Ophunzira za Kampeni Chachinayi, zolinga, zotsatira

Nyengo ya ntchito chivalry mu Middle East wasiya chizindikiro yofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya Ulaya. M'nkhaniyi tiona kuphimba maziko, zochitika zazikulu, komanso ena ophunzira za Kampeni Chachinayi.

Chifukwa ntchito imeneyi wasankhidwa nkhani? Yankho lake ndi losavuta. Zachititsa kuti kusintha zofunika mapu ndale za dzikoli ndi kwathunthu kunam'sintha mfundo yachilendo vekitala wa limati European.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za zochitika izi, mudzaphunzira m'nkhani imeneyi.

Zimene zikuchitika ku Europe

Chifukwa, choyamba Nkhondo za Mtanda atatu kwambiri chiwerengero cha kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Ambiri mwa anthu amene anabwera kuchokera ku Middle East kutsika msanga kubedwa golide mu malo odyera. Ndiko, kwa zaka zana, anapeza ambiri asilikali osauka, chosakhulupirira zimene iye anafotokoza ndi njala.

Komanso, mphekesera ayamba kuoneka kuti zolephera onse ndi kulephera kwa Akhristu mlandu Byzantines. Iwo ananena kuti iwo asewera ziŵiri, kuthandiza ndi Ankhondo ndi Asilamu. Mawu amenewa achititsa kuti kukula kwa chidani mu strata m'munsi mwa anthu.

Komano, chokumana ndi zigonjetso makampeni yapita, Onani Woyera anayamba kutaya yonena mwa mafumu European. Choncho, ophunzira za Kampeni Chachinayi atha Innocent III kwa Rome okwera.

Chifukwa, lennye umwini pa dera la Ufumu kale Byzantine anakhala mphoto yekha amene analandira ophunzira Kampeni Chachinayi. Table limati frankokratia nthawi akufotokozera mbiri yakale. Nditawerenga nkhani mpaka mapeto, inu mosavuta kuchikwaniritsa.

Zimayambitsa wa Kampeni Chachinayi

Pamene mbiri yasonyeza, 4 misonkhano zasintha chitsogozo cha mfundo yachilendo kumadzulo kwa Ulaya. Ngati kale cholinga anali ndi kupambana "Woyera Manda", koma tsopano zinthu zikusintha kwambiri.

Cholinga chenicheni cha 4 Kampeni Kodi sizigwirizana ndi Baibulo boma. Koma Tikambirana lino. Tsopano tiyeni tione zifukwa misonkhano asilikali.

Kwenikweni Chachinayi Kampeni anasonyeza zolinga za mphamvu aboma nayikapo kubwezera asilikali wamba. Pamene iwo anayamba kufufuza zifukwa kugonjetsedwa kwa ntchito imene atatu loyamba, makamaka ndawala adadza wachiwiri kwa zinthu zina zodabwitsa. Iwo likukhalira kuti vuto lenileni linali osati mkangano pakati pa oweruza a Akhristu ndi pakalibe limodzi dongosolo wamba kanthu, ndipo mwala wa mfumu Byzantine.

Pa chifukwa pozindikira zimenezi, tikambirana pang'ono motalikira. Tsopano Nkofunika kudziwa chilakolako cha Papa, amene mukopedwe cholinga cha boma cha nkhondo.

Kampeni chachinayi 1202 - 1204 zaka anayenera kagwere Woyera Onani pa udindo waukulu ku Europe. Pambuyo pa maulendo wachiwiri ndi wachitatu anagonjetsedwa, ulamuliro wa Rome anagwa zikuchepa. Kuchuluka kwambiri, iye olamulira German, amene, m'malo wina "kugonjetsa cha Manda Opatulika," ankachitika ubatizo moumiriza wends.

Komanso, Kudana la Akristuwo wamba. Ambiri a iwo anali anamenyela kapena ana a ophunzira yokopa choyamba, koma sanalandire malipiro okwanira. A Knights malamulo achipembedzo ku Middle East anali malipoti a chiwerewere ndi moyo wolemera anakhala kumeneko asilikali.

Choncho, Kampeni Chachinayi anali akamakambirana a ku Ulaya zigawenga. Komabe, zolinga za aliyense anali zawo. Pa iwo nkhani zotsatirazi.

