Wambiri ya Ernesto Suntuke Guevara, moyo, chidwi mfundo. Comandante Suntuke Guevara

Ernesto Guevara anabadwa pa June 14, 1927 ku umodzi wa mizinda ikuluikulu kwambiri ya Rosario ku Argentina. Wotchuka "Suntuke" manambala oyambirira ankagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mtsogolo. Mothandizidwa ndi mzimuwo, tikukhala mu Cuba, woukira boma anatsindika yekha Argentine chiyambi. "Suntuke" - mawu onena interjection ndi. Kunyumba Ernesto ndi chithandizo otchuka.

Childhood ndi zinthu

bambo Guevara anali munthu wamanga, amake - Mtsikana wina wa m'banja la Obzala mpesawo. Banja anasamuka kangapo. College lotsatira Comandante Suntuke Guevara anamaliza Cordoba, ndipo maphunziro apamwamba ku Buenos Aires. Mnyamata anasankha kukhala dokotala. Ndi zapaderazi, iye anali dokotala ndi dermatologist.

Kale oyambirira yonena za Ernesto Suntuke Guevara ikusonyeza mmene zapadera anali umunthu wake. Mnyamatayo anali ndi chidwi osati mankhwala, komanso zaumunthu ambiri. kuŵerenga inkakhala ntchito ndi olemba otchuka: Verne, Victor Hugo, Dumas, Cervantes, Dostoyevsky, Tolstoy. Chosintha maganizo zokomera zooneka ntchito za Marx, Chichewa, Bakunin, Lenin ndi theoreticians ena a kumanzere.

Mfundo pang'ono odziwika, amene ankasiyana yonena za Ernesto Suntuke Guevara - ankadziwa French. Komanso, ankakonda ndakatulo, anadziwa mwa ntchito mtima wa Verlaine, Baudelaire, Lorca. Mu Bolivia, kumene anakafa woukira boma, iye anatenga mu akuguba chikwama kope ndime mumaikonda.

kudutsa America

Woyamba palokha ulendo Guevara kupitirira Argentina amatanthauza 1950, pamene ntchito mwakanthawi m'sitima yonyamula katundu ndipo anapita British Guiana ndi Trinidad. Argentinian anakonda njinga ndi mopeds. Kenako ulendo amagwidwa Chile, Peru, Colombia ndi Venezuela. Kenako zigawenga yonena Suntuke Guevara kukhala amaika zonse wa mamishoni. Mu unyamata wake oyambirira, iye anayenda maiko oyandikana nawo kudziwana dziko ndi kupeza zidindo atsopano.

bwenzi Guevara ku umodzi wa maulendo ake anali Dr sayansi Alberto Granado. Pamodzi ndi iye dokotala Argentine anapita a khate la mayiko Latin American. Komanso, angapo anapita zotsalira za mizinda ingapo ya Indian (chosintha nthawi zonse chidwi m'mbiri ya anthu ameneŵa la Dziko Latsopano). Pamene Ernesto anapita ku Colombia, kumene Civil nkhondo inayambika. Mosintha, iye anapita Florida. Patapita zaka zingapo, Suntuke monga chizindikiro cha "katundu zingapo" adzakhala mmodzi wa otsutsa yaikulu ya White House utsogoleli.

mu Guatemala

Mu 1953, mtsogoleri tsogolo la ulimi Cuba, Ernesto Suntuke Guevara, pakati pa akuluakulu kuyenda ziwiri Latin America kumbuyo ndi nkhani yolembedwa zoyenera kuphunzira chifuwa. Kukhala dokotala, mnyamata zokakhala ku Venezuela ndi ntchito mu khate kumeneko. Komabe, pa njira Caracas imodzi mwa kuyenda bwino Guevara kuumirizidwa kuti apite ku Guatemala.

Apaulendo anali m'dziko la ku Central America madzulo a nkhondo asilikali Nicaragua ndi bungwe ndi CIA. Guatemala City mabomba ndi pulezidenti wa Socialist Jacobo Arbenz anakanizidwa ndi akuluakulu. Latsopano pulezidenti CASTILLO Armas anali katswiri-American ndipo anayamba chokana ndi mbali akukhala kumanzere-phiko maganizo dziko.

