Udindo Hrs ya Western Siberia. Chuma cha Western Siberia

Western Siberia - lalikulu Hrs dera, kuyambira ku Nyanja Kara kwa steppes cha Kazakhstan. Dera limeneli ndi 60% yokutidwa nkhalango ndi madambo, ndi losiyana wolemera angathe gwero mchere. ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa malo Hrs of Western Siberia chiyani? Kodi mchere ncho? Ndipo malo a m'dera onse Russian nkhani zachuma?

Western Siberia: udindo Hrs derali

Western Siberia - dera lalikulu kwambiri ndi malo ofanana ndi mayiko monga Argentina ndi India. Ndi mwa mayiko awiri (Russia ndi Kazakhstan). Udindo Hrs ya Western Siberia amakhala ndi zinthu zingapo wapadera. Ndi chiyani icho?

malo Geographical of Western Siberia limafotokoza malo a m'dera za mitundu zazikulu mpumulo, mitsinje yaikulu, nyanja, nyanja, malo achilengedwe, ndi zina zotero. N. The dera anatambasula kumpoto chakum'mwera pafupifupi 2,500 makilomita. Kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo m'litali zimasiyanasiyana pakati pa 1000 kukafika kumpoto chakum'mwera mu 2000 Km.

Ngati ife kulankhula za malire a dera, malo Hrs ya Western Siberia udzakhala wakuti: kumpoto kwa dera amapita ku kugombe la nyanja Kara, malo otsetsereka kum'mwera kwa zochepa Chikazaki mapiri. Kumadzulo amathamanga malire pamodzi mapiri a Ural, ndi kum'mawa - pa Yenisei Mtsinje. Kum'mwera-kum'mawa kwa Western Siberia pang'onopang'ono limatuluka mofatsa kwa m'tsinde mwa Altai ndi Kuznetsk Alatau.

The chidwi kwambiri mu Western Siberia? Udindo Hrs a m'dera amakhala ndi chakuti pali pafupi kwathunthu mu eponymous West Siberia Plain. Ndi yaikulu kumveka dziko, agwilitse malo pafupifupi 2.6 miliyoni mamita lalikulu. Km.

M'dera ake a Western Siberia ali pafupifupi 15% ya m'dziko la Russia. Ndi kunyumba oposa 10% ya Russia chiwerengero (14.6 miliyoni anthu). anthu ali anaikira makamaka kum'mwera kwa dera limeneli. Mu Western Siberia ndi 11 nzika za Russian Federation, North-Kazakhstan Oblast (kwathunthu) ndi mbali ya m'madera ena a Kazakhstan. Mizinda yayikulu kwambiri m'chigawo: Omsk, Novosibirsk, Tyumen, Barnaul, Kostanay ndi Nizhnevartovsk.

Western Siberia: mwachidule za thupi komanso malo

Dera lili mu dera nyengo chokhala, amene lagawidwa asanu boma pankhani ya Titafika pamalo a kumpoto kwa steppe kum'mwera. M'nyengo yozizira mpweya kutentha angafikire -30 ... -40 digiri, m'chilimwe iwo osiyanasiyana kuchokera +10 kuti +20. Mu miyezi yotentha Vasyuganskoye zithaphwi zinthu monga yaikulu mpweya wofewetsa, yozizira zotsatira okuta lonse la Western Siberia.

madzi onse m'chigawo mwanjira madzi awo mu Nyanja Kara. Ob ndi Irtysh - ichi ndi chachikulu mtsinje dongosolo la Western Siberia. Mbali ina yaikulu mitsinje - Puri Tom, Tobol, Chulym, Taz, Biya, Nadym. Mu nkhalango West Siberia amalima mitundu 40 ya mitengo ndi mitundu 230 zitsamba. Zinyama m'mphepete ndi ndithu wolemera: pafupifupi mitundu 100 ya nyama, 350 mitundu ya mbalame ndi mitundu 60 ya nsomba Bony.

Chikhalidwe wapadera Western Siberia kutetezedwa nkhokwe angapo. The wamkulu wa iwo, Yugansky, unakhazikitsidwa mu 1982. Pali kutetezedwa zatsala pang'ono kutha nyama - lagolide mphungu, woyera-tailed mphungu, wakuda dokowe ndi ena.

Features za mpumulo wa Western Siberia

Monga tanena ambiri a dera kwagona mu West Siberia Plain, amene ali mwangwiro kuonekera pa mapu thupi. Iye "sandwiched" pakati pa mapiri a Ural ndi ku Central Siberia Plateau. Plain ali conventionally kugawidwa m'magulu awiri, zitunda Siberia - mapiri ndi okwera mamita 200-300.

Kapangidwe lonse lagona pa orographic yemweyo dzina mbale ndi maziko a Paleozoic zaka. Pamwamba pa maziko aphimbidwa madipoziti wandiweyani wa Mesozoic, Paleogene ndi Quaternary nthawi. The makulidwe okwana zigawo izi ndi makilomita 6! West Siberia mbale makamaka wapangidwa shales, clays, mchenga ndi sandstones.