Nduna ndipo cholinga chenicheni

Monga tanena cholinga 4 Kampeni ankasiyana mwa zigawo zosiyana za anthu. Tiyeni tiwone, kodi wakhala kusiyana.

Papa nayambanso lachiweruzo ndi "asilikali a Khristu" chokaniora chikhulupiriro. Koma tsopano cholinga n'kulandiridwa Egypt, osati ku Jerusalem. See Woyera ankaona kuti ngati Fatimids kugwa, kudzakhala kosavuta kuti akagonjetse Palestine.

Pa dzanja limodzi Innocent III anayesa kupeza mphamvu zambiri mu chigawo Mediterranean, zofooketsa olamulira Arab. Komabe, kupambana pa nkhondo zomenyera pansi pa lamulo la Papa anali kubwezeretsa ulamuliro wa woimira Holy See ku Ulaya.

Nthawi yoyamba kuitana Innocent III anamvera French Chiwerengero Thibault, amene sanalandire kwambiri ndalama kukhutiritsa zokhumba za nkhondo ndi England. Komanso omangika atumiki ake. Koma posakhalitsa umafa, ndipo malo a mtsogoleri wamkulu akutenga Margrave wa Montferrat, Bonifesi.

Iye anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri mu msonkhano, koma anadzibisa nkhani zotsatirazi nkhaniyi. Kampeni chachinayi kwa olamulira a dziko ndi mwayi woti kusintha zinthu chuma, kuti tikhale m'dziko latsopano. Vuto mwaluso anapezerapo mwayi wa Venice. Ndipotu, zikwi Akhristu asilikali anakwaniritsa ntchito yake Doge.

Iye anaganiza kukuza chikoka cha boma likhale lalikulu apanyanja mphamvu mu Mediterranean. Ichi chinali cholinga chenicheni cha Kampeni Chachinayi, koma zotsatira zake zinali chabe zidzasintha. Tikambirana kenako nkhaniyi.

The ntchito yochotsa Ufumu anathandiza asilikali wamba chifukwa lamulo wachita pa maganizo a anthu. Anthu oposa theka ndi atumwi, onse akulankhula za chinyengo cha mfumu Byzantine, ndipo anali ofunitsitsa ndibwezera theka akufa kwa Akhristu. Tsopano zinali zotheka.

maphunziro

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma akhumi Rome ndi olamulira a dziko la Europe ayamba odikira kwa nkhondo zomenyera latsopano. See Woyera anasonkhanitsa nsembe ya mafumu ndi olemekezeka, amene sanafune kupita kum'mawa. mafoni amenewa anasonkhanitsa gulu lalikulu la asilikali osauka. Iwo anakhulupirira kuti ngati njonda kulipira, kotero iwo ndi mwayi kupeza.

Olemekezeka komanso anapita pragmatically kwambiri vutoli. tagwirizana kuti walemba ndi Republic of Venice zombo yobwereka kunyamula asilikali mu Alexandria. Choncho anakonza kuyamba dziko la Egypt.

Doge la Venice anapempha zizindikiro 85.000 siliva. Nthawi ya kutolera ndalama linaperekedwa mu 1202. Pamene nthawi ili mbali yofunika kwambiri asilikali Crusader anayandikira mzinda, ndalama sanabadwe kuyisonkhanitsa. Msilikali anaika pa chilumba cha Lido, kumbali ya Venice, pofuna kupewa matenda ndi matenda. Adapereka chakudya ndi ntchito zofunika.

Komabe, pamene Doge anaphunzira kuti lamulo asilikali sangathe kuukitsa ndalama zofunika Iye anasiya utumiki. Ophunzira za Kampeni Chachinayi anayamba pang'onopang'ono mogwirizana. Kampeni anaopseza kuti ndithu, kotero Bonifatsiyu Monferratskomu anali kukambirana ndi Avenetia tsintho.

Ndipo pa mfundo imeneyi pa Kampeni Chachinayi imadzitembenuzanso malangizo ake. Crusader asilikali kwenikweni mercenaries Venice. Ntchito yoyamba inali adani a mzinda Chikolowesha wa Zara. Zinali amatetezedwa ndi mpanda wolimba Mkhristu a mfumu ya Hungary, amene posachedwapa ndinalandira chikhulupiriro cha Khristu.