Mu Guatemala, ndi yonena za Ernesto Suntuke Guevara koyamba kugwirizana ndi nkhondo mwachindunji. The Argentinian anathandiza zokometsera ulamuliro wa atathamangitsidwa kunyamula zida nawo wozimitsa moto pa anawazunza mpweya. Pamene Socialists anagonja komaliza, dzina Guevara anaika pa mndandanda wa anthu amene anali kuyembekezera kupondereza. Ernesto anatha kutenga chitetezo akazembe a Argentina lakwawo, kumene iye anali kukuteteza zamtendere. Kuyambira apo izo ziri mu September 1954, anasamukira ku Mexico City.

Ankadziwa boma Cuba

Mu likulu Mexico, Guevara anayesa kupeza ntchito mtolankhani wina. Iye analemba nkhani mlandu wa zochitika Guatemalan, koma ndiye si zapita. Miyezi ingapo kum'patsa wojambula zithunzi Argentinian. Kenako iye mlonda mu nyumba yofalitsa. M'chaka cha 1955, Ernesto Suntuke Guevara, amene moyo ndi akuunika Nthawi chokondweretsa, okwatira. Mu Mexico City, kwa iye kuchokera ku dziko anafika mkwatibwi Hilda Gadea. ntchito wosamvetseka nkomwe anathandiza emigrant kupeza zosowa. Pomaliza, Ernesto anakakhala mpikisano mu chipatala mzinda kumene anayamba kugwira ntchito mu matupi awo sagwirizana dipatimenti.

Mu June 1955, Guevara kwa dokotala kusankhidwa anabwera anyamata awiri. Ilo linali boma Cuba amene anali kuyesera kuti napasula chilumba mbadwa wopondereza Batista. Mu zaka ziwiri wakale boma otsutsa anaukira Moncada m'nyumbayi, kenako anayesedwa ndi kumangidwa. Madzulo a Amnesty ndi anapatsidwa ndi boma anayamba amapita Mexico City. Pa nthawi yovuta wake pa Latin America Ernesto anakumana ndi anthu ambiri Cuba Socialists. Mmodzi wa mabwenzi ake akale anabwera kudzamuona, kukakhala nawo pa ulendo wotsatira kuti asilikali ku chilumba Caribbean.

Patapita masiku angapo a Argentinian koyamba ndi Raúl Castro. Ngakhale zili choncho, dotolo anafunitsitsa kuvomereza kwawo nawo kunkhondo lapansi. Mu July, 1955, ku Mexico anabwera ku United States chachikulu m'bale Raúl. Fidel Castro ndi Ernesto Suntuke Guevara anakhala atchulidwa cha ulimi chimene chikubwera. msonkhano woyamba unachitika ku imodzi mwa nyumba otetezedwa ku Cuba. Tsiku lotsatira, Guevara membala wa maulendowa monga dokotala. Pokumbukira nthawi imeneyo, Fidel Castro kenako anavomereza kuti Suntuke Cuba comrades anamvetsa bwino mafunso ongolankhula ndi maganizo a zisinthe.

guerilla nkhondo

Kukonzekera yopita ku Cuba, a "July 26 Movement" (mutu wa bungwe, kutsogozedwa ndi Fidel Castro) akukumana ndi mavuto ambiri. Monga msilikali wa boma la walowerera provocateur amene kuuzidwa akuluakulu za ntchito Muzisamala alendo. M'chaka cha 1956, apolisi Mexico anaukira kenako achiwembu, kuphatikizapo Fidel Castro ndi Ernesto Suntuke Guevara anamangidwanso. Pa Batista boma otsutsa anayamba kulowa odziwika kanjedza anthu ndi chikhalidwe. Motero, boma atamasulidwa. Guevara anakhala m'ndende kuposa comrades ena (masiku 57), pamene iye anali ndi udindo ndizi oletsedwa malire.

