The nkhondo yapachiweniweni pakati pa North America ndi South. Zimayambitsa nkhondo ya 1861-1865

Nkhondo ya pakati North ndi South America ndi limodzi mwa magawo yamagazi mu mapangidwe anthu masiku ano American. Kwa zaka 5 nkhondo sizinathe anapanga United States, ngakhale kuti anthu ambirimbiri anatha kukonza njira linakhalapo tsogolo ndi chitukuko.

USA mu XIX atumwi ndi azingokhala ake

Woyamba ndi chifukwa chachikulu nkhondo asilikali pakati limati anabadwa pa chiyambi cha kulamulira. Mu 1619, akapolo woyamba African anabweretsedwa ku Virginia. Ndinayamba kupanga dongosolo kapolo. Pasanapite zaka zochepa, anayamba kuoneka zizindikiro loyamba la nkhondo m'tsogolo. Anthu ayamba kulankhula motsutsa ukapolo. Woyamba anali Rodzher Uilyams. Sitepe ndi sitepe, adayamba kuwonekera kwa malamulo koyamba kuti magawowa ndipo zonse miyoyo ya akapolo amene pang'onopang'ono analandira "anthu" ufulu nthawi zambiri anagwiriridwa ndi eni.

M'zaka za m'ma XIX, pamene nkhondo ya pakati North America ndi South America wakhala mosalephera, Congress akadali kuyesera kupeza kukondera mwa bata. Choncho, mu 1820, ku Missouri Kusadzipatulira zinachititsa m'dera la ukapolo anasaina wakhala kukodzedwa. Bwino panali kapolo akugwira m'madera malire. Choncho, South kwathunthu otalikirana yokha ku North. Mu 1854, mgwirizano isachitike. Komanso Republican Party pa nsanja za magulu amene kumenyana ukapolo unakhazikitsidwa chaka chino. Ndipo mu 1860 anakhala kazembe wa pulezidenti wa mphamvu zandale Abraham Lincoln.

Mu chaka chomwecho pa US anataya asanu m'madera kum'mwera, amene ananena achire awo ku chitaganya ndi Kulenga kwa chitaganya States. Patapita miyezi ingapo, pambuyo chigonjetso loyamba la Chitaganya pa Fort Sumter, kutapa pa US anati zina 5 limati. States kumpoto kuti analengeza yolimbikitsa - Civil nkhondo pakati pa North America ndi South America unayambitsidwa.

American South ndi miyambo

Kodi atasemphana zochepa modabwitsa pakati limati, kukhalira limodzi kwa zaka zambiri? Sitingathe kunena kuti South anali kapolo kwathunthu ndi oipa. M'malo mwake, mu chiyambi cha m'ma XIX, pali unachitikira ambiri malankhulidwe ndi ukapolo koma ndi 1830 anali atatopa.

Njira ya maiko akummwera chinali chomveka chotsutsana ndi North. Pambuyo Mexico-American Nkhondo States analandira zigawo zikuluzikulu. lachonde kunali koyenera kusamalira. The Obzala mpesawo apeza njira agule akapolo. Chifukwa, ndi South wasanduka agrarian dera, zofuna zonse ntchito imene inali kusowa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha ntchito wotchipa nkhondo pakati pa North America ndi South. Akamanena za kusagwirizanako, molingana ndi azambiriyakale ambiri, anagona zakuya.

States kumpoto

States kumpoto anali zosiyana Mtheradi wa bourgeois ya South. Business ndi akhama North chimakula makampani ndi luso lopanga. Panalibe ukapolo, ndi kulimbikitsa ntchito ufulu. Kuchokera ngodya zonse za dziko anasonkhanitsa anthu amene ndimalota kuti apeze chuma ndi kupanga ndalama zochuluka pano. Mu madera kumpoto zinachitikadi ndipo anakhazikitsa dongosolo kusintha kwa misonkho, panali chikondi. Kuyenera ankadziwa kuti ngakhale udindo wa nzika free, America African ndi North anali nzika wachiwiri kalasi.

Zimayambitsa nkhondo pakati pa North ndi South America

• Kulimbana chiyembekezo chakuti ukapolo. Akatswiri ambiri amanena kuti mfundo iyi yokha yomwe ndale za Lincoln, amene anafunika kulimbitsa ulamuliro wake mu Europe.
• Kusiyana pakati pa maganizo a anthu a kumpoto ndi kum'mwera.
• Mtima wofuna kulamulira limati kumpoto kwa anansi kum'mwera kudzera ambiri mipando mu Nyumba ya oimira.
• The kudalira za mafakitale pa zinthu ulimi wa South. kumpoto kugula thonje, fodya ndi shuga pa mlingo kuwathandiza, kukakamiza Obzala mpesawo kupulumuka koposa bwino.

Inde ntchito ankhondo pa nthawi choyamba cha nkhondo

Mu April 1861 pa Civil nkhondo inayamba mu North ndi South America. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale nthawi yaitali sakanakhoza kuchilingalira amene anayamba nkhondo. Pambuyo kuyerekezera mfundo za shelling ndi zida zankhondo, zinadziwika kuti nkhondoyo anabweretsa Southerners.

