Vorontsov Mihail Illarionovich: yonena, zikayenda bwino ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Werengerani Mihail Illarionovich Vorontsov - Russian nthumwi, amene ayenera ungakopeke nyamuka wake Vorontsov. Iye anali mmodzi wa confidants wapafupi Peter III ndi Elizabeth. Mu 1741 iye anadzakhala membala wa zokhumba yachifumu. Iye anagwira ntchito ngati Chancellor ndi wotsatila Chancellor wa Russian Ufumu. Today ife tione pa umunthu yabwino kwambiri monga Vorontsov Mihail Illarionovich. Wambiri, mfundo ya moyo, njira ya ntchito ndi kuwunika a m'nthawi adzatithandiza ife izi.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Vorontsov Mihail Illarionovich anabadwa July 12, 1714 m'banja la nzika aang'ono, amene anali osawuka mazana awiri. Mu unyamata adalandira maphunziro abwino kunyumba, zomwe zinamuthandiza kale pa khumi ndi zinayi kukhala tsamba. Patapita zaka ziwiri, iye anakhala makamera Vorontsov-pazhem. Ndipo m'chaka cha 1735 anaikidwa njonda ya chipinda chogona pa bwalo la Elizabeth. Vorontsov posakhalitsa anakhala mlembi wake. Kusankhidwa otsiriza anasonyeza kuti Mihaila Illarionovicha fateful chochitika.

kukhulupirira

Kwa utumiki Vorontsov, ndipo ankasangalala chidaliro chonse Elizabeti. Iye anali atamva za chiwembu + Anna Leopoldovna subtleties. Patapita masiku asanu bwino zokhumba d'etat zinachitika Mihaila Illarionovicha anawapatsa adindo weniweni, ndi kupereka iye Mulingo wa onse akuluakulu.

kukula ntchito

Mikhail Vorontsov chikoka pa mfundo wachilendo zikuluzikulu, kotero Iye adayandikira chidwi cha oimira makhoti yachilendo. Frederick II Vorontsov kupereka dongosolo la Black Mphungu, Aug. Chachitatu - Order ya White Mphungu, ndipo mu 1744 iye anakwezedwa ulemu ndi Chiwerengero cha Ufumu wa Roma. Pa nthawi yomweyo ya mutu womwewo, ndipo Kutuzov kunyumba. Komanso, yemweyo 1744 Chiwerengero Vorontsov anaikidwa wotsatila Chancellor, ndipo analandira udindo wa boma milandu. Komabe, monga momwe kwanenedwera ndi ambiri a m'nthawi yake, anali matalente kwambiri.

Mu 1746, pansi pa malingaliro a "thanzi" Zithunzi mu zaka ziwiri anapita ulendo yokakamiza kumayiko European: Germany, France, Italy ndi Netherlands. Pochokera ulendo, iye limodzi ndi wotsatila Chancellor. Mu 1751 Vorontsov "kafukufuku wotsimikizira kuti phindu la Dziko Lathu" anali kupereka dongosolo la St. Andrew, amene ankaona apamwamba Russian mphoto. Vorontsov zaka zingapo ali anakwanitsa miseche maso a Elizabeth mdani wake yoipa ndi odana - Werengani Bestuzhev-Ryumin, amene anatumikira ku malo Chancellor. Pamene yotsirizira anapita, zoona wokondedwa maloto Vorontsov - anakhala Chancellor.

Kusintha mphamvu

Mu ulamuliro wake mwachidule Peter III Vorontsov Mihail Illarionovich anasangalala wapadera lachifumu chisomo. Koma mkubwela kwa mpando wachifumu wa Catherine II zinali zodabwitsa, ngakhale mfundo kuti Zithunzi yapangitsa udindo Chancellor osachepera kwa kanthawi. chakuti Catherine II kwenikweni ankadana Vorontsov. chifukwa anali kudzipereka kwawo kwa Peter III.

Monga Chancellor pa Elizabeth ndi Peter III, Vorontsov anakhalabe mgwirizano ndi Austria ndi Turkey, ntchito pa mgwirizano wa Russia ndi Frederick II ndipo linkatchedwa prussofilom. Komanso Mihail Illarionovich Vorontsov anali nawo mu ndondomeko kunena za lonena pa resumption la kumbuyo mgwirizano Russia ndi Sweden. Mu 1760, wopanda nawo Russia limodzi ndi French ndi Austria lonena, ndi Prussia zinasaina cha mtendere lopitirira mu zaka ziwiri.