Pomaliza, gulu aboma kumanzere Mexico ndipo ngalawa anapita ku Cuba. Kunyamuka zinachitika November 25, 1956. Patsogolo anali miyezi yaitali zigawenga nkhondo. Kufika Castro mbali pa chisumbu ndimitambo apasuka. Detachment, wopangidwa mwa amuna 82 anaonekera mu nkhalango ya. ndege ake anaukira boma. Mu moto anapha theka la ulendo, ndi khumi ndi awiri anthu anatengedwa ukapolo. Pamapeto pake, boma anabisala mu Sierra Maestra. wamba Provincial anathandiza zigaŵenga zankhondo, anawapatsa malo ogona ndi chakudya. Wina madela kwina yotchedwa otetezeka akhala m'mapanga ndi olimbika mipita phiri.

Kumayambiriro a 1957, adani Batista a anapambana chigonjetso woyamba kupha asilikali asanu boma. Posachedwapa, anthu ena kumuwombera anabwera pansi ndi malungo. Ndinali pakati pawo, ndipo Ernesto Suntuke Guevara. Zigawenga nkhondo yokakamiza kuti azolowere kuopsa imfa. Tsiku lililonse, anthu anali kupita kuti vuto linanso amapha. Suntuke nkhondo matenda sioneka, otlezhivayas mu kwake osauka a. Comrades zambiri anamuona atakhala ndi kope kapena buku lina. Blog Guevara anadzakhala maziko kukumbukira wake zigawenga nkhondo, lofalitsidwa pambuyo chigonjetso cha zisinthe.

Pakutha 1957, zigawenga kudziletsa mapiri a Sierra Maestra. kumuwombera anali kuikidwa pamodzi ndi anthu odzipereka watsopano kuchokera m'madera amene sakusangalala ndi Batista boma. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Fidel anapanga Ernesto Major (Commander). Suntuke Guevara ankalamulidwa ndi ndime osiyana, imene inali anthu 75. Mobisa anasangalala thandizo kunja. Iwo atagonjetsa mu mapiri atolankhani American, akupezeka mu United States inanena za "July 26 Movement".

Comandante osati kutsogoleredwa nkhondoyo, koma anachititsanso kulimbikitsa. Ernesto Suntuke Guevara anali mkonzi wamkulu wa "Free Cuba". chiwerengero chake choyamba olembedwa ndi dzanja, ndiye opandukawo anakwanitsa kutenga hectograph.

Kugonjetsa Batista

M'chaka cha 1958 iye anayamba gawo latsopano la nkhondo zigawenga. mbali Castro anayamba kusiya mapiri ndi ku zigwa zawo. Chilimwe wakhazikitsidwa ubwenzi wolimba ndi Cuba chikomyunizimu ku mizinda komwe kuponya anayamba kutuluka. Detachment wa Suntuke Guevara kuyang'anira tiponye Las Villas Province. Patsogolo kutalika makilomita 600, mu October wa asilikali anafika Escambray mapiri ndi kutsegula kutsogolo latsopano. Pakuti Batista zinthu likuipiraipira - akuluakulu US akana kupereka ndi zida.

Mu Las Villas, zomwe potsiriza anakhazikitsa mphamvu ya opandukawo, linasindikizidwa lamulo kusintha agrarian - kuwonongedwa kwa minda ndi landlords. N'zoona kuti scrapping miyambo yakale wa umutu m'mudzi anakopeka mu mabungwe mabungwe a boma la alimi latsopano. The Mlengi wa kusintha otchuka anali Ernesto Suntuke Guevara. Zaka za moyo wake anakhala zolemba ongolankhula wa Socialists, ndipo tsopano amanoledwa oratory wake akulimbikitsa anthu wamba a Cuba mu njira yolunjika amene anapereka kwa anthu a "July 26 Movement".

Nkhondo yomaliza Malingana anali nkhondo ya Santa Clara. Iwo anayamba pa December 28, ndipo zinatha chigonjetso mwa opandukawo January 1, 1959. A maola angapo pambuyo agonje kwa mudzi wa Batista kumanzere Cuba ndi ankakhala moyo wake wonse mu ukapolo. Kumenyana kwa Santa Clara anatsogolera mwachindunji Suntuke Guevara. 2 January asilikali ake analowa Havana, komwe boma ankamuyembekezera anthu zazikulu.

moyo watsopano

Akadzagonjetsedwa manyuzipepala Batista padziko lonse anafunsidwa amene Suntuke Guevara kuposa mtsogoleri wotchuka kupanduka ndi tsogolo ndale? Mu February 1959, boma Fidel Castro analengeza dziko la Cuba. Ndiye Guevara anayamba ntchito anasaina awo otchuka manambala oyambirira "Suntuke", umene iye anapita mpaka mu mbiri.

