Mfumu - ndani izi? Tanthauzo la mawu. Zakale ndi zamakono mafumu

Kuwerenga mabuku a mbiri yakale, timakumana ndi mayina osiyanasiyana maudindo a olamulira a mayiko. mayiko a ku Ulaya nthawi zambiri kutsogoleredwa ndi mafumu. Kodi dzina limeneli ndi mmene kumasiyana ndi mfumu kapena mfumu? Tiyeni kumvetsa nkhani imeneyi.

tanthawuzo

Mfumu - lakale monarchical mutu. Chikhalidwe ndi akatengela apabanja. mutu chikutchedwa Karla Velikogo - Mfumu ya Afulanki, amene analamulira mu theka lachiwiri la VIII - chiyambi cha m'ma IX. Dziko Russian, mawu ndinali mlendo ndipo anali kugwirizana ndi Chikatolika. Mpaka 1533 mutu wa mfumu Europe, olamulira onse analandira kwa manja a Papa.

Mu Middle Ages mfumu anachita monga mkhalapakati wa nzika za boma ndi Mulungu. Iye anali wofanana ndi Mlengi ndipo anapatsidwa mphamvu zopanda malire. Anthu amene ankatsutsa chifuniro chake, kwadzaoneni. Kukwera wachifumu, wolamulira anali kupita mwambo zovuta coronation. Pokhapokha kuti iye anali woyenera kuvala chovala, kufanizira kumwamba. zizindikiro zina za ufumu, nayenso, ankavala pyakubisika. Ndodo ndi ndodo m'manja mwa mfumu kugwirizana ndi chilungamo bwino unquestionable. Medieval King - munthu amene timapezamo maganizo ake pa boma. Mu boma lake thanzi anaweruzidwa pa ukupeza nzika zonse. Panali ngakhale chikhulupiriro chakuti ngati mfumu odwala kukolola tingayembekezere.

Kuvala mutu mfumu ndi mkazi akanakhoza. Iye sadamlandire milandu iwiri: ngati anakwatira ulamuliro wa mfumu ndi pamene kudzikonda wotsogozedwa boma.

Kusiyana maudindo monarchical

Koma chimene chimasiyanitsa mfumu ya mfumu kapena mfumu? olamulira onsewa kunapangitsa kuti dziko ndi kukhala ndi mphamvu zopanda malire. Mafumu otchedwa olamulira kulamulira ufumu - boma yaikulu, mwa mayiko ambiri osiyana pamodzi. Monga ulamuliro, iwo nakhala mayiko kale palokha kuti anagonjetsa nkhondo asilikali. Ena maufumu zinali zazikulu wopangidwa maufumu osiyana kapena malo, amene anali kuyang'anira akazembe, ndi kumvera mfumu. Mu madera ambiri a maufumu anthu akanakhoza kukhala mitundu ingapo. Nthawi zambiri ankalankhula zinenero zosiyana.

Mosiyana ndi mfumu King - mfumu, amene ali pansi pa boma, anthu ndi anthu a mtundu womwewo. Monga tanena dzina limeneli ankakonda Europe. Boma Russian ku cha m'ma XVI olamulira wapamwamba anayamba kuitana mafumu. Iwo, monga mafumu anali m'mayiko awo mphamvu zopanda malire. mutu Royal akhoza akamagwira cholowa.

Mfumu Russia

Iye anali kumayiko a kum'mawa Asilavo ndi Russian mfumu. mutuwu anali atavala wolamulira wa wotchedwa Galicia-Volyn ukulu Daniel Galitsky. Iye anali ndi ulamuliro pa nthawi yovutayo pamene m'mayiko Russian anadwala nkhondo Mongol. Kuteteza ukulu wake ku Tartar goli, Galitsky kupempha thandizo ku mayiko a ku Ulaya. Pa ichi iye analandira chikhulupiriro Latin ndi korona ufumu pa Papa Innocent IV. Choncho Daniel Galitsky anali woyamba mu Russia, mfumu pakati pa akalonga. mutuwu anapatsa pambuyo pake.

ufumu amakono

M'mayiko ena, mfumu ndi mfumukazi ndi mphamvu lero. Ku Ulaya ano, m'mayiko amenewa ndi UK, Spain, Denmark, Sweden, Netherlands, Belgium, Norway. Mu ku Asia , nayenso, anali ufumu. Iwo Thailand, Saudi Arabia, Cambodia, Malaysia, Jordan, Bahrain ndi Bhutan. Mu Africa, mafumu amene analamulira ku Morocco, Swaziland ndi Lesotho, ndi Polynesia - Tonga. Mfumu ndi mfumukazi ya lero ndi olamulira wapamwamba m'mayiko awo ndipo anasangalala chikondi chachikulu kwa anthu ake.

Tsogolo la ufumu mu France

Koma si mayiko onse amene mafumu anatha kusunga mphamvu manja awo. A chitsanzo chapadera ndi France. Olamulira a boma kwa zaka zambiri, anaberekera mutu wa mafumu. Nthawi zina, wachifumu French kutsogoleredwa ndi angapo dynastic Mafumu yobereka (Merovingian, Carolingian, Capetian, Valois, ndi Bourbons). Mutu wa mfumu ya dziko linathetsedwa chifukwa cha ulimi mu 1848, kutsatira kukhazikitsidwa kwa ufulu wofanana ndi kumasulika kwa nzika zonse. Mfumu yomaliza, amene anatchedwa "mfumu ya France," ankhaimilira ufumu wa Burbonov Lui-Philippe. Atamusiya wapanikizidwa zionetsero ku mpando wachifumu mu February 1848, iye anathawira ku England. Pambuyo Republic izi unakhazikitsidwa mu France.

Mfumu - udindo ndinalota oimira ambiri mabanja achifumu. Akulowa ufumu, ndi mphamvu adafunafuna pa mtengo uliwonse, osati wotseka ngakhale pamaso pa kuphedwa kwa Otsutsa. Modern Mfumu amafanana kakang'ono wa mfumu akale. Koma, monga kale, ndi nkhope ya boma Choncho, nthawi zonse cholinga cha chidwi anthu.