Musanayambe lumbiro kuti Mfumukazi latsopano, Chancellor anauza mayi ake za kuchotsedwa wachisomo wa Chancellor ndi kutulutsidwa kwa milandu onse. Anakumana courtier ankadziwa kuti anthu amene si analumbirira Mfumukazi, sanali kulandira ntchito za boma. Catherine II anakana sichingapatule Vorontsova ntchito, koma posakhalitsa.

utumiki anapitiriza

Catherine II anapita coronation mu Moscow, Vorontsov anatsagana ndi mayiyu, pamodzi ndi olemekezeka ena. Tikaonanso St. Petersburg, anayamba kuchita mbali pa zochitika za ku Ulaya, ndipo anachita chidwi timakhala Russia ndi East, makamaka Turkey. Turkey akhala chidwi cha Chiwerengero. Ngakhale mu 1744, pamene Vorontsov anamva kuti olamulira Ottoman poyera kutsutsa kuvomera oimira Russian mu Tauris, iye anauza mlendo Istanbul Neplyuev njira iliyonse kukwaniritsa ufulu Russia kwa kazembe mu Crimea Ndipotu ngakhale France, yomwe ili patsogolo kwambiri ku chilumba cha, kale bwino. Koma Turkey, popanda kuganiza kawiri, anakana pempholo izi. Malinga kukhumudwa Neplyuev, pa msonkhano othandiza Istanbul pa ziganizo yosavuta sanapeze.

Crimea zinthu

The zinthu pa chilumba cha kale anachititsa nkhawa bwalo St. Petersburg. Mu umodzi wa memos anagonjera ku Catherine II kumayambiriro kwa ulamuliro wake, Chancellor ndi ananenetsa kuti Turkey, mwa zina, akhoza kuvutitsa Russia pambuyo Crimea khans. "The umphumphu wa Ottoman Porte zimadalira ntchito asilikali ndi ntchito zolimbitsa thupi lake ndale za yaitali zina zifika kutopa, tingayambe chiwonongeko," - anati Mikhail Vorontsov. Grand Chancellor anali kulondola za Crimea ndi zolinga za olamulira Turkey, koma dziwitsani ichi ndi patatha zaka makumi awiri. Earl anali woyamba amene anali wokhoza mwatsatanetsatane kulungamitsa kufunika kwa Russian analanda dziko la Crimea ufumuwo.

Mankhwalawa yachiwiri

Patapita chaka chimodzi, pambuyo pa ulamuliro wa Catherine II Vorontsov Mihail Illarionovich anazindikira kuti Mapu anayamba kuchitira iye ankadana ndi undisguised. Mu masiku ano, anaganiza kuchita chimodzimodzi monga mu 1746 - ulendo Kukuthandiza Anthu Odwala. August 4, 1763 seneti analandira lamulo limene anati motere: "The Chancellor Vorontsov anatiuza kuti thanzi ofooka sanathe kunyamula ntchito ya udindo wake, ngati si amapondereza kusintha kwa mpweya ndi kuchiritsa madzi, ndi kuti amafuna kuti auze iye pa zaka ziwiri m'mayiko ena. " Chifukwa, Catherine II anapereka n'kulemba tchuthi ndi udindo wake.

Atangomva Chiwerengero kusiya St. Petersburg, ku College of Affairs okhonda pomwepo anadza Werengerani Panin - anakumana nthumwi, amene anauzidwa kuti akhale mmodzi wa mabwenzi ambiri apamtima wa Mfumukazi. October 7 Catherine II zinasaina lamulo pa kusankhidwa udindo wa Panin pervoprisutstvuyuschim College of Affairs okhonda. Lamuloli ananena kuti mogwirizana ndi zinthu "nebeztrudnymi" Mfumukazi ankaona kuti ndi bwino pa pakalibe Chancellor Vorontsov mlandu Panin kupanga College of Affairs okhonda.

Atamva poika Panin, Earl anaganiza zobwerera yomweyo ku likulu kumpoto. Mfumukazi poyankha izi kudzera Prince Golitsyn kuti malinga ndi zomwe Chancellor ali ponena akambirana kwa Bambo Panin. Ndipotu, izo zimatanthauza kuti inali nthawi ya yosiya ntchito ya Chancellor. July 29, 1765 Mihail Illarionov Vorontsov monga malipiro a rubles zikwi 50.

Zotsatira za ntchito

Popeza Vorontsov Mihail Illarionovich sanabwerere ku mayiko ena. Nthawi ina inati Ekaterina Dashkova - kuonerera mphwanga Zithunzi - ku likulu la Russia, zonse zikuchitika mwa chifuniro cha Catherine II ndi kupukusa Bambo Panin. The Zithunzi chomwecho mwachidule ntchito yake Chancellor, ananena kuti kukhala ndi vuto lilibe ndalama zokwanira, anaona kusiyana moona, dyera chancellorship ndi olemera kukhala mu malo omwewo.