Pamwamba pa Western Siberia si zimasiyana kusintha okwera. Komabe, mpumulo wa dera ndi osiyanasiyana ndithu. Apa palinso mbali wa zigwa ndi m'madambo, ndi phiri ndi ndalama zochepa.

malo achilengedwe a Western Siberia

Mkati dera bwino anati latitudinal magawidwe. madera asanu zachilengedwe anatsindika pano, malire amene bwino wina ndi mnzake molondola zosaneneka:

• Titafika pamalo.
• Titafika pamalo.
• Nayonso.
• The nkhalango-steppe.
• Steppe.

Treeless Titafika pamalo ndi ndere ndi lichens akuchita thambo kumpoto cha kumadzulo Siberia (chilumba Gydansky ndi Yamal). Kum'mwera izo zatha Titafika pamalo, chomwe chili ndi ziwembu zithunzi achinyontho, wokolopa ndi mitengo.

Forest zone (kapena nkhalango boreal) - pafupifupi 1,000-kilometre malo pakati pa 55th ndi 66th madigiri kumpoto kumpoto. A malo ambiri m'dera lino - mdima coniferous nkhalango ndi predominance a Oil, spruce ndi mkungudza. M'madera ena pali paini ndi birch ndi nkhalango Aspen.

South wa nayonso nkhalango-steppe akuyamba. Apa, kanukanu mbali ndi yaikulu chiwerengero cha chatsekedwa saline nyanja. Komanso kum'mwera dera limeneli zachilengedwe m'malo mwa steppe lapansi. Kuwonjezera zitsamba tingachipeze powerenga, pali paini nkhalango lamba. Zinapangidwa akubisala m'dzenje runoff oundana wakale.

zachilengedwe ndi mchere m'chigawo

The zachilengedwe a dera ili ndi yosiyanasiyana. Western Siberia amapereka oposa 70% ya okwana mafuta kupanga Russian ndi 10% - nkhuni. Apa ndi amphamvu kwambiri mafuta ndi gasi zovuta mu dziko.

Kuwonjezera mafuta ndiponso gasi mu Western Siberia ali nkhokwe ndithu malasha, peat ndi mchere. Komabe, kuti adziwe zinthu mchere wa dera ndi zovuta. Ndipotu, amayi Nature molondola kuteteza kugawo mwa nthaka achisanu ndi zithaphwi kuwoloka. Zima ntchito kuno popewa chisanu ndi mphepo, m'chilimwe - udzudzu wadzaoneni kukhetsa mwazi.

China chachikulu ndi pafupifupi zopanda malire chuma cha Western Siberia - zake madzi. Kuwonjezera ambiri madzi oyera nyanja ndi mitsinje m'dera zimapezeka lalikulu nkhokwe a pansi. Nyanja Siberia kale kupereka nsomba anthu, ndi nkhalango - yambitsa ndi matabwa.

Economic ndi malo malo a m'dera

Udindo Hrs ya Western Siberia (EGP) makamaka anatsimikiza mtima, pa dzanja limodzi, pazipita ndende ya madipoziti mafuta tanthauzo lonse, ndi pa zina - wachibale moyandikana ndi malo a mowa chuma mafuta. Ndi apa kuti anapanga zikuluzikulu katundu utuluke mafuta ndi gasi kupanga makamaka kwa kumadzulo.

Wina zabwino mbali ya chuma komanso malo vuto la Western Siberia ndi yabwino mayendedwe udindo m'dera. Mapaipi msanga ndiponso zamalata kupulumutsa mafuta Siberia ndi mpweya mu CIS, Eastern ndi Western Europe. Kumadzulo, dera malire pa zomwe mafakitale dera Ural ndi kum'mwera ali ndi boma malire a Kazakhstan, Mongolia ndi China.

awiri makhalidwe oipa angatchedwe EGP Western Siberia:

1. Monyanyira nyengo, zomwe kwambiri kumva ndi kupanga yokwera mtengo wa mphamvu m'deralo.
2. A yaitali kumalire ndi Kazakhstan, amene m'madera ambiri si zoyenera.

Features ya chuma cha Western Siberia

Mu gawo ili la dziko chionekera West Siberia dera zachuma. malire ake ochiritsira ziri lifanane ndi malire achilengedwe a ankaona malo osiyanasiyana dera.

Chuma cha Western Siberia zachokera mafuta ndi gasi kupanga nkhalango ndi mafakitale mankhwala, komanso zovuta agro-mafakitale ndi predominance ya ulimi tirigu. Koma makamaka Western Siberia - ndi yofunika mafuta m'munsi mwa dziko. Mu Omsk, izo ndi limodzi mwa ayenga bwino mu Russia. Kuya kwa processing "golide wakuda" ndi mkulu 80%. The kutulutsa mphamvu mu dera komanso kukonzedwa mu Tobolsk.

Mu Western Siberia, walandira chitukuko ndi zomangamanga. The malo yaikulu ya ntchito imeneyi anaikira mu Omsk, Novosibirsk Region ndi Altai Gawo. Dera umabala likuoneka, mphamvu ndi zida malasha, boilers nthunzi, injini dizilo ndi magalimoto katundu.

Pomaliza

Tsopano inu mukudziwa zomwe zimaonetsa malo osiyana dera limene Western Siberia. Natural malire a dera ili ndi mapiri Ural (kumadzulo), ndi Yenisei mtsinje (kum'mawa) gombe la nyanja Kara (kumpoto) ndi otsetsereka a Chikazaki zomwe zili (kum'mwera).

Economic ndi malo vuto la Western Siberia ambiri yabwino zokwanira, ngakhale ali ndi zofooka zake.