Mariya Tereziya - Archduchess la Austria: yonena, ana

Mariya Tereziya anabadwa pa May 13, 1717 mu Vienna. Maria anakulira m'banja lachikondi. Mwachibadwa, linakonzedwa ntchito izo anali kusewera mu moyo wanga. The Archduchess wamng'ono wa maphunziro Austria analandira, titero, chikhalidwe wamwamuna. Anachita nawo misonkhano ya Bungwe la State kuyambira zaka 14. Komanso, anaphunzitsa zinenero zosiyanasiyana: French, Italy, Latin. Komabe, mpaka mapeto a moyo, zikuoneka, iwo anakhalabe ka Viennese.

Chiphatso kwa dzanja la Mary

Pambuyo msungwanayo anali ndi zaka 18 ndipo anakwatiwa, ndithudi, amaganizira zofuna za boma. Kumene, panali khama ambiri chifukwa dzanja la Mary, tsogolo Mfumukazi ya Austria. Prussian Korona Prince, mmodzi wa grooms ndi, mothandizidwa Evgeniy Savoysky, ndi Austria polimbana, amene kunathandiza wokongola lalikulu. Izi wodandaulayu mphekesera ankaona wapathengo mwana wa Louis XIV, ndi French mfumu. Kenako nyimbo ngwazi ndi polimbana ndi losadziwika monga mnyamata kwawo. Choncho anakafika ku Austria ndipo kenako anabweretsa dziko lino kupambana wanzeru asilikali.

Komabe, Austria ndi zokonda ndale zosiyana. Kuganizira momwe mungapewere ku chilikupita ku France, Lorraine, banja anapanga mgwirizano ndi Prussian Korona Prince Frantsem Shtefanom wa Lorraine. Zinali wachibale wa Bourbons ndi banja lolamulira la Habsburg.

lacimwemwe

Mwamuna wake wa Mariya monga gawo amayenera kukwaniritsa mfundo anathamangitsa ndi kusintha European pa duchy wake wa Tuscany. Chifukwa cha kugwirizana ndi Theresa idamangidwa Nyumba ya Habsburg-Lorraine. Komabe, mfundo samaletsa maganizo zina. Iwo amanena kuti monga msungwana wamng'ono Maria chibwenzi ndi France, ndipo yatengedwa chikondi chake mu moyo wake wonse, ngakhale zina ndi nsanje kwambiri mwamuna wake.

Ukwati unachitika mu 1736, pa February 12. Kokasangalala, amene anatambasula patatu, mnyamata anakhala mu Tuscany. Kenako anabwerera ku Palace (Vienna). Mariya Tereziya zinachitikadi pa zandale. mwamuna wake iwo, monga mwa asilikali, sanali ndi mphamvu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1738, pambuyo pa ndawala Austria, idatha kulephera, anabwerera kwawo ndi kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha.

banja lalikulu

Pa Marii Terezii anali ana ambiri losangalala. Maria ananena kuti poyerekezera ndi ana losakhutiritsidwa, kotero iliyonse yobereka ananena kuti kosakwanira. Woyamba Theresa anabadwa mu chaka cha 1737 Pambuyo kuti anali pobereka mu 1738, 1740 ... ndi zina pafupifupi chaka mpaka mu 1756. Kawirikawiri imeneyi pakati pa mimba zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Maria wachita anali ndi ana 16, 5 a iwo anyamata ndi atsikana 11. Mu 1756 iye anabadwa mwana wamng'ono, Maximilian Franz. Monga mwana, wamwalira awiri okha kuti m'masiku aja undoubted bwino. Maphunziro ndi analeredwa ana aamuna ndi aakazi tcheru kwambiri kwa Mariya Tereziya.

ana ake, n'zosadabwitsa kuti ankamukonda. Mwa njira, osati mwini wake - anthu ena anakopeka naye. Mu 1762, ndi Mozart pang'ono, amene anaitanidwa kusewera konsati mu nyumba yake, poganiza malo Mariya, analowa chifuwa pake. Kuti pambuyo pake losindikizidwa bwalo zojambulajambula.

Imfa ya Charles VI ndi kupindika latsopano tsoka la Mary

Komabe, chimwemwe wopambana wa akazi wakhala anatuma nthawi yochepa. Mfumu Charles VI mu 1740, anafa, ndi Mariya, amene analipo pa nthawi imeneyo ndi zaka 23, anali kukwera wachifumu wa Austria. Iye anali pa nthawi iyi mayi wa ana atatu, ndi pakati wachinayi. Theresa kukakumana ndi ntchito za boma sizinali zophweka. Komanso, ndiye Habsburg m'gulu, kupatulapo Austria, Czech, South Holland, Hungary, dziko Italy.

