anthu ndi chuma. Western Siberia: nthambi zikuluzikulu za chuma

Western Siberia, ndi anthu ndi chuma umene zotchulidwa, lalikulu Hrs m'deralo. Iwo lili m'dera la Europe ndi ku Asia.

mwachidule

Kuyambira Kum'mwera malire ndi Siberia oyandikana la Russia anati: China, Mongolia ndi Kazakhstan. Kuchokera kumpoto ndi pafupi ndi Ocean Arctic. Dera la kumadzulo kwa Siberia okha ku mapiri a Ural, kum'mawa - Kugaŵa manambala Pacific. magwero olembedwa anasonkhana ethnographic, pofukula, folklore zipangizo amakulolani kucheza dzina ndi dzina la dera la fuko kuti anakakhala pa dera la nkhalango-steppe Irtysh m'dera kumapeto kwa 1000 BC. e. Mpheroyi makolo Ugrian amene anagwirizana mogwirizana yaitali ndi magulu ena a Kazakhstan ndi Western Siberia.

Chiyambi cha dzina

The toponym "Siberia" ndi ankaimba dzina Hagan East Turkic Khaganate Shibir Khan Turk-mawu akuti Shad. Dzinali munakhala ndipo patapita ndi kuthetsa sipyrov moyo m'mphepete mwa mtsinjewo. Irtysh. Mu zoyambirira za m'ma 13 Mongol akazembe ankadziwa nkhalango anthu, dzina lake "Shibir." Pa hafu 2 wa zaka 13 ndi 14 Siberia kale ambiri napeza monga dzina la kudera makamaka motsatizana kumpoto kwa Golden katundu malire. Dzina anamugwiritsa ntchito m'masiku Russian. Choncho, m'zaka za m'ma 15 zopezeka mu mapepala a "dziko Siberia". Mu mbiri mwachilungamo limafotokoza molondola malo ake. Iwo amakhala monga mbali malire m'munsi mwa Tobol ndi Irtysh pafupifupi. Pali mwina ana sipyrov moyo. Iwo makamaka anaphatikizana ndi zinthu Turkic. Izi chimasiyanitsa iwo ndi magulu ena Ugric anthu pa ob m'munsi ndi Irtysh. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 15 pali statehood Tobolsk Chitata ndi Türkicized-Ugric anthu sipyrov. Chifukwa ndi Siberia Khanate. Pamodzi ndi Yesuyo mchirumika 16 ankadziwika Mangazeya, Yugra ndi Tyumen Khanate. Pambuyo Moscow Russia anapambana Astrakhanskoye ndi Kazan Khanate wayamba akusunthira kwa Siberia. Kukwezeleza anapita kukwera Ermak mu 1582, chaka.

nthawi zina

Mu nthawi tsarist, Siberia anakhala m'chigawo agrarian. Komanso anali malo ukapolo chilango ndi ukapolo. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka 19-20. Trans-Siberia Railway inamangidwa. yomanga ake analola kuti asamukire m'dziko la anthu oposa 3 miliyoni. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu anayamba kupanga ulimi mu Western ndi kum'mawa Siberia. Mu nthawi ya Soviet, ulimi anakana. Ameneyu kuchuluka kufunika kwa gawo monga gwero la hydropower ndi mchere.

Resources ndi zinthu zachilengedwe

Nyengo zikuchepa chokhala. Ambiri a gawo lawo kulamulidwa ndi West Siberia Plain. Kum'mwera muli mapiri a Altai, Salairsky lokwera, zitunda Shoria ndi Kuznetsky Alatau. Chifukwa chakuti dera umadutsa mabacteria zonse zachilengedwe a Titafika pamalo ndi steppe kale, kuno ukufanizidwa ndi zosiyanasiyana dothi, pansi kwa topsoil. Specialization chuma cha Western Siberia chimaoneka bwino ndithu. Iwo amayamba ndi quality, zikuchokera ndi buku la alipo pano mafuta ndi mphamvu ndi mchere chuma. Kumbali ya kupezeka kwa mchere zosiyanasiyana, zizindikiro kupanga dera kwawo malo ŵa mu dziko.