Pamene boma latsopano dzulo kupanduka asanakhale mtsogoleri wa Bank National (1959 - 1961) ndi Mtumiki wa Makampani (1961 - 1965). M'chaka choyamba pambuyo chigonjetso cha zisinthe, iye monga nduna anali lonse ulendo dziko, imene anapita ku Igupto, Sudan, India, Pakistan, Ceylon, Indonesia, Burma, Japan, Morocco, Spain ndi Yugoslavia. Komanso mu June 1959, Mtsogoleri wa kukwatiwanso. Mkazi wake anali membala wa "July 26 Movement" Aleida March. Ana a Ernesto Suntuke Guevara (Aleida, Camilo, Celia, Ernesto) anabadwira mu ukwati ndi mkazi uyu (kupatula mwana wamkulu Hilda).

ntchito State

M'chaka cha 1961 anagonjetsedwa ndi Castro atsogoleri American anapezerapo ntchito mu Bay wa nkhumba. Pa Liberty Island, anakapezeka ndi ndegeyo mdani. Mpaka mapeto a opaleshoni Suntuke Guevara n'kutsogolera mu chimodzi cha zigawo za Cuba. Dongosolo American analephera, ndipo boma zokomera ku Havana lili.

Mu kugwa kwa Suntuke Guevara anapita East Germany, Czechoslovakia ndi USSR. Mu Soviet Union, nthumwi wake zinasaina pangano pa kotunga shuga Cuba. Moscow analonjeza Liberty Island chithandizo ndi luso. Ernesto Suntuke Guevara, mfundo zosangalatsa zomwe angathe kukhala bukhu lapadera nawo pa perete ndi anadzipereka kwa chikumbutso wa October kuukira boma. alendo Cuba anaima pa nsanja ya mausoleum pafupi Nikitoy Hruschevym ndi anthu ena a Politburo. Kenako, Guevara mobwerezabwereza anapita Soviet Union.

Monga mtumiki, Suntuke kwambiri kupendanso maganizo awo kuti maboma a mayiko zokomera. Sakusangalala ndi mfundo yakuti lalikulu chikominisi limati (makamaka Soviet Union ndi China) anakhazikitsa awo mawu molimba tsintho ndi zibwenzi kuwathandiza yaing'ono, kodi Cuba.

Mu 1965, pa ulendo Algiers, Guevara anapanga nkhani yotchuka imene iye anadzudzula Moscow ndi Beijing kwa muukapolo khalidwe lokonda mayiko abale. nkhani imeneyi yasonyeza kamodzinso amene Suntuke Guevara kuposa otchuka ndi amene anali ndi mbiri ya chosintha zimenezi. Iye sanali waive mfundo zawo, ngakhale iye anali kupita ku nkhondo ndi adani. Chinthu china wosakhutira Comandante anali kusafuna a msasa zokomera kuthandizapo mwachangu ulimi watsopano dera.

Ulendo ku Africa

M'chaka cha 1965, Suntuke Guevara anali ku Democratic Republic of the Congo. Dziko lino pakati pa Africa anali pa mavuto a ndale, ndi mu nkhalango yake partisans, amafuna kukhazikitsidwa kwa sosholisimu ku dzikolakwathu. Comandante anafika ku Congo pamodzi ndi enanso ambirimbiri Cuba. Iye anathandiza kukonza mobisa, zinakambirana nawo zinamuchitikira apindulira pa nkhondo Batista.