Poyamba, chifukwa cha imfa ya Charles sanali popanda zomvetsa yake yandale. Karl Albrecht, Elector a Bavaria, analandira korona, ndi zaka 5 zokha kenako mu 1745, pambuyo pa imfa yake, ndipo ndi chilolezo cha mwana wake, iye anabwerera ku Austria. Kwenikweni, mfumu inali pansi pa dzina la Franz Ine Frants Shtefan ndi Mariya Tereziya Choncho anadziwika monga Mfumukazi. Mwalamulo, Tamarayo sanali korona, koma ndi mtima, nzeru za anthu, mutu wake anayamba kuchotsa ntchito yaikulu ya boma. Poyamba Mariya zochokera alangizi bambo ake. Komabe, m'posavuta kukokomeza kuposa anakhalabe Theresa kulimba kusankha udindo.

Activities Frantsa Shtefana

Frants Shtefan, amene mkazi wake anamwalira mu makalasi ndale inayamba zokhudza ndalama banja lolamulira la Habsburg, zomwe, poyamba, sizinamulepheretse kukhala miliyoneya yekha. Kuwonjezera ndalama, izo ndi chidwi sayansi. Franz kusonkhanitsa mchere. Iye anali kusonkhanitsa olimba a ndalama. Chilimwe okhala Schönbrunn Palace mwa kulimbikira kuti zinyama unakhazikitsidwa. Ingachitikedi, ndipo ankaona yakale kwambiri ku Ulaya. Mfumu komanso amakonda ulimi. Iye analenga minda chitsanzo pa minda yawo.

Ukwati wa ana ndi udindo wake mu mfundo yachilendo

Tiyenera kuvomereza kuti Mariya Tereziya poyamba si bwino odziwa mfundo yachilendo. Iye motsogozedwa m'zochitika za mitundu yonse akudziwa zambiri mayi wa ana ndi akazi ambiri. Alternately kusewera ukwati wa ana, Theresa okwatira ndi akuluakulu a nyumba zofunika kwambiri chigamulo cha Europe. Mariya Tereziya, Jack ana aamuna ndi aakazi kuperekedwa mu ukwati, kulimbitsa kugona ndi Spain, France, Sicily, Naples, Parma. Choncho iye analenga ogwirizana mu mikangano kupitirirabe ndi Mfumu ya Prussia. malirime zoipa anayamba icho "mpongozi" ndi "mayi a" onse a ku Ulaya.

Komabe, ngati vuto ndi banja la ana sanali, ndi ukwati wa akazi, onse sanali bwino. Archduchess Maria Anna, wamkulu mwa mwana wake, ndipo anakhala chifukwa cha amadwaladwala wosakwatira. Pafupifupi ukwati wa Mary Elizabeth ndi Louis XV, ndi French mfumu. Komabe, mkwatibwi anadwala mwadzidzidzi ndi nthomba, kotero ife tinali kuletsa ubwenziwu. Mwana Marii Terezii tinakwatirana si chikondi, kupatulapo Maria Cristina. kusankha ake anali Duke Albert Casimir.

Mariya Antuanetta - mwana wamng'ono Marii Terezy. Tsoka wakonzera ake tsoka chisoni. ukwati wake ndi Louis XVI, Mfumu ya France, momvetsa chisoni ndi mwamuna wake, iye anali mpeni wa inanyongedwa. Zinali Mariya Antuanetta waphunzitsa yomwazika French kadzutsa. Anamutengera France mankhwala awo. Yomwazika - zizindikiro za kachigawo Muslim. Iwo Austrians anali wophikidwa ndi kudya ngati chizindikiro cha kupambana kwake pa Turkey.

Koona ndi khama chifukwa cholowa cha

Board Mfumukazi zovuta chifukwa chakuti Prussia ndi Bavaria pambuyo pa imfa ya bambo ake sanafune kuzindikira ndi kuvomereza wanzeru. Iwo ankafuna kuti gawo lawo la cholowa. Fridrih Veliky, Mfumu ya Prussia (zaka za moyo - 1712-1786), masuku pamutu mavuto, anakumana pa nkhani ya kulowezana kwa banja lolamulira la Habsburg anayamba kuchita ntchito asilikali Silesia kumbuyo m'chaka cha imfa ya Charles VI. Ndipo pambuyo pa imfa yake, nkhondo ya Kusinthana, umene unatha ku 1741 kuti 1748 Mu nkhondo imeneyi, Prussia ankati Silesia. Komabe, Bayern Munich ndi France sanasunge iye. Iwo pestered Mary kumadzulo kwa dziko.