Woyamba nkhondo ndi kugonjetsa asilikali chitaganya zinacitika pafupi Fort Sumter. Pambuyo kugonjetsedwa motere, pulezidenti Lincoln anapulumutsa "mu mfuti" 75 zikwi odzipereka. Iye sanafune njira wamagazi nkhondo ndi kuperekedwa kwa abwezere limati kum'mwera nokha ndi kulanga instigators. Koma nkhondo ya pakati North America ndi South America anali kale mosalephera. Southerners kupambana woyamba ouziridwa ndi wofunitsitsa nkhondo. Concept ulemu ndi olimba mtima wolimba anyamata Kumwera musataye iwo ufulu wochotsa. Ndipo ubwino pa siteji koyamba za nkhondo yaikulu ya South - okwanira asilikali ophunzitsidwa ndi zikuchokera timu, komanso zida omwetsera anali akadali pambuyo pa nkhondo ndi Mexico.

Lincoln kulengezedwa ndi anatseka misewu ya limati onse chitaganya.

Mu July 1861 kunali nkhondo pa ng'ombe Thamanga Mtsinje, imene adagonja ndi asilikali a Confederacy. Koma m'malo kupita kauntala-kuukira Washington, southerners anasankha machenjerero kumbuyo, ndipo angagwire ntchito anatayika. The atasemphana kunakula m'chilimwe cha 1861. Komabe, ngati chikadapatsidwa Southerners anzeru, ndiye kuti inatha nkhondo pakati pa North America ndi South. Amene zikuwayendera mu gawo lino la nkhondo, kotero izo si chitaganya.

Mu April 1862 zinachitika wina nkhondo zoipitsitsa mu Civil nkhondo, amene anapha anthu zikwi zisanu - Nkhondo ya ku Silo. Nkhondo imeneyi, ngakhale ndi zomvetsa lolemera, magulu anagwirizana anapambana ndi kale mwezi uno popanda kuwombera limodzi analowa New Orleans ndi Memphis.

Mu August, asilikali Kumpoto anapita likulu la Confederacy Richmond, koma theka la ang'onoang'ono chitaganya asilikali kutsogoleredwa ndi General Lee, anatha kulimbana nawo. Mu September, asilikali kachiwiri idzachitikira pa ng'ombe Thamanga Mtsinje. Tsopano mukhoza kudzawatenga Washington, koma kachiwiri mwayi si limodzi ndi Confederates.

chiyembekezo chakuti

Imodzi mwa chinsinsi lipenga Abraham Lincoln, amene adaphunzitsa monga chimachititsa mkangano States, chiyembekezo chakuti ukapolo. Ndipo pa pulezidenti nthawi yoyenera ntchito kuti athetseretu ukapolo mu maiko wopanduka, monga nkhondo ya pakati North ndi South America la 1861-1865 akhoza anachedwa kwa nthawi yaitali.

Mu September, Lincoln anasaina Kumasuka analengeza mu chikumenyana ndi inati Union. Dobrich ukapolo unapitirirabe.

Choncho, pulezidenti wa kuwombera wina kupha mbalame ziwiri ndi mwala umodzi. Iye yekha analengeza padziko lonse monga munthu kumenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe wa anthu akuda. Tsopano Europe simungathe kuthandiza Confederacy. Komano, kachigawo kamodzi ka cholembera, iye kuchuluka kukula kwa gulu lake lankhondo.

Gawo lachiwiri la nkhondo

Mu May 1863, gawo lachiwiri la nkhondo. North America ndi South mu nkhondo adapitiriza changu chatsopano.

Mu July atumwi, anayambitsa chosaiwalika nkhondo ya Gettysburg, womwe unatenga masiku angapo, zomwe zinachititsa kuti asilikali chitaganya anakakamizika abwerere. kugonjetsedwa uyu anatenga ambirimbiri ndi kuswa kukhulupirika kwa South, iwo kukana, koma sizinathandize.

July 4, 1863 Vicksburg anagwa kwa General Grant. Lincoln yomweyo anamuika kukhala mtsogoleri wa gulu lankhondo la northerners. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo anayamba nkhondo pakati pa asilikali awiri mwatsatanetsatane - Lee ndi Grant.

Atlanta, Savannah, Charleston - mzinda mu dziko m'manja mwa asilikali Union. Pulezidenti Lincoln Davis kalata nsembe kwa dziko, koma North anali kumvera South osati ofanana.

Nkhondo ya pakati North America ndi South America m'zaka za m'ma 19 inathera ndi kugonjera kwa asilikali chitaganya, wolemekezeka South anagwa, ndi malonda ndi mwaphamphu North anapambana.

zotsatira

• Chiyembekezo chakuti ukapolo.
• US boma anakhala maphunziro kwathunthu.
• Oimira limati kumpoto anapambana ambiri mipando mu Nyumba ndi kuwakweza zofunika malamulo ntchito ndi makampani, kukapha "m'zikwama" wa southerners.
• Anthu oposa 600,000 anaphedwa.
• Chiyambi cha mafakitale m'madera kum'mwera, okwana mafakitale.
• Patsogolo limodzi msika US.
• Kukula kwa zilumikizano za malonda ndi mabungwe chikhalidwe.

Zotsatira izi zinachititsa nkhondo pakati pa North America ndi South. Dzinali iye analandira Civic. Izi atasemphana wamagazi pakati pa nzika sanalinso mu United States.