Ngakhale Suntuke Guevara anaika ulendo watsopano mphamvu zake zonse, mapazi ake iliyonse kudikirira kulephera latsopano. Opandukawo anavutika kulephera angapo, ndi ubwenzi Cuba ndi mtsogoleri wa comrades wa African Kabila chalakwika kuyambira pa chiyambi. Patapita miyezi ingapo mwazi Congo boma, kutsutsidwa ndi Socialists, mbacita wololera ndi kuthetsa kusamvana. Chinthu chinanso chomvetsa chisoni kuti opandukawo anali kukana kwa Tanzania kupereka iwo ndi zapansi kumbuyo. Mu November 1965, Suntuke Guevara anasiya Congo, ndi sizinawakhudze zolinga anapereka zisinthe.

Zam'tsogolo

Kukhala Africa ofunika Suntuke malungo lotsatira. Komanso kukula mphumu, kumene anakumana nazo kuyambira ali mwana. Theka loyamba la 1966 Comandante inkachitika mwachinsinsi mu Czechoslovakia, kumene woyesedwa limodzi la pogwiritsa la Czechoslovakia. Akupuma pa nkhondo, Latino anapitiliza kugwira ntchito pa mapulani a kusintha latsopano padziko lonse. Kudziwika wapeza mawu ake kuti kulenga "Vietnams ambiri" umene panthawi imeneyo unali pakati pa mkangano wa dongosolo lalikulu dziko awiri ndale.

M'chaka cha 1966 Commander anabwerera ku Cuba ulendo kukonzekera kampeni zigawenga mu Bolivia. Mwamwayi, pa nkhondo imeneyi anali womaliza kwa iye. Mu March 1967, Pulezidenti Bolivia Barrientos anali nthumanzi kuphunzira zimene zafotokozedwa mu zigaŵenga zankhondo dziko, anasiya mu nkhalango ya zokomera Cuba.

Kuti lichotse "oukira wofiira", wandale kuti andithandize ku Washington. Pa White House, anaganiza ntchito ndi gulu lapadera CIA mayunitsi Suntuke a. Posachedwapa pa midzi zigawo pafupi umene partisans anayamba kuoneka timapepala ta anabalalika kuchoka mpweya ndi uthenga wa mphoto yaikulu kwa kuphedwa chifukwa chosintha Cuba.

imfa

Total Suntuke Guevara ku Bolivia miyezi 11. yonseyi anapitiriza mbiri, amene pambuyo pa imfa yake zinatuluka mwa bukhu. Pang'onopang'ono, boma Bolivia anayamba asagwiritse opandukawo. mayunitsi, kenako Commander anakhalabe pafupifupi okwana kudzipatula anawonongedwa. October 8, 1967, ndi anzake angapo anali atazunguliridwa. zigawenga ziwiri anaphedwa. Ambiri unalasidwa, kuphatikizapo Ernesto Suntuke Guevara. Iye anafa woukira boma, zinadziwika mwa kukumbukira wa anthu angapo.

Guevara pamodzi ndi comrades wake pansi kuperekezedwa anatumizidwa ku mudzi wa La Higuera, pamene akaidi panali malo kakang'ono zidina nyumba ndi sukulu ina. Mobisa anagwira kumuwombera Bolivia, amene anamaliza madzulo a maphunziro unakonzedwa ndi alangizi asilikali kutumizidwa ndi CIA. Suntuke sanamuuze atafunsira alonda ankalankhula ndi asilikali ndi zina anafunsa kusuta.

M'mawa wa pa October 9, kumudzi likulu Bolivia anabwera kulamula kuti awonongedwe kunachitika Cuba. Pa tsiku lomwelo, iye anawomberedwa. thupi kusamutsidwa kwa ina kumene mtembo Guevara anali kuonetsa mwa m'deralo ndi atolankhani. thupi udulidwe dzanja kuti ntchito Fingerprints kutsimikiza mwalamulo imfa ya kupanduka a. zotsalira za anakwiriridwa m'manda chinsinsi.

Manda anapeza mu 1997 chifukwa cha khama la atolankhani American. Pa nthawi yomweyo zotsalira za Suntuke ndi angapo a anzake anatitumiza ku Cuba. Kumeneko anayamba ulemu anachita padziko lapansi. Mausoleum kumene m'manda Ernesto Suntuke Guevara ili Santa Clara - mzinda womwe Comandante anapambana nkhondo yake yaikulu mu 1959.