Kuukira anali ndi maziko onse a anthu kutetezela co-achipembedzo. Ndipotu Crusader asilikali anachita analakwira Chikatolika ndi wa Holy See. Koma asilikali kubwezera, palibe chikanaletsa, makamaka ngati chandamale lotsatira anakonza Constantinople.

kutenga Zara

Kamodzi zolinga za Kampeni Chachinayi anasintha, anapeza malangizo yekha boma. About aliyense "chitetezo cha chikhulupiriro" sankakhoza kuyenda ndi kulankhula, monga woyamba kulandira mzinda anakhala Zara, linga Mkhristu m'gawo la Croatia ano.

linga imeneyi inali yokwanira yekha ndi odana la Venice mu Mediterranean. Choncho khalidwe Doge zolinga zoonekeratu.

Pamene Akhristu Lamulo anaphunzira Bonifesi za mmene malipiro mtsogolo kwa wopita ku Alexandria, ambiri anakana kuchita nawo. Ena kudzipatula ndi kupita Land Woyera, kapena anabwerera kwawo.

Komabe, zambiri anali Palibe vuto, chifukwa chakuti ambiri asilikali ochokera m'madera osauka. cholanda iliyonse inali njira yokhayo yopezera ndalama. Choncho, Akhristu anamvera pempho la Doge.

Mu November wa asilikali 1202 a mtanda anadza kwa mpanda wa Zara. linga Izi inkatetezedwa ndi midzi ya asilikali Chihangare ndi Dalmatian. Adakhoza chotani kwa masabata awiri ndi khamu lalikulu, amene anali kwambiri la asilikali akatswiri ndi anamenyela yake nkhondo.

Pamene mzinda lidagwa, iye chinaperekedwa ku wakubayu zachiwawa. m'misewu munali chosaneneka mitembo ya anthu. Kwa nkhanza zimenezi, Papa anachotsedwa mpingo wa Akhristu. Koma mawu awa namizidwe kulira golide chandalama. The Army anasangalala.

Monga yozizira anabwera, wopita ku Alexandria kulephereka mpaka masika. Pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, asirikali chilili Zara.

Chachinayi Kampeni, mwachidule kulankhula, asilikali adayamba kutemberera Papa ndi inasanduka kanthu ka asilikali ena za Akristu ena.

Kugwa kwa Ufumu Byzantine

Pambuyo pa adani a Zara cholinga cha Kampeni Chachinayi anasamuka kum'mwera kum'mawa. Tsopano, chifukwa cholephera chidani cha Army wotsogolera "opanduka Byzantine" akhoza chidzakwaniritsidwa. Pa kuumirira kwa Venetian doge flotilla sanatumize anthu kuti ku Alesandriya, chidagonera sanalinso chidwi kwa Akhristu, ndi Constantinople.

Malinga ndi zikalata zofunikira, asilikali atakulungidwa mu likulu la Byzantium, kuthandiza mfumu Alexis Mngelo. bambo ake Isaki, unagonjetsedwa ndi ufumuyo ndipo anamangidwa m'kaidi a. Ndipotu chochitika zapiringizana zofuna za olamulira onse European.

4 misonkhano nthawi zonse cholinga anali kukuza mphamvu ya Mpingo wa Katolika kummawa. Ngati Palestine sachiza, ndiye mwayi wachiwiri kwa Rome anali inalowa tchalitchi cha Greek Orthodox. Mu mawu, Onse atakana Innocent III kwambiri analimbikitsa ulendo pa Constantinople.

Chifalansa ndi Chijeremani olemekezeka, komanso dziko la Venice analinso ndi maganizo a chuma cha Ufumu wa Byzantium. asilikali wamba, amene ankakolezera kuyitana kubwezera opanduka, kodi kukhala chida cha owalamulira.

Pamene asilikali anafika kumzinda, pali kulimbana kwa mphamvu. Alex, amene analonjeza mphotho kwa Akhristu chifukwa coronation wake, ndi mantha ndipo anathaŵa. Mmalo mwake anthu omasulidwa ndi kukonzanso kulengeza mfumu Isaki. Koma Ankhondo sanafune kutaya ndalama zoperekedwa, anapeza ndi korona Alexis. Choncho Constantinople awiri a mfumu pa nthawi yomweyo.