Energy

Ndi chifukwa iye pali yogwira chitukuko cha chuma cha Western Siberia. Pa gawo pali pafupifupi onse odziwika mitundu ya mafuta ndi mphamvu zogwirira ntchito. Pali zofiirira ndi zovuta malasha, gasi, mafuta, peat. gawo wolemera mphamvu ndi sagwirizana nazo. madipoziti Hydrocarbon zili mu mafuta ndi mpweya m'chigawo ku Western Siberia. Ndi mu Omsk, Novosibirsk, Tomsk ndi Tyumen zigawo ndi Yamal-Nenets ndi Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area. Mu gawo ili anaikira za 58% ya boma koyamba mafuta ndi oposa 60% ya mosungiramo mpweya. Mu Western Siberia yatulusa matani oposa biliyoni 7 woyamba ndi 8 thililiyoni mamita ³ gwero wachiwiri. Komabe, m'chigawo ndi osiyana chachikulu angathe mafuta ndi gasi mwankhanza. Pa gawo pali nkhokwe sanaidziŵe mafuta ndi gasi. ndalama zawo 45% ndipo 56% (ankalemekeza) wa koyamba okwana. Izi zikusonyeza kuti munthu wotsika Geological chidziwitso cha deralo.

NHC

The yogwira nthambi ya zachuma ya Western Siberia kupereka pafupifupi 14% ya okwana aakulu mankhwala zoweta mu dziko. Pakati pa zikuchitika m'madera zachuma, malowa ali pamwamba asanu. Chifukwa kupezeka mkulu chuma khalidwe dera bwino anapanga chuma mafakitale. Western Siberia limapanga 12% ya ulimi. Pa gawo pali oposa 14% ya chuma lokhazikika la dziko ndi 20% ya mankhwala opangidwa ndi nyumba zovuta la Russia.

makampani

Bukuli lili ndi chuma cha Western Siberia. The gawo la nchito za mafakitale chimachititsa 74% buku okwana choipitsitsa mankhwala dera. gawo ili yodziwika ndi specialization osiyana. Motero ambiri a mafuta aziwapatsa (malasha, mafuta ndi mpweya) mu zigawo otsala. Economy of Western Siberia Sindingachite popanda magetsi, petrochemical ndi mankhwala mafakitale luso lopanga. Onse yogwirizana pofuna nkhuni kupanga. Zovuta mankhwala ukufanizidwa ndi mabizinezi a Tobolsk, Tomsk ndi Omsk ndi Kemerovo dera. Machine zomanga mafakitale kupanga mankhwala gawo la mphamvu, chifukwa makampani khala ndi chida makina. Ngakhale wapadera matabwa ake, chuma cha Western Siberia ali ndi vuto kwambiri zaka 90. Industrial kupanga anatsika ndi pafupifupi theka. About 30% panopa mu zolowa magalimoto. 65% ya mlingo chisanadze kusintha ankachita ulimi mu Western Siberia.

magetsi

Malinga ndi mlingo wa mowa wa dera izo akuchita malo wachitatu mu dziko. M'dera chachikulu cha ntchito magetsi akutumikira mafakitale zovuta. Wonjezerani ogula pa ndalama za Urals ndi malo Siberia UPS. The pachifukwa cha mphamvu m'dera magetsi - CHP lalikulu ndi ntchentche. Akulimbikira pa kudutsa mpweya mu Tomsk ndi Tyumen m'madera komanso mpweya (mu Novosibirsk ndi Kemerovo dera -. Pa wamba, mu Omsk - pa dalneprivoznom). m'dera imatengedwa magetsi pafupifupi samosbalansirovannym.

malo a ntchito Current

West Siberia gawo yaitali amakhalabe maziko mapangidwe mafuta ndi mphamvu zovuta la Russia. Kuchokera pamenepa, ndizoonekeratu kuti madera patsogolo m'dera ayenera:

• Kupititsa patsogolo maphunziro ya malasha ndi mafuta ndi gasi kachitidwe.
• antchito moyo Social.
• Kuwonjezera bwino mphamvu m'chigawo. Choyamba, cholinga zimatheka likuvutika electrification, gasification, kukhazikitsa njira zamakono ndi luso kukonzanso zida pafupifupi onse muzochitika zachuma alipo.
• nkhani Environmental m'mafakitale waukulu mpweya, gasi, mafuta m'chigawochi.

Pomaliza

Western Siberia ndi chimodzi cha olemera zachilengedwe derali. Pali zosiyanasiyana m'matangadza. Kafukufuku m'gawo Komabe, amavutika makamaka ndi nyengo. The remoteness wa dera ku likulu la boma salola kuti athe kufufuza ndi kuthetsa mavuto onse akutali. Komabe, zolinga boma anaika pulogalamu kutukula Western Siberia. Achita adzakhala makamaka umalimbana kukopa anthu ogwira ntchito m'derali. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, zinayambitsa ntchito yapadera chikhalidwe, polenga zinthu zoyenera kwa anthu. Bwino ndi wamakono mwapang'onopang'ono zipangizo amakampani.