Nkhondo ndi Prussia

Mdani uponi anatsala Prussia. Mariya anali pawiri kukula kwa nkhondo. Pakuti ichi kunali koyenera kuti atchule misonkho zina. Mariya Tereziya la Austria nawonso anayamba gulu la Bohemia ndi Austria. Mfumukazi ankabwerera imfa ya Silesia. Mu 1756 anayamba nkhondo ndi Prussia. Pa zaka 7 yaitali kuyambira nkhondo imeneyi. Komabe, sikunali kotheka kuti abwerere Silesia. Aliyense anadziwa kuti imfa ili anakumana Maria.

Ntchito Maria mu ndondomeko zoweta

Ndi ndi Mariya Austria zinachititsa wozunzikirapo ndi kuzunzidwa mfiti. Mfumukazi ameneyu wasonyeza Supreme Court. Maria, kusamalira nzika za kulemba, anayambitsa maphunziro mokakamizidwa kwa onse. ana onse pa 6 ndi 12 zaka anali kuphunzira. Mu Vienna, komabe ukugwira theresianum - sukulu, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi Mfumukazi. Lero imaphunzitsa oimira m'tsogolo. Mu 1751, Maria anamasula Theresian usilikali Academy mu Kuwotcha Neustadt. Iye anasamala mwapadera akuphunzitsa yunivesite ya Vienna Medical luso. The nyumba yatsopano ya yunivesite anabwera pansi mothandizidwa ake. Powasamalira kwambiri kuti zokambirana, Theresa analimbitsa mgwirizano ndi France, Russia ndi Great Britain. Zonsezi kunathandiza zabwino pa chuma cha boma.

Imfa ya Francis

Mu 1765, August 18, anafa Franz I. anachitira pa Innsbruck, pamene iye ndi mkazi wake anafika ku ukwati wa Archduke Leopold, mwana wake. Mariya kuonongeka anali zoopsa. Kwa zaka 15 iye nthawi zonse ankavala maliro.

Board ndi Joseph II

Atamwalira mkazi Maria akulamulira pamodzi ndi Joseph II wa mwana wake, amene anabadwa pa March 13 1741 mumzinda wa Yosefe anakhala mfumu ali ndi zaka 24. Kukwatiwa iye sanali mwayi: ukwati zinalephereka, ndipo posakhalitsa anali ana anafa ali mwana. mkazi wake anamwalira oyambirira, ndipo m'mbuyo mwa kufa iye anakwatiwanso. Komabe, palibe ana, ndi ku ukwati. Mariya Tereziya la Austria sanali kumenyana ndi mwana wake utsogoleri. Komabe, panalibe unanimity pakati pawo. Makamaka, Joseph anasiya anayesetsa Maria mfundo atsamunda. Inde, ndipo adamsunga maganizo awo otsutsana pa nkhani zina.

Marii Terezii ndi imfa ya kukumbukira

Mariya Tereziya anafa Vienna pa November 29, 1780 Anali ndi zaka 63 zokha. Mariya Tereziya la Austria, amene mbiri, inu mukuona, ndi chidwi kwambiri, pogruznela zaka ndi ankavutika kuyenda. Schönbrunn, nyumba yachifumu, anamanga ngakhale pamalo ake wapadera kwa mfumukazi ya analibe kukwera masitepe. Komabe, lero sadzaona, kupanga ulendo mwa zipindazo. Koma n'zotheka kuyenda zipinda ndi zipinda za Schönbrunn, amene anapuma m'chilimwe Mfumukazi, kuwona zojambula ndi zojambula za ana ake. Mu mtima wa Vienna ndi chipilala Marii Terezii. Onani kuti ankakhala nthawi yomweyo ngati Russian Mfumukazi Catherine Wamkulu.

Marii Terezii Thaler zinapangidwa ndi chithunzi ake kuchokera 1753. Atamwalira kumasulidwa kwake Anapitiriza. Iwo anali mwachindunji chaka cha imfa Mariya. Mu 1925, iwo anamasulidwa pafupifupi mamiliyoni 15 thalers. Pamodzi ndi piastres, ndalama imeneyi kutumizidwa ku Ethiopia ndi mayiko Arab. Ndi ntchito yaikulu ndalama za Levant, choncho anayamba kutchedwa Levantine Thaler.