Chifukwa cha mavuto ndi mkulu levies kupanduka anayamba. Kupondereza Akhristu analowa mumzindawo. Koma okhazikitsa mtendere ntchito yovuta kuitana. Constantinople anali anagonjetsa ndi kutentha.

Zotsatira za kugwa kwa Constantinople

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ophunzira 4 nkhondo zomenyera anakonza kunja ndi analekanitsa Ufumu wa Byzantium ngakhale Zara. Ndipotu, kuitana Alexei Angela anakhala godsend pofuna kuchotsa m'diso anthu, ndi oweruza a mayiko ena.

Mzinda boma anaganiza kugawidwa m'magulu anayi. Wina analandira analengeza mfumu pakati Akhristu a. The atatu otsalira anagawanika pakati Venice ndi Ankhondo a French. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti nawo gawo mbali anasaina mgwirizano zotsatirazi. Nthumwi za chipani mmodzi alandira wachifumu Mfumu, ndi zina - mbadwa ya tiara lapansi. Kusankha loletsa ndende ya mphamvu zakuthupi ndi zauzimu mu manja omwewo.

Venice mu gulu la ufumuwo anasonyeza mochenjera ndipo anagwiritsa ntchito bwino udindo yozungulira wa Akhristu. Ndi mtundu apanyanja wakhala wotetezedwa olemera ndi kwambiri zingamuthandize zigawo m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Choncho, ndi adani a Constantinople ndi 4 nkhondo zomenyera kunali kutatha. Zotsatira za ntchito imeneyi adzakhala analengeza pa.

Zotsatira za nkhondo zomenyera ndi

Kambiranani zotsatira za ntchito imeneyi asilikali ayenera kuyamba ndi kusintha zomwe zachitika pa mapu a ndale a Ulaya. Iwo anagonjetsedwa ndi unatha theka zana limodzi a ufumu wamphamvu Mkhristu.

Ophunzira za Chachinayi Kampeni Byzantium anagawa m'dziko madera osiyanasiyana.

Zochitika chinali chiyambi cha otchedwa "nthawi ya frankokratia" imene tikambirana pansipa.

Ngakhale kuti kuli kofunika kudziwa mbali imodzi. Goals akhala akukonza ndi kusintha kwakukulu mu njira ya Kampeni Chachinayi. Zotsatira amasonyeza sagwirizana ofanana nkhondo European. Tsopano za chitetezo aliyense wa chikhulupiriro, kuthandiza Akhristu mu East sankakhoza kuyenda ndi kulankhula. Popeza Akhristu zaka ziwiri anatha kuwononga Mkhristu Ufumu.

The chifukwa chachikulu cha ntchito imeneyi asilikali kutsogoleredwa ndi amalonda Venetian anakhala Chikhristu unagawika East ndi West. Komanso maganizo kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi mzake.

Zonse zochitika wotsatira wa zaka khumi ndi chitatu ndi chinayi amasonyeza nzeru khama Woyera Onani kuti ntchito yokopa miyambo kum'mawa owalimbikitsa mphamvu zake.

frankokratia

Monga tidanena kale, Mpingo unachotsa ophunzira onse a Kampeni Chachinayi. Yankho lomwe linaperekedwa milandu palibe amene ankafuna, kotero mu dera la Ufumu wa Byzantium anapanga boma yekha boma.

Holy See wokhutira kugwa ndi kudwala zosakhalitsa Tchalitchi cha Greek Orthodox.

Kodi limati zinalengedwa Byzantium?

Dera la boma kale Mkhristu unagawidwa Epirus Despotate ndi maufumu atatu - Latin, Nicene, ndi Trebizond. katundu Amenewa adali yotheka ndi otetezeka boma la Akhristu mu Middle East. The zifukwa anali angapo.

Choyamba, iwo anali wamng'ono mwachirengedwe, kotero kuti moyo pafupi ndi "achikunja" a boma. Ukulu Akhristu omwewo mu Levant ankangomumwaza mantha ndi funde Seljuk.

dongosolo Maufumu kasamalidwe inachokera pa mfundo za maukulu European Western. Zing'onozing'ono ang'onoang'ono ambuye m'munda akhoza kuteteza kwambiri dziko kuposa mphamvu yaikulu ataima asilikali, kamodzi kuyikidwa mu Constantinople.