Nthawiyi, Mfumukazi ankakayikira za "disinterested" ndi "ubwino" Vorontsov. Ngakhale antipathy munthu, iye anali akum'patsa, nampatsa midzi ndi mafakitale. Komabe Vorontsov zonse kuzitambasula zosowa zake ndalama. Iye anafunsa ang'onoang'ono boma, ndalama chifukwa chobwezera cha ngongole ndi kusangalala ndi mwayi zonse yekha kulola ofesi yake.

Kuti kuphimba ndalama za ntchito yomanga nyumba zachifumu, iye ankachita nawo malonda koopsa kwambiri, kuphatikizapo moyendera maganizo mu tirigu ndi ndalama zakunja. Mu 1757, Vorontsov molumikizana ndi loya wa boma Glebov ndi Werengerani Shuvalov ogwidwawo mwayi Kupumako flaxseed ku Arkhangelsk ndi Onega madoko. Komabe, mu Zithunzi izi ogwira analephera. M'kupita anakakamizika kugulitsa chuma yosatha yachifumu, yomwe Sadovaya Street, ndi kupereka mwininyumba Fitingof Marienburg.

Mihail Illarionovich Vorontsov chidwi sayansi. Kunja, iye analemba zinthu zambiri za mabuku amene atumikira monga chiyambi cha lodziwika bwino Vorontsov laibulale. Mwa mabuku analemba Earl, ntchito zambiri ndi zolemba. Mwachitsanzo, werengani Bruhl - Achisaxon mtumiki, amene ankagwira ntchito pa bwalo la Capital Northern, anapereka Mikhail Illarionovich mwanaalirenji kope zipsera za luso lake zomera. Vorontsov anapulumutsidwa kuyamika angapo zikalata zofunika, ndipo kenako m'gulu yachokera wake wotchuka, amene anali kufalitsidwa mu mawonekedwe a mabuku Bartenev makumi anai.

Imodzi mwa mfundo zosangalatsa kwambiri kwa yonena za Vorontsov ubwenzi wake ndi Mihailom Lomonosovym. wasayansi The mobwerezabwereza adafunsa Zithunzi za "kufunika kwa kupembedzera ndi kuperekedwa." Kutuzov, nayenso anasonyeza chidwi chenicheni kafukufuku wasayansi sayansi ndi yokonzedwa iye. Mu March 1753, mu kalata Vorontsov, Lomonosov ananena kuti amakumbukira Zithunzi ngati "mwana woona wa atate wake." Kenako, ndalama achiyesa anamangidwira ndi nsangalabwi chipilala pa manda a yasayansi.

domesticity

Mu 1722, Vorontsov Mihail Illarionovich anakwatira Anna Karlovna Skavronskaya - msuweni Elizabeth. awiri anali ndi ana anayi, atatu amene sanakhale moyo chaka. Pa Chancellor analibe mwamuna olandira mwachindunji, koma chifukwa abale izo sizinathetse nkhani mtundu. Kutuzov anali ndi abale awiri, Roman ndi Ivan.

umunthu khalidwe

Monga States bwino, Vorontsov Mihail Illarionovich anali mu mabuku mbiri zotsutsana kwambiri kuwunika. Malinga K. Waliszewski, ngati zingamvekere paradoxical, iye anali "achinyengo, koma tikanena akadali munthu woonamtima." Manstein anakhulupirira Werengerani osaphunzira ndi osauka talente. Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri, sanadandaule wa Zithunzi wa, m'kukoma kulankhula m'malo m'mbali. Malinga ndi iye, panali bwalo yachilendo, amene sadafuna ataima pa kopeleka malipiro a.

Chenjezo ndi kudziletsa Vorontsov sanali kutenga. nthumwi lina kwa zaka akumuyembekezera kuyankha mwamphamvu, koma zambiri pachabe. Iye ali zonse olimbikitsa, koma sizinawulule zolinga zake woona. Malinga anthu ambiri achilendo, Vorontsov ankasewera udindo wa chophimba kuphimba abale Shuvalov. Iye, maphunziro ndi ulemu kuposa Shuvalovs oyenereradi chifukwa "Kuthokoza kuwombola pambuyo".

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Popeza Vorontsov Mihail Illarionovich, amene yonena unali mutu wa taphunzira, anachotsedwa ntchito ya boma, iye anakakhala ku Moscow. Mu February chomwecho 15, 1767 n'kulemba anafa. Iye anaikidwa pafupi ndi achibale kunyumba pa Vozdvizhenka. Mu 1934, obisika anali anagwetsa. mwana Vorontsov anapulumuka iye ndi zaka ziwiri zokha. Popeza iye analibe ana, Lililonse cholowa unagawidwa pakati pa abale ake. Chotero yonena pano chidwi ndi zachilendo kwa wotchuka Chancellor anali - Vorontsov Mihail Illarionovich. Kuwerengera zaka za moyo: 1714-1767.