Tiyeni tikambirane zambiri za limati utangoyamba kumene.

Ufumu wa Nicaea inatenga zaka makumi asanu ndi aŵiri. Olamulira kudziona ngati ana mwachindunji Ufumu wa Byzantine. Anakhazikitsa boma Fedor Laskaris, ndi Greek okalamba amene anathawa ku Constantinople. Iye anali wokhoza kuti apange dziko pa bwinja la ufumuwo, komanso kuteteza mu mgwirizano ndi Bulgarians ku Seljuks ndi Latins.

Trebizond Ufumu anakhala maphunziro yaitali m'dera limeneli. Zinatha mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu. malamulo okhazikitsidwa ndi mafumu ake Comnenus. Mtundu uwu wa mafumu Byzantine amene analamulira pamaso pa Angelo. Kenako, anathamangitsidwa ndipo anakakhala m'chigawo wakale Roma cha ku Ponto. Pano pa ndalama achibale, Chijojiya Mfumukazi Tamara, Comneni kugula umwini. Kenaka, Ufumu wa Trebizond analengedwa m'deralo.

Despotate wa Epirus anali chidwi kwambiri chodabwitsa mu mbiri. Idamangidwa ndi Mihail Komnin Duka. Greek ichi poyamba anathandiza Bonifesi ku Constantinople. Pamene iye anatumizidwa kuti apeze kufalikira Epirus, kumene iye akukhala wolamulira mtheradi ndi kulengeza chokha wolowa Ufumu wa Byzantium. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti m'nthawi yake anamutcha iye "ndi Greek Nowa," amene anapulumutsa Orthodox ku chigumula Latin.

Otsiriza pa mndandanda wathu ndi Latin Ufumu. Iye, monga Nicaea, inatenga zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri okha. zonsezi kuti unatha atabwerako Constantinople ndi Byzantines mu 1261.

Awa ndi zotsatira akuchita mu Kampeni Chachinayi. The Chifukwa ulendo asilikali kuposa zonse zimene timayembekezera, magawano onse a ku Ulaya kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo.

Monferrato - mtsogoleri wa Kampeni Chachinayi

Poyambirira, ife maadiresi ena ophunzira 4 Kampeni. Ambiri a iwo analandira lennye munda wa Latin Ufumu. Koma tsopano tiona mtsogoleri wa nkhondo wa 1202 - 1204 zaka.

Monga tanena woyamba kuyitana Papa anamvera French Chiwerengero Thibaud. Koma posakhalitsa umafa, ndipo Akhristu lotsogoleredwa ndi Bonifesi, kalonga wa ku Italy.

Ndi chiyambi, iye anali Margrave wa Montferrat. Mafumu nawo nkhondo ndi Lombard League ndi Sicily. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo iye ayamba kuzindikira pakati pa Akhristu monga mtsogoleri wodziwa.

Pa Soissons mu 1201, iye anali atalengeza mtsogoleri yekha wa Kampeni Chachinayi. Pa ntchito imeneyi, iye ali ndi Doge wa Venice, zinapanga olamulira European kuti ali ndi udindo nkhanza zonse sali Akhristu, ndi Enrico Dandolo.

Komabe, pambuyo adani a Constantinople, adafunsira kuti iye mfumu. Koma silinachirikize ophunzira mu 4 Kampeni. Yankho Byzantines anali negative. Iwo sanafune kulimbikitsa kukwezedwa kwa Monferrato. Choncho Bonifesi mwapatsidwa umwini wa Thessaloníki ndi chilumba cha Kerete.

Anapha bwanamkubwa wa boma wa Atesalonika mwa nkhondo yolimbana Bulgaria, pafupi Rhodopes. dziko lake anali lilipo kwa zaka makumi awiri.

Choncho, m'nkhani ino ife kuphunzira prerequisites ndi zotsatira za njira ya zochitika za Kampeni Chachinayi. Komanso anakumana ndi ena mwa mamembala ake otchuka.